簡介:英文英文4500單詞,單詞,25500英文字符英文字符,中文,中文7700字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BERRYRI,KUMARA,SCOTTJPISINNOVATIONBEINGADDRESSEDINENTREPRENEURSHIPUNDERGRADUATEPROGRAMSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYJEDUCATIONRESEARCHINTERNATIONAL,2014,201425,ARTICLEA1517ISINNOVATIONBEINGADDRESSEDINENTREPRENEURSHIPUNDERGRADUATEPROGRAMSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYROBERTIBERRY,ANILKUMAR,ANDJAMESPSCOTTENTREPRENEURIALPROGRAMSHAVEEXPERIENCEDAPHENOMENALGROWTHINTHEPASTTWODECADESINTHISEXPLORATORYSTUDYTHEAUTHORSSURVEYUNDERGRADUATEENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSTOIDENTIFYCOURSESTHATAREBEINGOFFEREDBYTHESEPROGRAMSWITHTHEOBJECTIVEOFDETERMININGIFINNOVATIONISBEINGADDRESSEDINTHEPROGRAMSTHESTUDYEXPLORESINNOVATIONFROMBOTHSTARTUPANDCORPORATEPERSPECTIVESTOSEEIFINDUSTRYNEEDSAREBEINGMETBYACADEMIAFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSFOCUSONFUNCTIONALKNOWLEDGEANDANOPPORTUNITYEXISTSTOINCLUDECOURSESTHATADDRESSINNOVATION,DESIGN,INTELLECTUALPROPERTY,ANDSOCIALMEDIAFURTHERRESEARCHISNEEDEDTOALIGNMARKETNEEDSWITHACADEMICOFFERINGSINENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMS1INTRODUCTIONENTREPRENEURIALEDUCATIONSHOULDBEANENABLINGEDUCATIONTHATFOCUSESONINNOVATION,WHICHWEDEFINEASTHECREATIONOFNEWCAPACITIESFORWEALTHCREATIONDRUCKER1DEFINEDINNOVATIONAS“THESPECIFICTOOLOFENTREPRENEURS,THEMEANSBYWHICHTHEYEXPLOITCHANGEASANOPPORTUNITYFORADIFFERENTBUSINESSORADIFFERENTSERVICEITISCAPABLEOFBEINGPRESENTEDASADISCIPLINE,CAPABLEOFBEINGLEARNED,CAPABLEOFBEINGPRACTICED”PAGE17WEDEFINEINNOVATIONASTHEPROCESSOFCREATINGAPRODUCTORSERVICESOLUTIONTHATDELIVERSSIGNIFICANTNEWCUSTOMERVALUEJUSTBEINGANEWORINCREMENTALIMPROVEMENTBYITSELFISNOTINNOVATIONUNLESSTHEIDEAISCAPABLEOFCREATINGVALUEORCAPACITYFORWEALTHCREATIONENTREPRENEURSHIPISTHEEXPLOITATIONOFTHEINNOVATIONACTIVITIESINNOVATIONCREATESTHEPOTENTIALTOFUELECONOMICGROWTHINANATIONNEWPRODUCTS,SERVICES,ORREDESIGNEDPROCESSESTHATRESULTFROMINNOVATIONCREATENEWMARKETSORENHANCEEXISTINGMARKETSLEADINGTOECONOMICGROWTHSUSTAININGECONOMICGROWTHINANATIONCANBECHALLENGINGUNLESSTHEPOTENTIALTOINNOVATEISHARNESSEDINNOVATIONCANTAKEPLACEEITHERINASTARTUPORGANIZATIONORANEXISTINGORGANIZATIONTHATISWELLESTABLISHEDINTHEMARKETPLACESEE2,PAGE10WHILETHENUMBEROFSTARTUPSCREATEDCANBEUSEDTOESTIMATEINNOVATIONINSTARTUPS,ITISCHALLENGINGTODETERMINEINNOVATIONINESTABLISHEDORGANIZATIONSDATAFROMTHEKAUFFMANFOUNDATIONREPORTTITLEDKAUFFMANINDEXOFENTREPRENEURIALACTIVITYPUBLISHEDINAPRIL2013INDICATESTHAT300OUTOF100,000ADULTSCREATEDANEWBUSINESSEACHMONTHIN2012INTHEUNITEDSTATESTHISRATE,WHICHISASLIGHTDROPFROMTHE2008–2011PERIODS,ISATTHESAMELEVELWITHFINDINGSFROM2007ORGANIZATIONALINNOVATIONISDIFFICULTTOMEASUREASMONEYSPENTBYORGANIZATIONSONRