簡介：譯文標(biāo)譯文標(biāo)題注塑成型的智能模具設(shè)計工具原文標(biāo)原文標(biāo)題INTELLIGENTMOLDDESIGNTOOLFORPLASTICINJECTIONMOLDING作者JAGANNATHYAMMADA,TERRENCELCHAMBERS,SURENNDWIVEDI譯名加甘納斯亞瑪達，特倫斯L錢伯斯和蘇倫N德維韋迪國籍美國原文出原文出處SUBMITTEDTOASME/JDSMCSPECIALISSUEONSENSORS摘要注塑成型是一個生產(chǎn)熱塑性塑料制品最流行的制造工藝，而模具設(shè)計是這個過程的一個重要方面。模具設(shè)計需要專業(yè)的知識、技能，最重要的是擁有該領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗。三者缺一不可。生產(chǎn)塑料組件需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)哪＞?，如果缺乏其中之一，這種選擇就得在反復(fù)試驗的基礎(chǔ)上進行。這會增加生產(chǎn)成本，并造成設(shè)計上的不一致。本文介紹了智能模具設(shè)計工具的發(fā)展。該工具捕獲模具設(shè)計過程的知識，并且以符合邏輯的方式將這些知識反映出來。所獲得的知識將是確定性的，但模具設(shè)計過程中的信息是非確定的。一旦開發(fā)了模具設(shè)計工具，它將指導(dǎo)使用者根據(jù)不同客戶的要求，為其塑料零件選擇合適的模具。導(dǎo)言注塑成型工藝過程需要專業(yè)的知識、技能，最重要的是需要它成功的實踐經(jīng)驗。通常是工藝參數(shù)控制過程的效率。在制造過程中，有效地控制和優(yōu)化這些參數(shù)能實現(xiàn)一致性，這種一致性會在零件質(zhì)量和零件成本上表現(xiàn)出來的問題。1智能化工程模塊注塑成型工藝（IKEM）基于知識的智能化工程模塊的注塑成型工藝（IKEM）是一種軟件技術(shù)，它領(lǐng)先在它的基本形式中模具設(shè)計工具是一個從文本文件中提取輸入的VISUALBASIC應(yīng)用程序，這種文本文件包含關(guān)于零件和用戶輸入程序。該文本文件包含來自PRO/E的一個信息文件的零件的幾何解析。輸入是用來估測模具得尺寸和其它各種特性。21文獻回顧模具設(shè)計的是另一種注塑成型過程的階段，有經(jīng)驗的工程師在很大程度上有助于自動化進程，提高其效率。這個問題需要注意的是深入研究設(shè)計模具的時間。通常情況下，當(dāng)設(shè)計工程師設(shè)計模具時，他們會參閱表格和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手冊，這會消耗大量的時間。另外，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的CAD軟件中需要大量的時間去考慮模具的建模組件。不同的研究人員已經(jīng)解決了縮短用不同的方式來設(shè)計模具所花費的時間的問題。凱爾奇和詹姆斯采用成組技術(shù)來減少模具設(shè)計時間。聚合一類注塑成型件的獨特的編碼系統(tǒng)和在注射模具中所需的工具已開發(fā)，它可以適用于其它產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)線。實施編碼系統(tǒng)的軟件系統(tǒng)也已經(jīng)被開發(fā)。通過獲取在這方面領(lǐng)域的工程師的經(jīng)驗和知識，嘗試直接使模具設(shè)計過程的自動化。并行模具設(shè)計系統(tǒng)的研究開發(fā)就是這樣的一個過程，在并行工程環(huán)境中試圖制定一個系統(tǒng)的注塑模具設(shè)計流程。他們的研究目標(biāo)是研制一個有利于并行工程實踐的模具開發(fā)的進程，和研制開發(fā)一個以知識為基礎(chǔ)的為注塑模具設(shè)計提供工藝問題和產(chǎn)品要求的輔助設(shè)計。通過各種方式獲取關(guān)于模具設(shè)計過程的確定信息和不確定信息，研究人員一直試圖使模具設(shè)計流程自動化。這個研究試圖研制開發(fā)一個獨特的模具設(shè)計應(yīng)用程序，它一確定性和不確定性兩種形式獲取信息。22采用的方法為了發(fā)展智能模具設(shè)計工具，傳統(tǒng)的模具設(shè)計方法在被研究。應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)人員和設(shè)計工程師合作設(shè)計一種特定塑料零件的模具。在此期間，被工程師采納用來選擇模底座的方法正在被地密切關(guān)注和篩選過程的各個方面，需要他的知識經(jīng)驗來確定。此外，有時候工程師將參考圖表和手冊以規(guī)范其甄選過程。這耗費時間的過程，稍后也被記錄在應(yīng)用程序中。系統(tǒng)的闡述依據(jù)輸入和輸出的應(yīng)用程序是下一階段。這涉及到如何定義什么養(yǎng)的模具布局信息是用戶最需要的，也是他輸入最少卻得到相同的輸出。根據(jù)在模具設(shè)計工作中收集到的信息，由工程師遵循的公約被轉(zhuǎn)化為IFTHEN規(guī)則。決策表是用來解釋各種可能出現(xiàn)的情況，它們是當(dāng)處理模具設(shè)計工程中某一特定的方面所提出的。這樣被制定規(guī)則，然后被組織在相互交融的模塊中，使用應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)環(huán)境。最后，應(yīng)用程序是檢驗其正確性，當(dāng)涉及到為塑料零件設(shè)計模具在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中。

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簡介：陜西理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計基于PRO/E少齒數(shù)（Z2）齒輪傳動的建模與研究王軍（陜理工機械工程學(xué)院機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化專業(yè)機自041班，陜西漢中723003）指導(dǎo)教師王保民摘要闡述了少齒數(shù)漸開線圓柱齒輪機構(gòu)的傳動特點,論述了漸開線和過渡曲線的方程推倒及其參數(shù)的確定,闡明了變位系數(shù)、螺旋角和幾何尺寸的確定及計算,從而奠定了少齒數(shù)漸開線圓柱齒輪機構(gòu)機構(gòu)學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。齒輪的參數(shù)化設(shè)計是提高齒輪建模效率的有效途徑,基于PRO/EWILDFIRE40平臺的參數(shù)化精確建模功能,通過編PRO/E的模型程序,實現(xiàn)了少齒數(shù)齒輪自動化建模設(shè)計,并且實現(xiàn)齒輪基本參數(shù)的改變自動生成新齒輪。該齒輪設(shè)計方法可使設(shè)計人員方便快捷地實現(xiàn)齒輪的三維特征造型設(shè)計,從而提高設(shè)計效率。關(guān)鍵詞坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換少齒數(shù)變位系數(shù)PROE軟件傳動仿真I目錄1前言111研究意義112少齒數(shù)齒輪現(xiàn)狀分析113齒輪成形技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀214PRO/ENGINEER22理論分析與研究階段理論分析與研究階段421理論基礎(chǔ)422坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換法推導(dǎo)齒輪齒廓線方程5211齒廓曲線普遍方程式的推導(dǎo)5222齒輪的漸開線的方程式求解7223齒輪的過渡曲線的方程式求解1123少齒數(shù)計算過程13231數(shù)據(jù)初定13232設(shè)計結(jié)果校核計算14233修正設(shè)計結(jié)果203三維建模三維建模222231軟件簡介22311PRO/ENGINEER軟件包22312PRO／ASSEMBLY安裝模塊2332參數(shù)化技術(shù)簡析2333齒輪的參數(shù)化建模設(shè)計24331零件分析24332繪制齒輪2534參數(shù)化問題分析324其他零件的設(shè)計建模其他零件的設(shè)計建模343441軸34

