簡(jiǎn)介：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)題目某實(shí)驗(yàn)辦公樓給排水設(shè)計(jì)某實(shí)驗(yàn)辦公樓給排水設(shè)計(jì)院（部）環(huán)境與能源工程學(xué)院環(huán)境與能源工程學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)給水排水工程給水排水工程班級(jí)2姓名任智慧任智慧學(xué)號(hào)0920301020609203010206指導(dǎo)教師王坤王坤完成日期2001320013年6月ABSTRACTABSTRACTBAISEDONTHESYNTHESISANALYSIS,THEWATERSUPPLYSYSTEM,THEDRAINAGESYSTEM,FIRESYSTEMFIREHYDRANTSYSTEMANDAUTOMATICSPRINKLERSYSTEMANDROOFDRAINAGESYSTEMFORTHELEVEL17THHIGHCOMPLEXBUILDINGAREDESIGNEDTHEWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMISAPPLIEDBYVERTICALDIVISIONBLOCKTHEFLOORSFROMTHENEGATIVETOTHETHIRDARETHELOWAREAS,WATEROFWHICHISSUPPLIEDDIRECTLYBYTHEMUNICIPALPIPENETWORKTHEFLOORSFROMTHE4THTOTHE11THARETHEMIDDLEAREASANDTHEFLOORSFROMTHE12THTOTHE17THARETHEHIGHAREAS,WATEROFWHICHAREALLSUPPLIEDWITHTHEFREQUENCYCONVERSIONPUMPGROUPTHEDRAINAGESYSTEMISANINTERFLOWSYSTEMOFSEWERAGEANDWASTEWATERWATEROFTHEFIRSTFLOORDRAINSSEPARATELY,THEUPRIGHTDRAININGPIPESAREEQUIPPEDWITHTHEVENTILATINGPIPES,ANDTHENTHESEWERAGEISDISPOSEDBYTHESEPTICTANKSANDDRAINSTOTHEMUNICIPALWASTEPIPENETWORKTHEFIRESYSTEMINCLUDESTHEFIREHYDRANTSYSTEMANDAUTOMATICSPRINKLERSYSTEMTHEROOFDRAINAGESYSTEMISANOUTSIDEDRAINAGESYSTEMKEYWORDSHIGHBUILDING；WATERSUPPLYSYSTEM；WASTEWATERSYSTEM；FIRESYSTEM

簡(jiǎn)介：AFRICANJOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGYVOL821,PP58075813,2NOVEMBER,2009AVAILABLEONLINEATHTTP//WWWACADEMICJOURNALSORG/AJBISSN1684–5315?2009ACADEMICJOURNALSFULLLENGTHRESEARCHPAPERSEPARATIONANDRECOVERYOFORGANICACIDSFROMFERMENTEDKITCHENWASTEBYANINTEGRATEDPROCESSFARAHNADIAOMAR,NOR’AINIABDULRAHMAN,HALIMATUNSAADIAHHAFID,PHANGLAIYEEANDMOHDALIHASSANDEPARTMENTOFBIOPROCESSTECHNOLOGY,FACULTYOFBIOTECHNOLOGYANDBIOMOLECULARSCIENCES,UNIVERSITYPUTRAMALAYSIA,43400SERDANG,SELANGOR,MALAYSIAACCEPTED4SEPTEMBER,2009ORGANICACIDSPRODUCEDFROMANAEROBICDIGESTIONOFKITCHENWASTEWERERECOVEREDUSINGANEWINTEGRATEDMETHODWHICHCONSISTEDOFFREEZINGANDTHAWING,CENTRIFUGATION,FILTRATIONANDEVAPORATIONTHEMAINORGANICACIDPRODUCEDWASLACTICACID98AFTERTHEFREEZINGANDTHAWINGPROCESS,73OFTHETOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSWEREREMOVEDANDTHEORGANICACIDSWEREELEVATEDFROM590TO70G/LTHEEVAPORATIONTECHNIQUEWASUSEDTOFURTHERCONCENTRATETHEORGANICACIDSUPTO224G/LUSINGTHEINTEGRATEDRECOVERYMETHOD,THEREDUCTIONOFTHETOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSINTHESOLUTIONACHIEVEDWASABOUT93THEMATERIALBALANCEFORTHERECOVERYPROCESSWASALSOPRESENTEDKEYWORDSANAEROBICDIGESTION,KITCHENWASTE,ORGANICACIDS,RECOVERYINTRODUCTIONTHEREMARKABLEGROWTHECONOMYINMALAYSIAHASBROUGHTTREMENDOUSPOPULATIONGROWTHWHICHTHENRESULTEDINAHUGEAMOUNTOFMUNICIPALSOLIDWASTEMSWBEINGGENERATEDTHROUGHOUTTHEYEARMSWISUSUALLYDUMPEDINLANDFILLSANDDEGRADEDINTOSIMPLERCOMPOUNDSHOWEVER,DUETOTHESCARCITYOFLANDANDTHECONSTRAINTOFLANDFILLAREAS,ALTERNATIVEMETHODSSHOULDBECONSIDEREDINORDERTOREDUCETHESPACENEEDEDFORLANDFILLSINCINERATIONISALSOANOPTIONOHKOUCHIANDINOUE,2006ASITISANEASYFINALDISPOSALMETHODBUTLARGEAMOUNTSOFENERGYWILLBEWASTEDINTHEBURNINGPROCESSTSAI,2008SINCE2254OFMSWCONSISTSOFFOODANDORGANICWASTESKATHIRVALEETAL,2003,BIOCONVERSIONOFMSWINTOUSEFULPRODUCTSISFEASIBLEANDITSTREATMENTCOSTCANBEREDUCEDTOOFOODWASTECONTAINSABOUT80OFMOISTUREWHICHISEASILYBIODEGRADABLEANDISRICHINNUTRIENTSANDMICROFLORAWANGETAL,2001DUETOTHESECHARACTERISTICS,BIOLOGICALTREATMENTSAREPREFERREDONEOFTHEMOSTPRACTICALBIOLOGICALTREATMENTSISANAEROBICDIGESTIONITISAGREATTOOLTOSTABILIZEALARGEVOLUMEOFWASTEMATERIALSECONOMICALLYANDEFFECTIVELYSAKAIETAL,2000ITALSOCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILNOR_AINIBIOTECHUPMEDUMYTEL60389466669FAX60389467510PRODUCESLOWBIOMASSANDISABLETODESTROYPATHOGENSBANARJEEETAL,1999FOODWASTECOULDBEANAEROBICALLYFERMENTEDTOPRODUCEVOLATILEFATTYACIDS,ALDEHYDES,ALCOHOLSANDCARBONDIOXIDESTABNIKOVAETAL,2006RATHERTHANBEINGDEGRADEDANDUNEXPLOITEDINTHELANDFILLS,FOODWASTECANBEUTILIZEDFORMANYAPPLICATIONSSUCHASTHEPRODUCTIONOFBIOPLASTICSSAKAIETAL,2004,BIOGASZHUETAL,2008,BIOHYDROGENANDETHANOLPRODUCTIONSKIMETAL,2004,COMPOSTINGTSAI,2008ADHIKARIETAL,2008ANDORGANICACIDSPRODUCTIONOHKOUCHIANDINOUE,2007ZHANGETAL,2008ORGANICACIDSAREORGANICCOMPOUNDSWHICHHAVEBEENEXTENSIVELYUSEDINTHEFOODANDBEVERAGESINDUSTRIES,PHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRIES,COSMETICS,ANDDETERGENTSANDRECENTLYTHEYAREEXTENSIVELYUSEDFORBIOPOLYMERPRODUCTIONSAUERETAL,2008THEREARETWOWAYSTOPRODUCEORGANICACIDSWHICHARECHEMICALSYNTHESISORBIOLOGICALSYNTHESISALTAFETAL,2007WHETHERITISCHEMICALLYORBIOLOGICALLYSYNTHESIZED,THECRITICALSTAGEOFTHEPROCESSISPRODUCTRECOVERYDOWNSTREAMPROCESSESINCLUDINGSEPARATION,EXTRACTIONANDPURIFICATIONOFORGANICACIDSWHICHCONTRIBUTEMORETHAN60OFTHEOVERALLPRODUCTIONCOSTHANETAL,2000SEVERALMETHODSHAVEBEENREPORTEDFOREXTRACTINGORGANICACIDSFROMTHEFERMENTATIONBROTHSUCHASELECTRODIALYSISHUANGETAL,2007,MEMBRANEFILTRATIONKANGANDCHANG,2005,SOLVENTEXTRACTIONHARINGTONOMARETAL5809FIGURE2ORGANICACIDSPROFILEIN50LBIOREACTORTOTALORGANICACIDS?,LACTICACID?,ACETICACID?ANDFORMICACID?RESULTSAREMEANSFORDUPLICATEEXPERIMENTSFIGURE3PROFILEOFPH?ANDBACTERIADISTRIBUTION?DURINGKITCHENWASTEFERMENTATIONRESULTSAREMEANSFORDUPLICATEEXPERIMENTSSHOWNAFTERSEVENDAYSOFFERMENTATION,TOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSWEREREDUCEDAT62ORGANICACIDSRECOVERYANDTOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSREDUCTIONFIGURE4SHOWSTHEORGANICACIDS,TOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSANDTOTALKJELDAHLNITROGENOBTAINEDATEACHUNITOPERATIONOFTHERECOVERYPROCESSTHERECOVERYPROCESSINCLUDESPHYSICALSEPARATIONTHATISFREEZINGANDTHAWING,CENTRIFUGATIONANDFILTRATIONWHILETHEEVAPORATIONSTEPISAMETHODUSEDTOCONCENTRATETHERECOVEREDORGANICACIDSBYELIMINATINGEXCESSWATERTHEORGANICACIDSCONTENTINCREASEDBYABOUT56WHILETHETOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSDECREASEDBYABOUT622AFTERTHEFERMENTATIONBYTHEFREEZINGANDTHAWINGPROCESS,THEORGANICACIDSCONTENTINCREASEDBY16WITH66REMOVALOFTOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSTHECENTRIFUGATIONANDFILTRATIONPROCESSDONOTHAVEANEFFECTONTHECONCENTRATIONOFTHEORGANICACIDSTHETOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSDECREASEDFROM1789TO1227G/LWATERWASEVAPORATEDAT50°CINVACUUMANDTHEREMAININGORGANICACIDSANDSOMESUSPENDEDSOLIDSWERECONCENTRATEDAFTERTHEEVAPORATIONSTEP,BOTHTHEORGANICACIDSANDTHETOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDSCONTENTSWEREINCREASEDBY69AND83,RESPECTIVELYTHENITROGENCONTENTOFTHEFERMENTATIONBROTHANDRECOVEREDLIQUIDMEDIUMWEREANALYZEDINTHISSTUDYTHE

簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢(qián)一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ACLOUDBASEDLEARNINGSYSTEMFORJAVAPROGRAMMINGCLASS外文作者HAYATOTSUKIJI,TAKAYUKIKASAI,MIZUKIKUMADA,ANDKOSUKETAKANO文獻(xiàn)出處2018INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONKNOWLEDGECREATIONANDINTELLIGENTCOMPUTINGKCIC如覺(jué)得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2605單詞，15522字符字符就是印刷符，中文4024漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）ACLOUDBASEDLEARNINGSYSTEMFORJAVAPROGRAMMINGCLASSABSTRACTWITHTHEADVANCEOFTHECLOUDCOMPUTINGTECHNOLOGY,ONLINEPROGRAMMINGSERVICESTHATCANBEAVAILABLETHROUGHAWEBBROWSERHAVEBEENWIDELYSPREADINAPROGRAMMINGCLASS,ATEACHERCANEFFICIENTLYMANAGEEACHSTUDENTS’PROGRESSBYINTRODUCINGSUCHANONLINEPROGRAMMINGSERVICETOTHESTUDENTSINTHISSTUDY,WEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTACLOUDBASEDJAVALEARNINGSYSTEMFOREFFECTIVELYTEACHINGJAVAPROGRAMMINGSKILLSTOSTUDENTSINACLASSOURPROPOSEDJAVAPROGRAMMINGLEARNINGSYSTEMPROVIDESAFUNCTIONOFCLASSIFYINGSTUDENTSINTOSOMEGROUPSBASEDONTHESIMILARITYOFCOMPILE/RUNTIMEERRORSOFJAVAPROGRAMSOTHATATEACHERCANGRASPINDIVIDUALSTUDENTS’PROGRESSFORJAVAPROGRAMMINGEXERCISESINTHECLASSINTHEEXPERIMENTUSINGOURPROTOTYPE,WEEVALUATEDTHEFEASIBILITYOFTHEPROPOSEDCLOUDBASEDJAVALEARNINGSYSTEMINTERMSOFTHECAPABILITYOFCLASSIFYINGSTUDENTSINTOSOMEGROUPSBASEDONTHESIMILARITYOFCOMPILE/RUNTIMEERRORSOFJAVAPROGRAMASWELLASTHEUSABILITYEVALUATIONKEYWORDSJAVAPROGRAMMINGONLINECOMPILERELEARNINGCLOUDCOMPUTINGIINTRODUCTIONWITHTHEADVANCEOFTHECLOUDCOMPUTINGTECHNOLOGY,ONLINEPROGRAMMINGSERVICESTHATCANBEAVAILABLETHROUGHAWEBBROWSERHAVEBEENWIDELYSPREADINAINTHEEXPERIMENTUSINGOURPROTOTYPE,WEEVALUATEDTHEFEASIBILITYOFTHEPROPOSEDCLOUDBASEDJAVALEARNINGSYSTEMINTERMSOFTHECAPABILITYOFCLASSIFYINGSTUDENTSINTOSOMEGROUPSBASEDONTHESIMILARITYOFCOMPILE/RUNTIMEERRORSOFJAVAPROGRAMASWELLASTHEUSABILITYEVALUATIONIIRELATEDWORKPRESENTLY,ITISEXPECTEDTODEVELOPANEWEDUCATIONALMETHODBASEDONTHEANALYSISOFTHEEDUCATIONALBIGDATATHATCANBEEXTRACTEDANDACCUMULATEDFROMELEARNINGHISTORIESOFINDIVIDUALSTUDENTSIN1,KUSANOETALPROPOSEAWEBBASEDSYSTEMTOSUPPORTAPROGRAMMINGLECTURETHATENABLESTEACHERSTOGIVEANADVICEACCORDINGTOTHESTUDENT’SPROGRESSBYBROWSINGSTUDENTS’LEARNINGHISTORIESINACLASSNOZAKIETALPROPOSEAMETHODOFSEQUENTIALPATTERNMININGSPECIALIZINGINTHEANALYSISOFPROGRAMMINGLEARNINGHISTORYFORCONDUCTINGEFFECTIVEAPROGRAMINGCLASSACCORDINGTOTHELEVELOFSTUDENT’SCOMPREHENSION2INADDITION,HOSHINOETALDISCUSSAPROGRAMMINGLEARNINGSUPPORTBASEDONTHESTUDENT’SINPUTFEATUREEXTRACTEDBYANALYZINGTHETIMESERIESINPUTPATTERNTHATAPPEARSWHENTHESTUDENTISWRITINGASOURCECODEFURTHERMORE,HAYAMIETALDEVELOPAWEBBASEDSQLLEARNINGSUPPORTSYSTEMFORIMPROVINGTHELEARNINGLEVELOFSQLBYEXECUTINGSQLACCORDINGTOATEXTBOOK,ANDINDICATESTHATTHEREISACORRELATIONBETWEENANUMBEROFSQLEXECUTIONSANDSTUDENT’SCOMPREHENSIONTOSQLBYANALYZINGSTUDENTS’LEARNINGLOGSANDTHEIRTESTSCORE4INCOMPARISONWITHTHESESTUDIES,THEPROPOSEDJAVALEARNINGSYSTEMALLOWSUSTOFINDSTUDENTSINASIMILARTROUBLEBYCLASSIFYINGTHEMINTOAGROUPBASEDONTHEWORKPROGRESSFOREACHQUESTIONANDERRORMESSAGESINCOMPILING/EXECUTINGSOURCECODESINAPROGRAMMINGCLASSTHISFEATUREOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMENABLESTEACHERSANDTA/SATOEFFICIENTLYMANAGEAPROGRAMMINGCLASSWITHLIMITEDTIMEANDTEACHERRESOURCESIIIPROPOSEDSYSTEMASYSTEMARCHITECTURE