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTMAYNOTNECESSARILYLEADTOINNOVATIVESOLUTIONSBOOZCOMPANY’SFINDINGSINTHEIRANNUALREPORT,THEGLOBALINNOVATION1000STUDYINDICATES,“WHATREALLYMATTERSISHOWTHOSERDFUNDSAREINVESTEDINCAPABILITIES,TALENT,PROCESSANDTOOLS”3IFINNOVATIONISTOCONTINUE,ITISIMPORTANTTHATACADEMICINSTITUTIONSAREPREPAREDFORTHISCHALLENGETHEREFORE,ENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSNEEDTOPROVIDETHESTUDENTSWITHTHEBASICBUSINESSSKILLSANDANUNDERSTANDINGOFINNOVATIONINORDERTOBUILDTHECAPACITYFORTHEEXPLOITATIONOFNEWBUSINESSOPPORTUNITIESTOADDRESSINNOVATIONNEEDSTHEREHASBEENANINTERESTINOFFERINGUNDERGRADUATEENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSBYHIGHEREDUCATIONINSTITUTIONSARECENTREPORTTITLEDTHEINNOVATIVEREQUIREDATECHNOLOGYCOURSE46WEREBASEDINTHEMIDWESTTECHNOLOGYCOURSESASANELECTIVEWEREMOSTPOPULARINTHEMIDWEST27FOLLOWEDBYNORTHEAST24ANDTHEWEST16TECHNOLOGYCOURSESGENERALLYHELPASTUDENTUNDERSTANDTHETRANSFORMATIVEANDDISRUPTIVEPOTENTIALOFDIGITALTECHNOLOGIESTHESECOURSESALSOHELPASTUDENTDEVELOPSKILLSTHATPERTAINTOCREATINGADIGITALPRESENCEOFTHE84PROGRAMSSURVEYEDFORTHISSTUDY,52OFFEREDATLEASTONECOURSEININNOVATIONINNOVATIONCOURSESPROVIDETHEFOUNDATIONALTHEORIESANDFRAMEWORKSTHATHELPSTUDENTSUNDERSTANDHOWTOCREATENEWPRODUCTSANDSERVICESFORTHEGLOBALMARKETPLACEENTREPRENEURIALPROGRAMSINTHEMIDWESTREGION28OFFERTHEMOSTCOURSESONINNOVATIONFOLLOWEDBYTHENORTHEAST23ATHIRD33OFTHEPROGRAMSOFFEREDATLEASTONECOURSEINCORPORATEINNOVATIONAGAIN,THEMIDWEST26LEDINOFFERINGTHECORPORATEINNOVATIONCOURSEFOLLOWEDBYTHENORTHEAST22ANDSOUTHEAST22CORPORATEINNOVATIONHELPSASTUDENTUNDERSTANDTHECOMPLEXITIESOFWORKINGWITHCROSSFUNCTIONALTEAMSINANORGANIZATIONTOCREATENEWPRODUCTSANDSERVICESORHOWTOIMPROVEORGANIZATIONALPROCESSESTHEDATASUGGESTSTHATENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSRELYONADEPARTMENTALAPPROACHWHENITCOMESTOCOURSEOFFERINGSALTHOUGHINNOVATIONANDTECHNOLOGYCOURSESOFFERTHEOPPORTUNITYTOANINSTRUCTORTOINTEGRATECONCEPTSFROMBUSINESSDISCIPLINES,MOSTDEPARTMENTALCOURSESFOCUSONTEACHINGBUSINESSSKILLSTHATEMPHASIZEFUNCTIONALKNOWLEDGEITISINTERESTINGTONOTETHATTHEREWERENOOFFERINGSTHATFOCUSONDESIGN,ACRITICALCONCEPTFORNEWPRODUCTORSERVICEOFFERINGSIMILARLYCOURSESTHATFOCUSONLEVERAGINGSOCIALMEDIAFORNEWVENTURESARENOTBEINGOFFEREDASREQUIREDCOURSESBYTHEPROGRAMSSURVEYED3FOCUSOFENTREPRENEURSHIPEDUCATIONINNOVATIONISCRITICALFORDRIVINGORGANIZATIONALGROWTHINBOTHSTARTUPSANDESTABLISHEDORGANIZATIONSWHILEINTHECASEOFSTARTUPSINNOVATIONHELPSINTRODUCESOMETHINGCOMPLETELYNEWINTHEMARKETPLACE,CORPORATEINNOVATIONREQUIRESTHECAPABILITYTOCREATEANDACQUIRENEWKNOWLEDGETHATBRINGSNEWIDEASTOTHEMARKETPLACEITISCLEARTHATBOTHSTARTUPSANDEXISTINGORGANIZATIONSNEEDANDVALUEINNOVATIONENTREPRENEURIALPROGRAMSNEEDTOHELPSTUDENTS