簡介：作者CHADRSNYDER,MEMBERFREDERICKIMOPSIK國籍AMERICA出處IEEETRANSACTIONSONINSTRUMENTATIONANDMEASUREMENTAPRECISIONCAPACITANCECELLFORMEASUREMENTOFTHINFILMOUTOFPLANEEXPANSION–PARTIIICONDUCTINGANDSEMICONDUCTINGMATERIALSABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHECONSTRUCTION,CALIBRATION,ANDUSEOFAPRECISIONCAPACITANCEBASEDMETROLOGYFORTHEMEASUREMENTOFTHETHERMALANDHYGROTHERMALSWELLINGEXPANSIONOFTHINFILMSITISDEMONSTRATEDTHATWITHTHISVERSIONOFOURCAPACITANCECELL,MATERIALSRANGINGINELECTRICALPROPERTIESFROMINSULATORSTOCONDUCTORSCANBEMEASUREDTHERESULTSOFOURMEASUREMENTSONPTYPEORIENTEDSINGLECRYSTALSILICONARECOMPAREDTOTHERECOMMENDEDSTANDARDREFERENCEVALUESFROMTHELITERATUREANDARESHOWNTOBEINEXCELLENTAGREEMENTINDEXTERMSCAPACITANCECELL,COEFFICIENTOFTHERMALEXPANSIONCTE,GUARDEDELECTRODE,HIGHSENSITIVITYDISPLACEMENT,INNERLAYERDIELECTRICS,POLYMERS,THINFILMSIINTRODUCTIONTHECOEFFICIENTOFTHERMALEXPANSIONCTEISAKEYDESIGNPARAMETERINMANYAPPLICATIONSITISUSEDFORESTIMATINGDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESANDTHERMALSTRESSMISMATCHESTHELATTERISOFGREATIMPORTANCETOTHEELECTRONICSINDUSTRY,WHERETHERMALSTRESSESCANLEADTODEVICEFAILUREFORACCURATEMODELINGOFTHESESYSTEMS,RELIABLEVALUESARENEEDEDFORTHECTETRADITIONALLY,DISPLACEMENTGAUGETECHNIQUESSUCHASTHERMOMECHANICALANALYSISTMAHAVEBEENUTILIZEDFORDETERMININGTHECTEHOWEVER,STANDARDTESTMETHODSBASEDONTHESETECHNIQUESARELIMITEDTODIMENSIONSGREATERTHAN100M12THISISM?PROBLEMATICFORMATERIALSWHICHCANBEFORMEDONLYASTHINLAYERSSUCHASCOATINGSANDCERTAININNERLAYERDIELECTRICSADDITIONALLY,THEREISSOMEQUESTIONASTOWHETHERVALUESONORIENTEDSINGLECRYSTALSAPPHIREANDA14THICKINNERLAYER32OALM?DIELECTRICMATERIAL10ITWASRECOGNIZEDINIITHATTHEDATAREDUCTIONWASSIMPLEASLONGASTHEAIRFILLINGTHEGAPBETWEENTHECAPACITORPLATESWASDRYHOWEVER,TOEXPANDTHEUTILITYOFTHECAPACITANCECELLTOHYGROTHERMALEXPANSIONIE,SWELLINGINAHUMIDENVIRONMENT,THETHIRDPAPERIIIDESCRIBEDTHEDATAREDUCTIONTECHNIQUESNECESSARYFORUSEOFTHECAPACITANCECELLUNDERHUMIDCONDITIONSFIG1SCHEMATICOFTHEELECTRODESNOTETHATTHESHADEDAREASCORRESPONDTOTHENICHROMECOATINGTHERESOLUTIONOFTHEINSTRUMENTWASDETERMINEDINIIANDIIIFORDRY,ISOTHERMALCONDITIONS,THECAPACITANCECELLCANMEASURERELATIVECHANGESINTHICKNESSONTHEORDEROF,FORA05MMTHICKSAMPLETHISCORRESPONDSTOARESOLUTIONONTHEORDEROF710?UNDERDRYCONDITIONSINWHICHTHETEMPERATUREISCHANGED,THEM11105??REPRODUCIBILITYOFARELATIVETHICKNESSCHANGEEG,FORCTEMEASUREMENTISONTHEORDEROFFINALLY,UNDERHUMIDCONDITIONS,THEULTIMATERESOLUTIONISPRIMARILYAFUNCTION610?OFTEMPERATURETHEACTUALVALUESOFWHICHAREGIVENINIII

簡介：1中文中文5200字本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文論文外文外文文獻翻譯文獻翻譯學(xué)院院化學(xué)與材料工程學(xué)院附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文31引言聚合物共混被廣泛用于開發(fā)新材料，要表現(xiàn)出良好的性能，取決于混合物成分的選擇。由于大多數(shù)聚合物共聚，它們的混合物具有能形成各種多相協(xié)同作用的性質(zhì)。在處理過程中聚合物組成的結(jié)構(gòu)取決于多種因素，如聚合物材料的性能（界面張力，流變性能），加工條件（剪切速率，攪拌時間）和使用材料的相對含量。聚合物形態(tài)類型在很大程度上決定物理共混物的性能，從而可以適當(dāng)控制達到理想的形態(tài)特性，在共混物的誘導(dǎo)作用中起關(guān)鍵作用。液滴/矩陣形態(tài)對于其它機械性能賦予有利的影響，所以高抗沖聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯，已被廣泛研究。共連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)也已經(jīng)引起了業(yè)界的廣泛的關(guān)注，因為它們有潛力，可以擴大應(yīng)用范圍。聚合物共混由于其相互關(guān)聯(lián)的性質(zhì)，所以共連續(xù)形態(tài)在導(dǎo)電性或滲透性兩個階段由于滲流而表現(xiàn)出很有趣的特性。在文獻中廣泛采用包括溶劑萃取法，顯微鏡和流變來確定共連續(xù)性形態(tài)和由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)構(gòu)。在過去十年中，廣泛的研究已經(jīng)證實納米對聚合物結(jié)構(gòu)有影響?，F(xiàn)在人們普遍接受在有納米粒子的存在下，如有機黏土和納米二氧化硅，液滴矩陣分散階段的形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移向更細(xì)的分散。納米填料的階段通常選擇性定位矩陣或相間，似乎是解釋這一現(xiàn)象的關(guān)鍵。已提供可能的解釋包括由于填料吸附在兩相接口的增容作用可以在兩種聚合物中降低界面張力。