簡(jiǎn)介：外文標(biāo)題AIRPOLLUTIONPREVENTIONANDCONTROLANINTEGRATEDDESIGNEDAPPROACH外文作者DRAKSHEYBHARGAVA,MTECH,PHD,LLB文獻(xiàn)出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFENGINEERINGSCIENCEANDCOMPUTING,APRIL2016,VOLUME6,ISSUENO4英文2873單詞，14698字符，中文4589漢字。此文檔是外文翻譯成品，無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式哦下載之后直接可用，方便快捷只需二十多元。原文原文AIRPOLLUTIONPREVENTIONANDCONTROLANINTEGRATEDDESIGNEDAPPROACHDRAKSHEYBHARGAVA,MTECH,PHD,LLBABSTRACTTHEPLANNING,MANAGEMENTANDCONTROLOFAIRPOLLUTIONNEEDTOBEADDRESSEDSIMULTANEOUSLYTOACHIEVETHEMAXIMUMOUTPUTTHEPRESENTPAPERSIGNIFYTHEIMPORTANCEANDHIGHLIGHTANINTEGRATEDAPPROACHNEEDSTOBEINFUSEDINTOTHESYSTEMWHICHINTERALIAINCLUDESOURCECONTROL,PATHWAYCONTROL,ANDRECEPTORCONTROLANEFFORTHASBEENMADEINTHEPRESENTPAPERTOBRIEFLYDESCRIBEPATHWAYANDRECEPTORCONTROLWITHMAINEMPHASISONDESIGNOFTHEAIRPOLLUTIONCONTROLSYSTEMS,PARTICULARLYBAGFILTERSTOCONTROLDUSTEMISSIONSANDWETSCRUBBERSTOCONTROLGASEOUSEMISSIONSBYWAYOFTHROWAWAYSCRUBBINGPROCESSES,REGENERATIVESCRUBBINGPROCESSES,DRYPROCESSESANDSPRAYTOWERSKEYWORDSAIRPOLLUTION,INTEGRATEDAPPROACH,DESIGNOFCONTROLSYSTEMSINTRODUCTIONTHETERM“AIRPOLLUTION”ISUSEDTODESCRIBESUBSTANCESTHATAREARTIFICIALLYINTRODUCEDINTOTHEAIRINTHEFORMOFGASESANDAIRBORNEPARTICLESWHICH,INEXCESS,AREHARMFULTOHUMANHEALTH,BUILDINGSANDECOSYSTEMSAIRPOLLUTIONISMAINLYCAUSEDBYCOMBUSTIONOFFOSSILFUEL,PROCESSINGOFMATERIALSANDDECOMPOSITIONOFORGANICMATTERSTHEMAINSOURCESOFAIRPOLLUTIONISFROMINDUSTRIALACTIVITIES,TRANSPORTSECTOR,HOUSEHOLDFUELBURNING,ANDOTHERCOMMERCIALACTIVITIESTHEPRESENTPAPERHIGHLIGHTANINTEGRATEDAPPROACHWHICHINTERALIAINCLUDESOURCECONTROL,PATHWAYCONTROL,ANDRECEPTORCONTROLANEFFORTHASBEENMADEINTHEPRESENTPAPERTOBRIEFLYDESCRIBEPATHWAYANDRECEPTORCONTROLWITHMAINEMPHASISONDESIGNOFTHEAIRPOLLUTIONCONTROLSYSTEMS,THEDETAILSOFWHICHAREASUNDERPATHWAYCONTROLPATHWAYCONTROLISACONTROLSYSTEMTHROUGHWHICHTHEAIRPOLLUTANTSARERESTRICTEDORARRESTEDBETWEENASOURCEANDRECEPTORTHROUGHTHEMECHANISMOFSCAVENGINGANDFILTRATIONTHISCANBEACHIEVEDBYHAVINGAGREENBELTOFSUITABLESPECIESBETWEENSOURCEANDRECEPTORSUCHAGREENBELTWOULDBEABLETO3IMPINGEMENTCHAMBERS4PACKEDTOWER5JETSPRAYSCRUBBINGTOWER6VENTURYSCRUBBERBAGFILTERSDESIGNINTRODUCTIONFILTRATIONISAMONGTHEMOSTRELIABLE,EFFICIENT,ANDRATHERECONOMICALMETHODSBYWHICHPARTICULATEMATTERMAYBEREMOVEDFROMGASES?SUCHTYPEOFFILTERSAREREPRESENTEDBYVARIOUSFABRICBAGARRANGEMENTSANDCAPABLEOFHIGHDUSTLOADING,MORETHAN1GM/M3?INDEPTHORBEDFILTERS?REPRESENTEDBYFIBROUSARRAY,APAPERLIKEMAT,ANDOCCASIONALLY,ASADEEPPACKEDBEDPACKEDBEDSAREAPPLIEDWHENPARTICULATECONCENTRATIONISMUCHLESSDEEPPACKEDBEDSAREPREPAREDFROMCRUSHEDSTONEORBRICKS,WIRESCREENS,ORFIBERSOFMANYTYPESARRANGEDINDIVIDUALLYORINCOMBINATIONFABRICBAGFILTERS?EMPLOYEDTOCONTROLEMISSIONSINVOLVINGABRASIVES,IRRITATINGCHEMICALDUSTS,ANDEXHAUSTSFROMELECTRICFURNACES,OILFIREDBOILERS,OXYGENFEDCONVERTERSFORSTEELMAKINGPRINCIPLEOFOPERATIONFILTRATIONISPRINCIPALLYACCOMPLISHEDBYTHEPARTICLELAYERTHATACCUMULATESONTHEFABRICSURFACEPRESSURELOSSINCREASESWITHACCUMULATEDDUSTLAYER,THEREBYGASVELOCITYDECREASESTHUS,DUSTDISLODGINGOPERATIONISUNDERTAKENTOHAVEPROPERFILTRATIONMANYFABRICBAGFILTERSASSEMBLEDINONEUNITISCALLEDBAGHOUSECLASSIFICATIONOFFILTERS?FABRICORCLOTHFILTERSPROPERTIESOFFIBERMATERIALSRESISTANCETOATTACKBYFIBERSTRENGTHTEMPFACIDBASEORGANICSOLVENTCOSTOTHERSCOTTONSTRONG180POORMEDIUMGOODLOWWOOLMEDIUM210MEDIUMPOORGOODPAPERWEAK180POORMEDIUMGOODLOWNYLONSTRONG220MEDIUMGOODGOODEASYTOCLEANDACRONSTRONG280GOODMEDIUMGOODORLONMEDIUM250GOODMEDIUMGOODVINYLIDENECHLORIDEMEDIUM210GOODMEDIUMGOODPOLYETHYLENESTRONG250MEDIUMMEDIUMMEDIUMTETRAFLUOROETHYLENEMEDIUM500GOODGOODGOODEXPENSIVE

簡(jiǎn)介：4800英文單詞，英文單詞，26萬(wàn)英文字符，中文萬(wàn)英文字符，中文7900字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處QAYUMA,GUPTAA,GUPTAA,ETALENVIRONMENTALTAXATIONBASEDINTEGRATEDMODELINGTOWARDSSUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONAPPROACHJENVIRONMENTALSYSTEMSRESEARCH,2016,5123ENVIRONMENTALTAXATIONBASEDINTEGRATEDMODELINGTOWARDSSUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONAPPROACHABDULQAYUM,ANJANAGUPTA,AKANKSHAGUPTAANDRAKESHARYAABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGLOBALIZATIONANDRAPIDINDUSTRIALIZATIONWASINEVITABLEDURINGLATENINETEENTHCENTURYCONSIDERINGTHEDEMAND–SUPPLYDEFICITANDREQUIREMENTSOFEVOLVINGSOCIETIESHOWEVER,ATLATERSTAGETHESEFACTORSWEREMAPPEDTOBEMAJORREASONSFORTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONFURTHER,ATTHECOSTOFENVIRONMENTDEGRADATION,DEVELOPMENTANDECONOMICGROWTHCANNOTBEACHIEVEDTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEWORKISTODESIGNAGREENTAXATIONPOLICYTOMITIGATEHAZARDOUSENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFVARIOUSSECTORSANDTOVISUALIZETHEBENEFITSWHICHCANBRIDGETHESOCIOECONOMICDIVIDEPREVALENT,ESPECIALLYINDEVELOPINGNATIONSTHEAPPROACHISAMALGAMATIONOFEIABASEDAPPROACHONTHEENERGYRESEARCHINSTITUTECRITERIAANDENVIRONMENTENERGY,ECONOMYRESULTSINTEGRATEDMODELISBASEDONTHEPRINCIPLETHATTHETAXRATEHASTOBECOMMENSURATEWITHTHEENVIRONMENTALDAMAGESWHICHANYPROJECTCAUSESANDITWASFOUNDTHATBOTHECONOMICGROWTHANDENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONARESYNCHRONOUSGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTRELATEDPROJECTSCANNOTBECOMPROMISEDBECAUSEOFINCREASEDDEMANDSTHEREFORE,THEREHASTOBEFINEBALANCEBETWEENDEVELOPMENTANDCONSERVATIONCONCLUSIONSTHEPOLICIESMAYBEDESIGNEDONTHEMODELDISCUSSEDTOBRINGOUTOPTIMALCONTRIBUTIONOFINDUSTRYSECTORTOWARDSGENERATINGRESOURCESFORECONOMICGROWTHANDTOBRIDGESOCIOECONOMICDIVIDEGREENTAXATIONPROVESTOBEDETERRENTTOOLTOWARDSENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATIONANDOPTIMALENERGYUTILIZATIONKEYWORDSDENOVOAPPROACH,ENERGYECONOMYENVIRONMENT,ENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATION,ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT,GREENTAXATION,SOCIOECONOMICGROWTHBACKGROUNDITISWIDELYARGUEDTHATTHEREISHUGEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTPRESSUREAMONGDEVELOPINGNATIONSTOADDRESSINCREASEDNEEDOFTHEPEOPLE,WHERERESOURCESARESCARCENARULAANDDUNNING2000SCARCITYCOMPOUNDSTHEPRESSUREONENVIRONMENTDUETOMAXIMALUTILIZATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESAND,INDIAISNOTANEXCEPTIONASITISSECONDMOSTPOPULOUSCOUNTRYINTHEWORLDASPERANESTIMATE,ITISVERYLIKELYTOOVERPASSCHINABY2040TOOCCUPYTHEAPEXPOSITIONINTHEPOPULATIONPYRAMIDMCDEVITT1996ITISARGUEDTHATENERGYCONSUMPTIONVARIESDIRECTLYWITHPOPULATIONINCREASEJOHNANDPAUL1974INDIAWILLBEUNDERTREMENDOUSPRESSURETOINCREASEITSENERGYDEMANDTOMEETITSOVERRIDINGSOCIALANDECONOMICOBLIGATIONSDUETOBURGEONINGPOPULATIONTHEREFORE,ENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONBYMITIGATINGEFFECTSOFVARIOUSEFFLUENTSANDPOLLUTANTSBECOMESINEVITABLETAXATIONPROVEDTOBEADETERRENTTOWARDSREDUCINGTHEENERGYDEMANDBYIMPROVINGENERGYINTENSITYINEUROPE,FUELDEMANDWOULDHAVEBEENTWICEIFITHADNOTFOLLOWEDTHEPOLICYOFHIGHFUELTAXATIONSTERNER2007INEUROPEANUNIONEU,ITWASFOUNDTHATINDUSTRIESTHATREDUCEPOLLUTIONINCREASEITSRESOURCEPRODUCTIVITYANDSWITCHTORENEWABLESOURCESISHIGHLYENCOURAGEDINTURKEY,ASECONDTERI,NEWDELHIQAYUMANDGUPTA2014TERIHASDEVELOPED“GREENRATINGFORINTEGRATEDHABITATASSESSMENT”SYSTEMWHICHISANEVALUATIONTOOLANDMAINTAINSARESOURCEEFFICIENTBUILTENVIRONMENTGRIHA2010ITEVALUATESENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEOFABUILDINGHOLISTICALLYOVERITSENTIRELIFECYCLE,THEREBYPROVIDINGDEFINITIVESTANDARDSFORWHATCONSTITUTEA‘GREENBUILDING’THESCOPEOFTHECURRENTPAPERISRESTRICTEDTOTAXINCENTIVEMODELFORTHEEFFECTIVEMITIGATIONOFTHEENVIRONMENTALDAMAGECAUSEDBYTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYCONSIDERINGTHELIMITATIONOFTERI–GRIHACRITERIATHEGLOBALPRESSUREACTINGINWARDANDINDIA’SMORALOBLIGATIONTOREDUCETHEEMISSIONLEVELMAKESTHISSTUDYMUCHMORERELEVANTANDITADOPTSINTEGRATEDMODELINGBYCONSIDERINGENERGY–ECONOMY–ENVIRONMENTDYNAMICSTOGETHEROFCOMPUTABLEGENERALEQUILIBRIUMCGEMODELMETHODSTHEPRESENTEDMODELISPRIMARILYBASEDONTRIADOFENVIRONMENTENERGYECONOMYENVEEMMODELGURKAN2003INCONJUNCTIONWITHDENOVOAPPROACHOFENVIRONMENTALTAXATIONFORMERISDYNAMICCGEMODELINGBASEDONINTERACTIONAMONGTHETRIADSFIG1WHILETHELATTERISFORMULATIONOFINTEGRATIONOFTERIGUIDELINEWITHPROPOSEDENVIRONMENTALTAXATIONPOLICYFIG2CGEISTHEPRINCIPALANALYTICALTOOLOFFEREDFORCONDUCTINGECONOMICANALYSESOFENERGY,ECONOMYANDTHEENVIRONMENTTHEREEXISTTWOSIMULTANEOUSEQUILIBRIUMSOF‘GOVERNMENTTOPRODUCERS’AND‘PRODUCERSTOCONSUMERS’WITHSURROUNDINGPARAMETERSASINFIG1INFIRSTEQUILIBRIUM,SUPPLYOFCOMMODITYANDGREENTAXIMPOSITIONWITHREVENUEISANINPUTFROMVARIOUSSECTORSSUCHASENERGY,TECHNOLOGYMATRIXINTERMEDIATEGOODSETCWHILEINSECONDEQUILIBRIUMSUPPLYOFCAPITAL,LABORANDSUPPLYOFCOMMODITIESPLAYAKEYVARIABLEROLEENVEEMMODELINVOLVESPARALLELINTERACTIONOFCONSUMERTOGOVERNMENTVIAPRODUCERS,WHILE,PRODUCERISNERVECENTEROFTHEMODELINCORPORATINGNUMEROUSINFLOWSANDBIDIRECTIONALFLOWSFROMBOTHCONSUMERANDTHEGOVERNMENTEPICENTERSINTHEMEANPROCESS,IMPOSITIONOFINDIRECTGREENTAXESCOMESINTOTHEPICTUREFROMWHICHTERIBASEDMODELEVOLVESFIG1ENVEEMMODELFORIMPOSITIONOFINDIRECTGREENTAXESTHEENERGYRESEARCHINSTITUTECRITERIAAREPOINTBASEDTOTAL106ANDMANDATORY30ANDSOMEAREOPTIONALINNATURETHEREISADDITIONALSCOREBONUSFORCOVERINGTHESEASPECTSOFENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONTABLE1ASCHEMATICFLOWCHARTFIG2WASDEVELOPEDFORTHE