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簡介:RESEARCHARTICLEISINNOVATIONBEINGADDRESSEDINENTREPRENEURSHIPUNDERGRADUATEPROGRAMSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYROBERTIBERRY,ANILKUMAR,ANDJAMESPSCOTTCENTRALMICHIGANUNIVERSITY,MTPLEASANT,MI48859,USACORRESPONDENCESHOULDBEADDRESSEDTOROBERTIBERRYBERRY1RICMICHEDURECEIVED29APRIL2014ACCEPTED26JUNE2014PUBLISHED16JULY2014ACADEMICEDITORYISHUNWANGCOPYRIGHT?2014ROBERTIBERRYETALTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEDISTRIBUTEDUNDERTHECREATIVECOMMONSATTRIBUTIONLICENSE,WHICHPERMITSUNRESTRICTEDUSE,DISTRIBUTION,ANDREPRODUCTIONINANYMEDIUM,PROVIDEDTHEORIGINALWORKISPROPERLYCITEDENTREPRENEURIALPROGRAMSHAVEEXPERIENCEDAPHENOMENALGROWTHINTHEPASTTWODECADESINTHISEXPLORATORYSTUDYTHEAUTHORSSURVEYUNDERGRADUATEENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSTOIDENTIFYCOURSESTHATAREBEINGOFFEREDBYTHESEPROGRAMSWITHTHEOBJECTIVEOFDETERMININGIFINNOVATIONISBEINGADDRESSEDINTHEPROGRAMSTHESTUDYEXPLORESINNOVATIONFROMBOTHSTARTUPANDCORPORATEPERSPECTIVESTOSEEIFINDUSTRYNEEDSAREBEINGMETBYACADEMIAFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSFOCUSONFUNCTIONALKNOWLEDGEANDANOPPORTUNITYEXISTSTOINCLUDECOURSESTHATADDRESSINNOVATION,DESIGN,INTELLECTUALPROPERTY,ANDSOCIALMEDIAFURTHERRESEARCHISNEEDEDTOALIGNMARKETNEEDSWITHACADEMICOFFERINGSINENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMS1INTRODUCTIONENTREPRENEURIALEDUCATIONSHOULDBEANENABLINGEDUCATIONTHATFOCUSESONINNOVATION,WHICHWEDEFINEASTHECREATIONOFNEWCAPACITIESFORWEALTHCREATIONDRUCKER1DEFINEDINNOVATIONAS“THESPECIFICTOOLOFENTREPRENEURS,THEMEANSBYWHICHTHEYEXPLOITCHANGEASANOPPORTUNITYFORADIFFERENTBUSINESSORADIFFERENTSERVICEITISCAPABLEOFBEINGPRESENTEDASADISCIPLINE,CAPABLEOFBEINGLEARNED,CAPABLEOFBEINGPRACTICED”PAGE17WEDEFINEINNOVATIONASTHEPROCESSOFCREATINGAPRODUCTORSERVICESOLUTIONTHATDELIVERSSIGNIFICANTNEWCUSTOMERVALUEJUSTBEINGANEWORINCREMENTALIMPROVEMENTBYITSELFISNOTINNOVATIONUNLESSTHEIDEAISCAPABLEOFCREATINGVALUEORCAPACITYFORWEALTHCREATIONENTREPRENEURSHIPISTHEEXPLOITATIONOFTHEINNOVATIONACTIVITIESINNOVATIONCREATESTHEPOTENTIALTOFUELECONOMICGROWTHINANATIONNEWPRODUCTS,SERVICES,ORREDESIGNEDPROCESSESTHATRESULTFROMINNOVATIONCREATENEWMARKETSORENHANCEEXISTINGMARKETSLEADINGTOECONOMICGROWTHSUSTAININGECONOMICGROWTHINANATIONCANBECHALLENGINGUNLESSTHEPOTENTIALTOINNOVATEISHARNESSEDINNOVATIONCANTAKEPLACEEITHERINASTARTUPORGANIZATIONORANEXISTINGORGANIZATIONTHATISWELLESTABLISHEDINTHEMARKETPLACESEE2,PAGE10WHILETHENUMBEROFSTARTUPSCREATEDCANBEUSEDTOESTIMATEINNOVATIONINSTARTUPS,ITISCHALLENGINGTODETERMINEINNOVATIONINESTABLISHEDORGANIZATIONSDATAFROMTHEKAUFFMANFOUNDATIONREPORTTITLEDKAUFFMANINDEXOFENTREPRENEURIALACTIVITYPUBLISHEDINAPRIL2013INDICATESTHAT300OUTOF100,000ADULTSCREATEDANEWBUSINESSEACHMONTHIN2012INTHEUNITEDSTATESTHISRATE,WHICHISASLIGHTDROPFROMTHE2008–2011PERIODS,ISATTHESAMELEVELWITHFINDINGSFROM2007ORGANIZATIONALINNOVATIONISDIFFICULTTOMEASUREASMONEYSPENTBYORGANIZATIONSONRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTMAYNOTNECESSARILYLEADTOINNOVATIVESOLUTIONSBOOZCOMPANY’SFINDINGSINTHEIRANNUALREPORT,THEGLOBALINNOVATION1000STUDYINDICATES,“WHATREALLYMATTERSISHOWTHOSERDFUNDSAREINVESTEDINCAPABILITIES,TALENT,PROCESSANDTOOLS”3IFINNOVATIONISTOCONTINUE,ITISIMPORTANTTHATACADEMICINSTITUTIONSAREPREPAREDFORTHISCHALLENGETHEREFORE,ENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSNEEDTOPROVIDETHESTUDENTSWITHTHEBASICBUSINESSSKILLSANDANUNDERSTANDINGOFINNOVATIONINORDERTOBUILDTHECAPACITYFORTHEEXPLOITATIONOFNEWBUSINESSOPPORTUNITIESTOADDRESSINNOVATIONNEEDSTHEREHASBEENANINTERESTINOFFERINGUNDERGRADUATEENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSBYHIGHEREDUCATIONINSTITUTIONSARECENTREPORTTITLEDTHEINNOVATIVEANDENTREPRENEURIALUNIVERSITYHIGHEREDUCATION,INNOVATIONANDENTREPRENEURSHIPINFOCUSPUBLISHEDBYTHEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEINOCTOBER2013REPORTSTHATHINDAWIPUBLISHINGCORPORATIONEDUCATIONRESEARCHINTERNATIONALVOLUME2014,ARTICLEID839505,7PAGESHTTP//DXDOIORG/101155/2014/839505EDUCATIONRESEARCHINTERNATIONAL3020406080100TECHNOLOGYREQUIREDTECHNOLOGYELECTIVEINNOVATIONFINANCEMARKETINGMANAGEMENTCORPORATEINNOVATIONNOCOURSEONECOURSETWOCOURSESTHREEORMORECOURSESFIGURE2COURSESOFFEREDBYENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSORGANIZATIONTOCREATENEWPRODUCTSANDSERVICESORHOWTOIMPROVEORGANIZATIONALPROCESSESTHEDATASUGGESTSTHATENTREPRENEURSHIPPROGRAMSRELYONADEPARTMENTALAPPROACHWHENITCOMESTOCOURSEOFFERINGSALTHOUGHINNOVATIONANDTECHNOLOGYCOURSESOFFERTHEOPPORTUNITYTOANINSTRUCTORTOINTEGRATECONCEPTSFROMBUSINESSDISCIPLINES,MOSTDEPARTMENTALCOURSESFOCUSONTEACHINGBUSINESSSKILLSTHATEMPHASIZEFUNCTIONALKNOWLEDGEITISINTERESTINGTONOTETHATTHEREWERENOOFFERINGSTHATFOCUSONDESIGN,ACRITICALCONCEPTFORNEWPRODUCTORSERVICEOFFERINGSIMILARLYCOURSESTHATFOCUSONLEVERAGINGSOCIALMEDIAFORNEWVENTURESARENOTBEINGOFFEREDASREQUIREDCOURSESBYTHEPROGRAMSSURVEYED3FOCUSOFENTREPRENEURSHIPEDUCATIONINNOVATIONISCRITICALFORDRIVINGORGANIZATIONALGROWTHINBOTHSTARTUPSANDESTABLISHEDORGANIZATIONSWHILEINTHECASEOFSTARTUPSINNOVATIONHELPSINTRODUCESOMETHINGCOMPLETELYNEWINTHEMARKETPLACE,CORPORATEINNOVATIONREQUIRESTHECAPABILITYTOCREATEANDACQUIRENEWKNOWLEDGETHATBRINGSNEWIDEASTOTHEMARKETPLACEITISCLEARTHATBOTHSTARTUPSANDEXISTINGORGANIZATIONSNEEDANDVALUEINNOVATIONENTREPRENEURIALPROGRAMSNEEDTOHELPSTUDENTSUNDERSTANDBOTHPERSPECTIVESANDEQUIPTHEMWITHSKILLSETSTHATCANBEUSEDINEITHERTYPEOFORGANIZATIONSINTHISSTUDYOFTH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