然而，當(dāng)填充駐留在矩陣時，這些機制顯然不占優(yōu)勢。在這種情況下，可能是由于粘土粒子和納米粒子分散良好的原因，另一方面，有相當(dāng)多的報道稱納米填料在各種混合組合中很少有利于形成共連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)。在某些情況下的導(dǎo)電填料，如碳碳納米管分散在共同連續(xù)的階段，是可行的，因為它對增加導(dǎo)電性能有利。由此可見，除了納米填料的物理性質(zhì)，化學(xué)性質(zhì)上有明顯效果的共混物，通過其結(jié)構(gòu)的控制，它們也可以產(chǎn)生更多的間接影響。用納米二氧化硅對聚丙烯和聚烯烴彈性體（POES）的熱塑性影響進行了調(diào)查，在PP基體中的納米二氧化硅選擇性分散。這種方法已被證明可以改良PP基體剛度，同時也能保持柔順性。此外，結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)納米二氧化硅定位在PP基體時，這些混合物的液滴矩陣形態(tài)更細(xì)。目前的工作重點在納米二氧化硅對共連續(xù)PP/POE共混體系組成和結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。眾所周知，結(jié)構(gòu)上的變化可以影響共混物的物理性能。

簡介：中文中文4220字畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯題目合成ΒMO2C薄膜和電子場發(fā)射13我們目的是用價格低廉的材料替代鉑族金屬來表面氫分離。這種材料合成的薄膜將有利于催化劑性能的基礎(chǔ)研究。許多技術(shù)已被用于沉積碳化鉬薄膜，包括化學(xué)氣相沉積（CVD），814，物理氣相沉積（PVD），9，11和電化學(xué)沉積。15MOC是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的，它有眾多的穩(wěn)定和亞穩(wěn)化合物和晶相。1416，相純度的控制一直是個難題，CVD和PVD兩種方法的制備中，薄膜通常包含混合富含碳的產(chǎn)物，它是一個復(fù)雜的依賴具體操作條件選測的過程。8，11，14與此相反，它的催化應(yīng)用制備所需的粉末狀ΒMO2C相。14，后來BOUDART和他的同事12開發(fā)出一種方法，加入H2稀釋的碳?xì)浠衔锊⒉捎贸绦蛏郎胤磻?yīng)或TPR的混合物轉(zhuǎn)換成高表面積MO2C密集的氧化鉬粉。MOO3轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镸O2C方法涉及MOO3的晶格中的氧碳替代，在反應(yīng)過程中有MO原子的微小位移。因為MO2C的摩爾體積比MOO3的摩爾體積小，微孔狀的氧化物轉(zhuǎn)換成碳化物。在適當(dāng)條件下的氧化鉬被轉(zhuǎn)換成MO2C過程中沒有形成金屬鉬作為反應(yīng)中間體。金屬燒結(jié)，避免使用這種方法，在物催化劑催化劑條件下，它可以準(zhǔn)備具有很高的表面積（5090平方米/克）。REBROVETAL5采用這方法，形成催化劑通過預(yù)氧化的鉬片滲碳涂料把它們應(yīng)用到水煤氣變換反應(yīng)。本實驗是合成純相的ΒMO2C未來研究模型催化劑層薄膜。下面我們介紹一個兩步合成方法。首先，采用等離子體增強化學(xué)氣相沉積法（PECVD）在MOF6/H2/O2混合物中使密集的氧化鉬薄膜沉積在硅片上。MOF6在這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)中是很獨特，以前的含鉬的化合物的反應(yīng)是用MO（CO）的1718或MOCL514，19來化學(xué)氣相沉積。用PECVD參數(shù)來描述氧化物的增長速度和質(zhì)量。使用的PECVD形成氧化物將產(chǎn)生在更廣泛的承印物上。薄膜通過TPR的催化條件轉(zhuǎn)化為ΒMO2C相。使用一套分析技術(shù)可將整個過程中膜的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)的演變進行了量化。2試驗一氧化氮合成在MOF6/H2/O2混合在一個電容耦合的PECVD系統(tǒng)中使氧化鉬薄膜沉積。采用類似PECVD反應(yīng)的化學(xué)的方法，用類似的氣體混合物（WF6/H2/O2）17，20已成功地應(yīng)用于合成的電致變色WO3的薄膜。鉬六氟化硫ACROSORGANIC,995VOL的分解容易，但是反應(yīng)過程中產(chǎn)生的氟自由基蝕刻膜是可逆的。為了解決這一問題，我們添加了氫的高頻電子流來除去氟原子形成。還提供氧氣過量，以形成充分的氧化膜。這里描述的所有方法是在常溫下進行的，并且電壓固定在200W。使用校準(zhǔn)的針閥控制MOF6生成，而電子質(zhì)量流量控制器控制氧氣和氫氣流速。該反應(yīng)的沉積壓力范圍為500?700毫托取決于機械泵（愛德華茲，E2M40）的控制。

簡介：1中文中文2701字DEEPDRAWINGWITHINTERNALAIRPRESSINGTOINCREASETHELIMITDRAWINGRATIOOFALUMINUMSHEETYOUNGHOONMOONT,YONGKEEKANG,JINWOOKPARK,SUNGRAKGONGENGINEERINGRESEARCHCENTERFORNETSHAPEANDDIEMANUFACTURING,PUSANNATIONALUNIVERSITYTHEEFFECTSOFINTERNALAIRPRESSINGONDEEPDRAWABILITYAREINVESTIGATEDINTHISSTUDYTOINCREASETHEDEEPDRAWABILITYOFALUMINUMSHEETTHECONVENTIONALDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSISLIMITEDTOACERTAINLIMITDRAWINGRATIOLDRBEYONDWHICHFAILUREWILLOCCURTHEINTENTIONOFTHISWORKISTOEXAMINETHEPOSSIBILITIESOFRELAXINGTHEABOVELIMITATIONTHROUGHTHEDEEPDRAWINGWITHINTERNALAIRPRESSING,AIMINGTOWARDSAPROCESSWITHANINCREASEDDRAWINGRATIOTHEIDEAWHICHMAYLEADTOTHISGOALISTHEUSEOFSPECIALPUNCHTHATCANEXERTHIGHPRESSUREONTHEINTERNALSURFACEOFDEFORMINGSHEETDURINGTHEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSOVERTHERANGESOFCONDITIONSINVESTIGATEDFORAI1050,THELOCALSTRAINCONCENTRATIONATPUNCHNOSERADIUSAREAWASDECREASEDBYINTERNALAIRPRESSINGOFPUNCH,ANDTHEDEEPDRAWINGWITHINTERNALAIRPRESSINGWASPROVEDTOBEVERYEFFECTIVEPROCESSFOROBTAININGHIGHERLDRKEYWORDSDEEPDRAWING,INTERNALAIRPRESSING,LIMITDRAWINGRATIOLDR,AI10501INTRODUCTIONALUMINUMALLOYSHEETSAREINFERIORINPRESSFORMABILITYCOMPAREDTOTHEMILDSTEELSHEETSMOSTOFTHEALUMINUMALLOYSHAVEANRVALUEPLASTICANISOTROPYVALUEBETWEEN07AND10NONETHELESS,EVENTHOUGHTHERVALUESFORTHEALUMINUMALLOYSAREONLYABOUTHALF3THISFORMINGLIMITDEPENDS,INADDITIONTOTHESHAPECHANGEANDPROCESSCONDITIONS,ONTHEABILITYOFAMATERIALTODEFORMWITHOUTFAILURETHELIMITINGDRAWINGRATIOLOR,ISCOMMONLYUSEDTOPROVIDEAMEASUREOFTHEDRAWABILITYOFSHEETMETAL,BEINGTHERATIOOFMAXIMUMBLANKDIAMETERTOPUNCHDIAMETERUNDERTHEDRAWINGLIMITWITHOUTFAILURETHOMASANDDADRAS,1981LEU,1997CHENANDSOWERBY,1996ITISWELLRECOGNIZEDTHATAHIGHPLASTICANISOTROPYVALUERVALUECLEARLYINDICATEDABETTERDRAWABILITY,BYINDUCINGAHIGHRESISTANCEOFASHEETTOTHINNINGBUTTHEREISNOSINGLEMATERIALPARAMETERWHICHSATISFACTORILYDESCRIBESTHEDRAWINGBEHAVIORINTHISWORK,THEEFFECTOFINTERNALPRESSINGONTHEFORMABILITYOFALUMINUMSHEETISINVESTIGATEDTOINCREASETHELOROFALUMINUMALLOYSFIGURE1ISASCHEMATICOFACUPDIE,SHOWINGTHEPUNCH,DIEANDBLANKHOLDER,ANDAPARTIALLYFORMEDCUPTHEPUNCHISONTHEDOWNSTROKEANDISJUSTBEGINNINGTODRAWTHESHEETMETALBLANKINTOTHEDIECAVITYIFTHEBLANKSIZEHASBEENCHOSENCORRECTLY,THEMETALWILLWORKHARDENSUFFICIENTLYTOOVERCOMETHECOMBINEDSTRENGTHOFTHEREMAINDEROFTHEBLANKMETALANDFRICTIONBETWEENITANDTHEBLANKHOLDERANDTHEPARTWILLBESUCCESSFULLYMADEHOWEVER,IFTHEBLANKISTOOLARGE,THEPARTWILLBREAKWHENTHETENSILESTRENGTHISEXCEEDEDTHEFIRSTDEFORMATIONOFTHEBLANKOCCURSBETWEENTHEDIERADIUSANDTHEPUNCHNOSERADIUSPART,SINCETHISISTHEPARTTHATISNOTSUPPORTEDBYFRICTIONWITHTHETOOLINGCOMPONENTSTHEMETALINTHISSECTIONISINCREASINGINAREAASITTHINSOUTANDLOSINGMUCH

簡介：中文中文5732字畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯學(xué)院機械電子工程學(xué)院專業(yè)過程裝備與控制工程姓名學(xué)號外文出處TRIBOLOGYINTERNATIONAL382005459～468附件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評語簽名年月日用外文寫2在本研究中，潤滑壓力場近似有限差分法，而活塞和氣缸的動態(tài)位移是由有限元與中心差分法測定成立。在潤滑油壓力的計算過程中，油膜的厚度保持不變，以避免高度非線性分析。通過數(shù)值試驗，我們研究了一系列重要的不同曲軸角度。2活塞潤滑運動學(xué)活塞潤滑運動學(xué)無環(huán)往復(fù)式壓縮機在家用冰箱使用的描繪圖如圖1（A），其中電機的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動通過曲軸和連桿轉(zhuǎn)化成活塞的往復(fù)運動。參考圖1（B），半徑為R和高度為H的活塞以速度VP在汽缸內(nèi)做往復(fù)運動。固定笛卡爾協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng)在氣缸內(nèi)表面中心的起始位置對齊，這樣使Y軸和氣缸中心軸、Z軸相一致，平行于活塞銷軸。冷卻氣體壓力PG高于活塞和向徑向間隙C內(nèi)供應(yīng)的潤滑油，同時標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓PA作用于活塞的下方。氣體壓力PG隨時間的變化是對曲軸角度12推導(dǎo)功能的解析。長度為L的連桿在活塞銷處與活塞和曲軸連接，以恒定的角速度Ω旋轉(zhuǎn)。一個往復(fù)循環(huán)起始于下止點，順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)一周后在同一點結(jié)束。為了計算潤滑壓力和連桿強度，應(yīng)先確定活塞速度和加速度。活塞銷的位置和固定曲軸中心之間的垂直距離YP由下式表示（1）22COSCOS/SINΦCOSΦPCCCYLΒRΒRLR使用曲軸和連桿之間的幾何關(guān)系（RCSINΦLSINΒ）是為了表示一系列曲軸角度Φ的運動學(xué)參數(shù)。然后，活塞的速度VP可以通過YP對時間的求導(dǎo)導(dǎo)出圖1無環(huán)往復(fù)式壓縮機（A）示意圖（B）活塞氣缸系統(tǒng)氣缸活塞連桿曲軸氣缸連桿曲軸活塞銷

簡介：中文中文8180字出處出處MECHANISMANDMACHINETHEORY,2007,422168182雙離合變速器換擋動力學(xué)及控制系統(tǒng)分析MANISHKULKARNI,TAEHYUNSHIM,YIZHANG密歇根州迪爾伯恩大學(xué)，機械工程系，美國迪爾伯恩48128摘要雙離合變速器（DCT）的換擋是通過由一個離合器向另一個離合器在沒有摩擦干擾的情況下傳遞力矩來實現(xiàn)的，而力矩的傳遞是由于控制了離合器的滑移。兩個離合器接合和分離的時機是實現(xiàn)一個穩(wěn)定流暢的換擋動作的決定性因素，并且在換擋時沒有動力中斷和離合器空閑時間同樣十分重要。這篇文章介紹了裝有雙離合自動變速器（DCT）汽車的換擋動力學(xué)模擬，分析和控制的分析實例。而整車的動態(tài)模型和邏輯控制是采用MATLAB/SIMULINK作為模擬平臺。這個模型被用于研究在換擋過程中不同離合器的壓力狀況而引起的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩變化情況。通過模型模擬，可以研究出對于最優(yōu)換擋品質(zhì)的化離合器最優(yōu)壓力狀況。作為一個數(shù)據(jù)案例，這個模型被應(yīng)用于一輛裝有雙離合器自動變速器的汽車上來模擬在開放性工作情況下的狀態(tài)。汽車的起動和換擋過程都在試驗中被模擬，由此來評估變速箱的換擋品質(zhì)和證實換擋控制的有效性。關(guān)鍵詞雙離合器動變速器；自動變速器１引言近年來在汽車制造業(yè)上，提高車輛駕駛的舒適性和燃油效率已經(jīng)成為了一個必然的趨勢。作為重要的傳動裝置，變速箱在車輛的工作情況和燃油燃耗效率方面起到了一個重要的作用。目前，市場上存在著許多種形式的變速器，并且與變速器相關(guān)的技術(shù)也為其在裝入車輛進行工作時提供了各種最優(yōu)的工作性能。手動變速器的燃油消耗效率占總體效率的962，它是各種變速器中燃油消耗效率最高的。而工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的自動擋變速器已經(jīng)被改進為燃耗效率不高于863。CVT無級變速器的燃耗效率占總體效率的846，然而CVT的主要優(yōu)點是允許發(fā)動機在最大燃耗效率下工作。AMT手自一體變速器與手動擋變速器有同樣的效率，并且與常規(guī)款的自動擋變速器同樣操作十分方便?，F(xiàn)在對于自動圖1DCT結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖圖2DCT動力學(xué)模型圖雙離合自動變速器的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖見圖1這種變速器有六個前進擋和一個倒退檔。輸入軸被設(shè)計為“套筒軸”，也就是在一個空心軸中間有另一個實心軸。在實心軸上安裝有二檔、四檔、六檔和倒檔的齒輪，而空心軸上裝有一檔、三檔和五檔的齒輪。離合器1CL1與奇數(shù)檔相連，離合器2（CL2）偶數(shù)檔相連。同步器與傳統(tǒng)手動擋變速器一樣，安裝在兩檔齒輪之間。當(dāng)?shù)竭_一個特殊檔位的時候，相應(yīng)的離合器和同步器就會被接合，這樣使得動力可以從發(fā)動機通過