簡(jiǎn)介：QAYUMETALENVIRONSYSTRES2016523DOI101186/S4006801600741RESEARCHENVIRONMENTALTAXATIONBASEDINTEGRATEDMODELINGTOWARDSSUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONAPPROACHABDULQAYUM1,ANJANAGUPTA2,AKANKSHAGUPTA3ANDRAKESHARYA4ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGLOBALIZATIONANDRAPIDINDUSTRIALIZATIONWASINEVITABLEDURINGLATENINETEENTHCENTURYCONSIDERINGTHEDEMAND–SUPPLYDEFICITANDREQUIREMENTSOFEVOLVINGSOCIETIESHOWEVER,ATLATERSTAGETHESEFACTORSWEREMAPPEDTOBEMAJORREASONSFORTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONFURTHER,ATTHECOSTOFENVIRONMENTDEGRADATION,DEVELOPMENTANDECONOMICGROWTHCANNOTBEACHIEVEDTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEWORKISTODESIGNAGREENTAXATIONPOLICYTOMITIGATEHAZARDOUSENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFVARIOUSSECTORSANDTOVISUALIZETHEBENEFITSWHICHCANBRIDGETHESOCIOECONOMICDIVIDEPREVALENT,ESPECIALLYINDEVELOPINGNATIONSTHEAPPROACHISAMALGAMATIONOFEIABASEDAPPROACHONTHEENERGYRESEARCHINSTITUTECRITERIAANDENVIRONMENTENERGY,ECONOMYRESULTSINTEGRATEDMODELISBASEDONTHEPRINCIPLETHATTHETAXRATEHASTOBECOMMENSURATEWITHTHEENVIRONMENTALDAMAGESWHICHANYPROJECTCAUSESANDITWASFOUNDTHATBOTHECONOMICGROWTHANDENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONARESYNCHRONOUSGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTRELATEDPROJECTSCANNOTBECOMPROMISEDBECAUSEOFINCREASEDDEMANDSTHEREFORE,THEREHASTOBEFINEBALANCEBETWEENDEVELOPMENTANDCONSERVATIONCONCLUSIONSTHEPOLICIESMAYBEDESIGNEDONTHEMODELDISCUSSEDTOBRINGOUTOPTIMALCONTRIBUTIONOFINDUSTRYSECTORTOWARDSGENERATINGRESOURCESFORECONOMICGROWTHANDTOBRIDGESOCIOECONOMICDIVIDEGREENTAXATIONPROVESTOBEDETERRENTTOOLTOWARDSENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATIONANDOPTIMALENERGYUTILIZATIONKEYWORDSDENOVOAPPROACH,ENERGYECONOMYENVIRONMENT,ENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATION,ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT,GREENTAXATION,SOCIOECONOMICGROWTH?2016THEAUTHORSTHISARTICLEISDISTRIBUTEDUNDERTHETERMSOFTHECREATIVECOMMONSATTRIBUTION40INTERNATIONALLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BY/40/,WHICHPERMITSUNRESTRICTEDUSE,DISTRIBUTION,ANDREPRODUCTIONINANYMEDIUM,PROVIDEDYOUGIVEAPPROPRIATECREDITTOTHEORIGINALAUTHORSANDTHESOURCE,PROVIDEALINKTOTHECREATIVECOMMONSLICENSE,ANDINDICATEIFCHANGESWEREMADEBACKGROUNDITISWIDELYARGUEDTHATTHEREISHUGEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTPRESSUREAMONGDEVELOPINGNATIONSTOADDRESSINCREASEDNEEDOFTHEPEOPLE,WHERERESOURCESARESCARCENARULAANDDUNNING2000SCARCITYCOMPOUNDSTHEPRESSUREONENVIRONMENTDUETOMAXIMALUTILIZATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESAND,INDIAISNOTANEXCEPTIONASITISSECONDMOSTPOPULOUSCOUNTRYINTHEWORLDASPERANESTIMATE,ITISVERYLIKELYTOOVERPASSCHINABY2040TOOCCUPYTHEAPEXPOSITIONINTHEPOPULATIONPYRAMIDMCDEVITT1996ITISARGUEDTHATENERGYCONSUMPTIONVARIESDIRECTLYWITHPOPULATIONINCREASEJOHNANDPAUL1974INDIAWILLBEUNDERTREMENDOUSPRESSURETOINCREASEITSENERGYDEMANDTOMEETITSOVERRIDINGSOCIALANDECONOMICOBLIGATIONSDUETOBURGEONINGPOPULATIONTHEREFORE,ENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONBYMITIGATINGEFFECTSOFVARIOUSEFFLUENTSANDPOLLUTANTSBECOMESINEVITABLETAXATIONPROVEDTOBEADETERRENTTOWARDSREDUCINGTHEENERGYDEMANDBYIMPROVINGENERGYINTENSITYINEUROPE,FUELDEMANDWOULDHAVEBEENTWICEIFITHADNOTFOLLOWEDTHEPOLICYOFHIGHFUELTAXATIONSTERNER2007INEUROPEANUNIONEU,ITWASFOUNDTHATINDUSTRIESTHATREDUCEPOLLUTIONINCREASEITSRESOURCEPRODUCTIVITYANDSWITCHTORENEWABLESOURCESISHIGHLYENCOURAGEDINTURKEY,ASECONDDIVIDENDOFENVIRONMENTALTAXATION,THATISECONOMICBENEFITSINADDITIONTOENVIRONMENTALIMPROVEMENTS,SHOWSPOTENTIALWHENIMPORTEDFUELSAREPRIMARYSOURCEOFPOLLUTANTGURKAN2003THECONCEPTOPENACCESSCORRESPONDENCEAKANKS11_ISJJNUACIN3CENTREFORWESTASIANSTUDIES,JAWAHARLALNEHRUUNIVERSITY,NEWDELHI,INDIAFULLLISTOFAUTHORINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEATTHEENDOFTHEARTICLEPAGE3OF10QAYUMETALENVIRONSYSTRES2016523WHILE,PRODUCERISNERVECENTEROFTHEMODELINCORPORATINGNUMEROUSINFLOWSANDBIDIRECTIONALFLOWSFROMBOTHCONSUMERANDTHEGOVERNMENTEPICENTERSINTHEMEANPROCESS,IMPOSITIONOFINDIRECTGREENTAXESCOMESINTOTHEPICTUREFROMWHICHTERIBASEDMODELEVOLVESTHEENERGYRESEARCHINSTITUTECRITERIAAREPOINTBASEDTOTAL106ANDMANDATORY30ANDSOMEAREOPTIONALINNATURETHEREISADDITIONALSCOREBONUSFORCOVERINGTHESEASPECTSOFENVIRONMENTALCONSERVATIONTABLE1ASCHEMATICFLOWCHARTFIG2WASDEVELOPEDFORTHETAXATIONMETHODOLOGYANDISDERIVEDFROMENVEEMMODELFIG1WHICHTRIGGERSTHEINTRODUCTIONOFGTTOSTABILIZETHEDYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMOFPRODUCERWITHTHEGOVERNMENTWHILETERIMODELDESCRIBESTHEDETAILEDMETHODOFTAXATIONFORAPARTICULARINDUSTRYFORAPROJECT,EIAISDONEUSINGTERICRITERIAANDITISEVALUATEDAGAINSTTHEENVIRONMENTDAMAGESITHASCAUSEDORCAUSESDURINGANDPOSTCONSTRUCTIONPHASEPERCENTAGEADHERENCEOFAPROJECTTOTHELISTEDCRITERIAISALSOESTIMATEDUSINGAFACTOR‘X’WHICHWASCALCULATEDASCOMPLIANCEOFTHEPROJECTWITHTERICRITERIAOFGREENBUILDINGBASEDON‘X’TAXINCENTIVESAREGRANTEDASPERTHESCHEMATICFLOWCHARTFIG2REVENUEGENERATEDFROMADDITIONALGTPENALTYSHALLGOTOTHESOCIOECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDREVENUEFROMGTSHALLGOTOTHE‘GREENCLIMATEFUND’FORLONGTERMGOALSTHISWILLCOLLECTIVELYLEADTOBETTERGOVERNANCE,SUSTAINABLEGROWTHTARGETS,ANDWILLCATALYZETHEENDEAVORSFORBRIDGINGTHEEXPANDINGSOCIOECONOMICDIVIDESHOWCGEMODELISAPPLICABLEFORINDIATHEENVIRONMENTANDCLIMATECHANGEISSUESARENOTRESTRICTEDTOANYGEOGRAPHICALTERRITORYRATHERIT’SAGLOBALISSUEMOREOVER,TURKISHECONOMYISNOTMUCHDIFFERENTFROMTHEINDIANCOUNTERPARTCONSIDERINGTHEISSUETOBEGLOBALANDWITHOUTANYSPECIFICTURKISHECONOMYPARAMETERSUSEDINTHECGEMODEL,ITCANBEEXTENDEDTOINDIAASWELLWITHOUTLOSSOFANYGENERALITYHOWENVEEMCGMMODELISCONNECTEDWITHDE?NOVOTERI?BASEDAPPROACHTHEMODELDEALSWITHTHEDYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMOFENVEEMTRIADSECONOMICBENEFITSAREACCRUEDBECAUSEOFADOPTIONOFEFFICIENTENERGYWHICHLEADSTOENVIRONMENTIMPROVEMENTSPRIMAFACIE,THEBLINDINDUSTRIALIZATIONATTHECOSTOFENVIRONMENTALDAMAGECONTRIBUTESGOODECONOMICBENEFITITMAYBETRUEINSHORTTERMBUTTHISMODELFAILSMISERABLYINLONGRUNANDASPOSTINDUSTRIALIZATIONILLEFFECTSAREBIGGERDIVIDENDSTHEDYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMMUSTBEACCOUNTEDBYCONSIDERINGLONGTERMSUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENTALGOALSUNDERTHISCIRCUMSTANCE,GREENTAXATIONSHALLBEINTRODUCEDASEXTERNALVARIABLETOCONTROLINDISCRIMINATEUSEOFNATURALRESOURCESFORLONGERECOVIABLEBENEFITSITACTSASACATALYSTFORPRODUCERGOVERNMENTEQUILIBRIUMWHICHINTURNAFFECTSPRODUCER–CONSUMEREQUILIBRIUM,SIMULTANEOUSLYAND,GTISALSOAKEYBINDINGELEMENTFORTHESETWOMODELSTOWARDSDEVELOPINGTHEINTEGRATEDAPPROACHSUPPLYOFCOMMODITYSUPPLYOFCOMMODITYIMPOSITIONOFINDIRECTGTPRODUCERSGOVERNMENTCONSUMERIMPORTEDGOODSI/OMATRIXENERGYTECHNOLOGYMATRIXINTERMEDIATEGOODSSUPPLYOFCAPITAL,LABORFIG1ENVEEMMODELFORIMPOSITIONOFINDIRECTGREENTAXES

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