簡介：中文中文6512字出處出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPRECISIONENGINEERINGANDMANUFACTURING,2010,1113947DEVELOPMENTOFA3AXISDESKTOPMILLINGMACHINEANDACNCSYSTEMUSINGADVANCEDMODERNCONTROLALGORITHMSKIMBS,ROSK,PARKJK1INTRODUCTIONASNEWFIELDSSUCHASITINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,BTBIOTECHNOLOGYANDNTNANOTECHNOLOGYEMERGEASADRIVINGFORCEINTHEINDUSTRY,THEINTERESTSINMICROFACTORYSYSTEMHAVEBEENGROWINGTHEMICROFACTORYISAMINIATURIZEDFLEXIBLEMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMWHICHCONSUMESMINIMALSPACEANDENERGYCOMPAREDTOTHECONVENTIONALONE,ANDITISDESIREDTOPRODUCEMICRO/MESOSIZEMECHANICALCOMPONENTSNECESSARYFORIT,BTANDNTAPPLICATIONSMAJORTECHNICALUNITSCONTRIBUTINGTOMICROMECHANICALMACHININGSYSTEMSARE,TONAMEAFEW,HIGHSPEEDSPINDLESYSTEMS,MICROHIGHPRECISIONFEEDINGSYSTEMS,CONTROLSYSTEMSTOGENERATECOORDINATEDMOTIONS,TOOLINGANDCHUCKINGSYSTEMS,FRAMEDESIGNANDMODULEALLOCATIONSCHEMESBASEDUPONOPTIMIZATIONFORHIGHSTIFFNESSRESEARCHERSHAVEBEENTRYINGTOPUTMICROTECHNOLOGIESTOGETHERTOBUILDMICROFACTORYSYSTEMSWHICHMAKEMICRO/MESOSIZEPRECISIONPARTSTOMEETTHENEEDSFROMTHEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY1INTHISPAPER,WEPRESENTAMINIATURIZED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEANDADEDICATEDCNCSYSTEMFORTHEMACHINETHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEISCONSTRUCTEDASONEOFMICROFACTORYMODULEANDDESIGNEDTOPRODUCEHIGHPRECISIONMICROPARTSITHASADESKTOPSIZEOF200300200MM3ANDISSERVINGASOURTESTBEDMACHINEFROMFINITEELEMENTANALYSISANDANIMPACTHAMMERTEST,WEHAVEVERIFIEDTHATITHASAGOODSTRUCTURALSTIFFNESSANDHIGHNATURALFREQUENCIESAHIGHSPEEDAIRTURBINESPINDLEONTHEHORIZONTALZAXISCANRUNATUPTO160,000RPMTHIS3AXISMILLINGMACHINEWASPUTUNDERREALMACHININGTESTSANDITSUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDITSMACHININGCAPABILITIESACNCSYSTEMWASDEVELOPEDFOROPERATIONOFTHE3AXISDESKTOPMILLINGMACHINETHECNCSYSTEMINCLUDESAGCODEINTERPRETERWHICHCANPROCESSABASICSETOFGCODESANDMCODESINREALTIMETHECNCSYSTEMCONSISTSOFTWOPARTSTHEONEISAGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEWHICHRUNSUNDERMICROSOFTWINDOWS,ANDTHEOTHERISADSPPROGRAMWHICHINTERPOLATESCOMMANDSANDEXECUTESAREALTIMESERVOCONTROLTWOPARTSCOMMUNICATEEACHOTHERTHROUGHADUALPORTRAMRANDOMACCESSMEMORYJOBASSIGNMENTSFORTHETWOPARTSAREDISCUSSEDINDETAILINTHISPAPERTOIMPROVETHEPERFORMANCEOFTHECNCSYSTEMFORTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEBEYONDTHETRADITIONALPIDTYPECONTROL,DIFFERENTCONTROLSCHEMESHAVEBEENTESTEDINCLUDINGH∞CONTROL,INPUTSHAPINGCONTROL,DISTURBANCEOBSERVERANDCROSSCOUPLEDCONTROLONTHE321STATICANDDYNAMICANALYSISFINITEELEMENTANALYSISWASDONETOINVESTIGATETHESTATICANDDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDESIGNED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEUSINGAFINITEELEMENTMODELASSHOWNINFIG3THECOMPUTATIONALRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEDEFLECTIONDUETOITSOWNWEIGHTWASNEGLIGIBLEWHENA10NFORCEWASLOCATEDATTHEMACHININGPOSITIONINZDIRECTION,THENUMERICALRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEDISPLACEMENTCHANGEATTHEWORKTABLEWOULDBEABOUT007,ANDTHEBACKFAMEWOULDUNDERGOLESSTHAN002DEFLECTIONINZDIRECTIONITSEEMSTHATTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEHASGOODSTIFFNESSDUETOGOODFRAMEDESIGNANDAPAIROFSMALLLMGUIDESSUPPORTINGEACHXANDYDIRECTIONTHEMODALANALYSISREVEALEDMANYIMPORTANTDYNAMICMODESOFTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEWEUSEDTHEIMPACTHAMMERTESTTOVERIFYTHECOMPUTEDNATURALFREQUENCIESTHEMEASUREDNATURALFREQUENCIESDONOTEXACTLYMATCHTHECOMPUTEDONES,BUTTHEINDICATEDFREQUENCYRANGEFROMTHEFINITEELEMENTMODALANALYSISWASSIMILARTOTHATFROMTHEIMPACTHAMMERTESTFIG4ANDTABLE1SHOWTHEMEASUREDNATURALFREQUENCIESANDCORRESPONDINGFREQUENCYRESPONSEFUNCTIONOFTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEITCANBESEENTHATTHENATURALFREQUENCIESOFZAXISSTAGE,WHICHISSUPPOSEDTOBELOWINSTIFFNESSDUETOITSAIRBEARING,LOCATEATARANGEOF250390HZTHENATURALFREQUENCYOFTHEXYSTAGESHOWSATABOUT400AND710HZAND,FORTHEBACKFRAME,ITISAROUND440AND640HZITSEEMSTHATTHEDESIGNEDMINIATURIZED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEHASHIGHERNATURALFREQUENCIESTHANCONVENTIONALMACHINETOOLS

簡介：1附錄附錄1英文原文SELECTIONOFOPTIMUMTOOLGEOMETRYANDCUTTINGCONDITIONSUSINGASURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELFORENDMILLINGABSTRACTINFLUENCEOFTOOLGEOMETRYONTHEQUALITYOFSURFACEPRODUCEDISWELLKNOWNANDHENCEANYATTEMPTTOASSESSTHEPERFORMANCEOFENDMILLINGSHOULDINCLUDETHETOOLGEOMETRYINTHEPRESENTWORK,EXPERIMENTALSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTOSEETHEEFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYRADIALRAKEANGLEANDNOSERADIUSANDCUTTINGCONDITIONSCUTTINGSPEEDANDFEEDRATEONTHEMACHININGPERFORMANCEDURINGENDMILLINGOFMEDIUMCARBONSTEELTHEFIRSTANDSECONDORDERMATHEMATICALMODELS,INTERMSOFMACHININGPARAMETERS,WEREDEVELOPEDFORSURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONUSINGRESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYRSMONTHEBASISOFEXPERIMENTALRESULTSTHEMODELSELECTEDFOROPTIMIZATIONHASBEENVALIDATEDWITHTHECHISQUARETESTTHESIGNIFICANCEOFTHESEPARAMETERSONSURFACEROUGHNESSHASBEENESTABLISHEDWITHANALYSISOFVARIANCEANATTEMPTHASALSOBEENMADETOOPTIMIZETHESURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELUSINGGENETICALGORITHMSGATHEGAPROGRAMGIVESMINIMUMVALUESOFSURFACEROUGHNESSANDTHEIRRESPECTIVEOPTIMALCONDITIONS1INTRODUCTIONENDMILLINGISONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDMETALREMOVALOPERATIONSININDUSTRYBECAUSEOFITSABILITYTOREMOVEMATERIALFASTERGIVINGREASONABLYGOODSURFACEQUALITYITISUSEDINAVARIETYOFMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRIESINCLUDINGAEROSPACEANDAUTOMOTIVESECTORS,WHEREQUALITYISANIMPORTANTFACTORINTHEPRODUCTIONOFSLOTS,POCKETS,PRECISIONMOULDSANDDIESGREATERATTENTIONISGIVENTODIMENSIONALACCURACYANDSURFACEROUGHNESSOFPRODUCTSBYTHEINDUSTRYTHESEDAYSMOREOVER,SURFACEFINISHINFLUENCESMECHANICALPROPERTIESSUCHASFATIGUEBEHAVIOUR,WEAR,CORROSION,LUBRICATIONANDELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITYTHUS,MEASURINGANDCHARACTERIZINGSURFACEFINISHCANBECONSIDEREDFORPREDICTINGMACHININGPERFORMANCESURFACEFINISHRESULTINGFROMTURNINGOPERATIONSHASTRADITIONALLYRECEIVEDCONSIDERABLERESEARCHATTENTION,WHEREASTHATOFMACHININGPROCESSESUSINGMULTIPOINTCUTTERS,REQUIRESATTENTIONBYRESEARCHERSASTHESEPROCESSESINVOLVELARGENUMBEROFPARAMETERS,ITWOULDBEDIFFICULTTOCORRELATESURFACEFINISHWITHOTHERPARAMETERSJUSTBYCONDUCTINGEXPERIMENTSMODELLINGHELPSTOUNDERSTANDTHISKINDOFPROCESSBETTERTHOUGHSOMEAMOUNTOFWORKHASBEENCARRIEDOUTTODEVELOPSURFACEFINISHPREDICTIONMODELSINTHEPAST,THEEFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYHASRECEIVEDLITTLEATTENTIONHOWEVER,THERADIALRAKEANGLEHASAMAJORAFFECTONTHE3ALTHOUGHTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMREGARDINGTHESURFACEROUGHNESSWASLARGEBAYOUMIETAL4HAVESTUDIEDTHEAFFECTOFTHETOOLROTATIONANGLE,FEEDRATEANDCUTTINGSPEEDONTHEMECHANISTICPROCESSPARAMETERSPRESSURE,FRICTIONPARAMETERFORENDMILLINGOPERATIONWITHTHREECOMMERCIALLYAVAILABLEWORKPIECEMATERIALS,11L17FREEMACHININGSTEEL,62353FREEMACHININGBRASSAND2024ALUMINIUMUSINGASINGLEFLUTEDHSSMILLINGCUTTERITHASBEENFOUNDTHATPRESSUREANDFRICTIONACTONTHECHIP–TOOLINTERFACEDECREASEWITHTHEINCREASEOFFEEDRATEANDWITHTHEDECREASEOFTHEFLOWANGLE,WHILETHECUTTINGSPEEDHASANEGLIGIBLEEFFECTONSOMEOFTHEMATERIALDEPENDENTPARAMETERSPROCESSPARAMETERSARESUMMARIZEDINTOEMPIRICALEQUATIONSASFUNCTIONSOFFEEDRATEANDTOOLROTATIONANGLEFOREACHWORKMATERIALHOWEVER,RESEARCHERSHAVENOTTAKENINTOACCOUNTTHEEFFECTSOFCUTTINGCONDITIONSANDTOOLGEOMETRYSIMULTANEOUSLYBESIDESTHESESTUDIESHAVENOTCONSIDEREDTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFTHECUTTINGPROCESSASENDMILLINGISAPROCESSWHICHINVOLVESALARGENUMBERFPARAMETERS,COMBINEDINFLUENCEOFTHESIGNIFICANTPARAMETERSANONLYBEOBTAINEDBYMODELLINGMANSOURANDABDALLAETAL5HAVEDEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSMODELFORTHEENDMILLINGOFEN32MASEMIFREECUTTINGCARBONCASEHARDENINGSTEELWITHIMPROVEDMERCHANTABILITYTHEMATHEMATICALMODELHASBEENDEVELOPEDINTERMSOFCUTTINGSPEED,FEEDRATEANDAXIALDEPTHOFCUTTHEAFFECTOFTHESEPARAMETERSONTHESURFACEROUGHNESSHASBEENCARRIEDOUTUSINGRESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYRSMAFIRSTORDEREQUATIONCOVERINGTHESPEEDRANGEOF30–35M/MINANDASECONDORDEREQUATIONCOVERINGTHESPEEDRANGEOF24–38M/MINWEREDEVELOPEDUNDERDRYMACHININGCONDITIONSALAUDDINETAL6DEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSMODELUSINGRSMFORTHEENDMILLINGOF190BHNSTEELFIRSTANDSECONDORDERMODELSWERECONSTRUCTEDALONGWITHCONTOURGRAPHSFORTHESELECTIONOFTHEPROPERCOMBINATIONOFCUTTINGSPEEDANDFEEDTOINCREASETHEMETALREMOVALRATEWITHOUTSACRIFICINGSURFACEQUALITYHASMIETAL7ALSOUSEDTHERSMMODELFORASSESSINGTHEINFLUENCEOFTHEWORKPIECEMATERIALONTHESURFACEROUGHNESSOFTHEMACHINEDSURFACESTHEMODELWASDEVELOPEDFORMILLINGOPERATIONBYCONDUCTINGEXPERIMENTSONSTEELSPECIMENSTHEEXPRESSIONSHOWS,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESURFACEROUGHNESSANDTHEVARIOUSPARAMETERSNAMELY,THECUTTINGSPEED,FEEDANDDEPTHOFCUTTHEABOVEMODELSHAVENOTCONSIDEREDTHEAFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYONSURFACEROUGHNESSSINCETHETURNOFTHECENTURYQUITEALARGENUMBEROFATTEMPTSHAVEBEENMADETOFINDOPTIMUMVALUESOFMACHININGPARAMETERSUSESOFMANYMETHODSHAVEBEENREPORTEDINTHELITERATURETOSOLVEOPTIMIZATIONPROBLEMSFORMACHININGPARAMETERSJAINANDJAIN8HAVEUSEDNEURALNETWORKSFORMODELINGANDOPTIMIZINGTHEMACHININGCONDITIONSTHERESULTSHAVEBEENVALIDATEDBYCOMPARINGTHEOPTIMIZEDMACHININGCONDITIONSOBTAINEDUSINGGENETICALGORITHMSSURESHETAL9HAVEDEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELFORTURNINGMILDSTEELUSINGARESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYTOPRODUCETHEFACTORAFFECTSOFTHEINDIVIDUALPROCESS

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙共頁第1頁┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊裝┊┊┊┊┊訂┊┊┊┊┊線┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊MULTIDOMAINSIMULATIONMECHANICSANDHYDRAULICSOFANEXCAVATORABSTRACTITISDEMONSTRATEDHOWTOMODELANDSIMULATEANEXCAVATORWITHMODELICAANDDYMOLABYUSINGMODELICALIBRARIESFORMULTIBODYANDFORHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMISCONTROLLEDBYA“LOADSENSING”CONTROLLERUSUALLY,MODELSCONTAINING3DIMENSIONALMECHANICALANDHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSAREDIFFICULTTOSIMULATEATHANDOFTHEEXCAVATORITISSHOWNTHATMODELICAISWELLSUITEDFORSUCHKINDSOFSYSTEMSIMULATIONS1INTRODUCTIONTHEDESIGNOFANEWPRODUCTREQUIRESANUMBEROFDECISIONSINTHEINITIALPHASETHATSEVERELYAFFECTTHESUCCESSOFTHEFINISHEDMACHINETODAY,DIGITALSIMULATIONISTHEREFOREUSEDINEARLYSTAGESTOLOOKATDIFFERENTCONCEPTSTHEVIEWOFTHISPAPERISTHATANEWEXCAVATORISTOBEDESIGNEDANDSEVERALCANDIDATESOFHYDRAULICCONTROLSYSTEMSHAVETOBEEVALUATEDSYSTEMSTHATCONSISTOF3DIMENSIONALMECHANICALANDOFHYDRAULICCOMPONENTS–LIKEEXCAVATORS–AREDIFFICULTTOSIMULATEUSUALLY,TWODIFFERENTSIMULATIONENVIRONMENTSHAVETOBECOUPLEDTHISISOFTENINCONVENIENT,LEADSTOUNNECESSARYNUMERICALPROBLEMSANDHASFRAGILEINTERFACESINTHISARTICLEITISDEMONSTRATEDATHANDOFTHEMODELOFANEXCAVATORTHATMODELICAISWELLSUITEDFORTHESETYPESOFSYSTEMSTHE3DIMENSIONALCOMPONENTSOFTHEEXCAVATORAREMODELEDWITHTHENEW,FREEMODELICAMULTIBODYLIBRARYTHISALLOWSESPECIALLYTOUSEANANALYTICSOLUTIONOFTHEKINEMATICLOOPATTHEBUCKETANDTOTAKETHEMASSESOFTHEHYDRAULICCYLINDERS,IE,THE“FORCEELEMENTS”,DIRECTLYINTOACCOUNTTHEHYDRAULICPARTISMODELEDINADETAILEDWAY,UTILIZINGPUMP,VALVESANDCYLINDERSFROMHYLIB,AHYDRAULICSLIBRARYFORMODELICAFORTHECONTROLPARTAGENERIC“LOADSENSING”CONTROLSYSTEMISUSED,MODELEDBYASETOFSIMPLEEQUATIONSTHISAPPROACHGIVESTHEREQUIREDRESULTSANDKEEPSTHETIMENEEDEDFORANALYZINGTHEPROBLEMONAREASONABLELEVEL2MODELINGCHOICESTHEREARESEVERALAPPROACHESWHENSIMULATINGASYSTEMDEPENDINGONTHETASKITMAYBENECESSARYTOBUILDAVERYPRECISEMODEL,CONTAININGEVERYDETAILOFTHESYSTEMANDNEEDINGALOTOFINFORMATION,EG,MODELPARAMETERSTHISKINDOFMODELSISEXPENSIVETOBUILDUPBUTONTHEOTHERHANDVERYUSEFULIFPARAMETERSOFAWELLDEFINEDSYSTEMHAVETOBEMODIFIEDATYPICALEXAMPLEISTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFPARAMETERSOFACOUNTERBALANCEVALVEINANEXCAVATORKRAFT1996THEOTHERKINDOFMODELISNEEDEDFORAFIRSTSTUDYOFASYSTEMINTHISCASESOMEPROPERTIESOFTHEPUMP,CYLINDERSANDLOADSARESPECIFIEDREQUIREDISINFORMATIONABOUTTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHATSYSTEM,EG,THESPEEDOFTHEPISTONSORTHENECESSARYINPUTPOWERATTHEPUMPSHAFT,TOMAKEADECISIONWHETHERTHISDESIGNCANBEUSEDINPRINCIPLEFORTHETASKATHANDTHISMODELHASTHEREFORETOBE“CHEAP”,IE,ITMUSTBEPOSSIBLETOBUILDITINASHORTTIMEWITHOUTDETAILEDKNOWLEDGEOFPARTICULARCOMPONENTSTHEAUTHORSINTENDEDTOBUILDUPAMODELOFTHESECONDTYPE,RUNITANDHAVEFIRSTRESULTSWITHAMINIMUMAMOUNTOFTIMESPENTTOACHIEVETHISGOALTHEMODELINGLANGUAGEMODELICAMODELICA2002,THEMODELICASIMULATIONENVIRONMENTDYMOLADYMOLA2003,THENEWMODELICALIBRARYFOR3DIMENSIONALMECHANICALSYSTEMS“MULTIBODY”O(jiān)TTERETAL2003ANDTHEMODELICALIBRARYOFHYDRAULICCOMPONENTSHYLIBBEATER2000WASUSEDTHEMODELCONSISTSOFTHE3DIMENSIONALMECHANICALCONSTRUCTIONOFTHEEXCAVATOR,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPOWERHYDRAULICSANDAGENERIC“LOADSENSING”CONTROLLERTHISMODELWILLBEAVAILABLEASADEMOINTHENEXTVERSIONOFHYLIB3CONSTRUCTIONOFEXCAVATORSINFIGURE1ASCHEMATICDRAWINGOFATYPICALEXCAVATORUNDERCONSIDERATIONISSHOWNITCONSISTSOFACHAINTRACKANDTHEHYDRAULICPROPELDRIVEWHICHISUSEDTOMANOEUVRETHEMACHINEBUTUSUALLYNOTDURINGAWORKCYCLEONTOPOFTHATISACARRIAGEWHERETHEOPERATORISSITTINGITCANROTATEAROUNDAVERTICALAXISWITHRESPECTTOTHECHAINTRACKITALSOHOLDSTHEDIESELENGINE,THEHYDRAULICPUMPSANDCONTROLSYSTEMFURTHERMORE,THEREISABOOM,ANARMANDATTHEENDABUCKETWHICHISATTACHEDVIAAPLANARKINEMATICLOOPTOTHEARMBOOM,ARMANDBUCKETCANBEROTATEDBYTHEAPPROPRIATECYLINDERS畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）報告紙共頁第3頁┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊裝┊┊┊┊┊訂┊┊┊┊┊線┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ORIENTATIONOFTHEATTACHMENTPOINTSOFTHE“LEFT”AND“RIGHT”REVOLUTEJOINTSOFTHEJOINTRRRCOMPONENTAREKNOWNTHEREISANONLINEARALGEBRAICLOOPINTHEJOINTRRRCOMPONENTTOCOMPUTETHEANGLESOFITSTHREEREVOLUTEJOINTSGIVENTHEMOVEMENTOFTHESEATTACHMENTPOINTSTHISNONLINEARSYSTEMOFEQUATIONSISSOLVEDANALYTICALLYINTHEJOINTRRROBJECT,IE,INAROBUSTANDEFFICIENTWAYFORDETAILSSEEINAFIRSTSTEP,THEMECHANICALPARTOFTHEEXCAVATORISSIMULATEDWITHOUTTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMTOTESTTHISPARTSEPARATLYTHISISPERFORMEDBYATTACHINGTRANSLATIONALSPRINGSWITHAPPROPRIATESPRINGCONSTANTSINSTEADOFTHEHYDRAULICCYLINDERSAFTERTHEANIMATIONLOOKSFINEANDTHEFORCESANDTORQUESINTHEJOINTSHAVETHEEXPECTEDSIZE,THESPRINGSAREREPLACEDBYTHEHYDRAULICSYSTEMDESCRIBEDINTHENEXTSECTIONSALLCOMPONENTSOFTHENEWMULTIBODYLIBRARYHAVE“BUILTIN”ANIMATIONDEFINITIONS,IE,ANIMATIONPROPERTIESAREMOSTLYDEDUCEDBYDEFAULTFROMTHEGIVENDEFINITIONOFTHEMULTIBODYSYSTEMFOREXAMPLE,ARODCONNECTINGTWOREVOLUTEJOINTSISBYDEFAULTVISUALIZEDASCYLINDERWHERETHEDIAMETERDISAFRACTIONOFTHECYLINDERLENGTHLDL/40WHICHISINTURNGIVENBYTHEDISTANCEOFTHETWOREVOLUTEJOINTSAREVOLUTEJOINTISBYDEFAULTVISUALIZEDBYAREDCYLINDERDIRECTEDALONGTHEAXISOFROTATIONOFTHEJOINTTHEDEFAULTANIMATIONWITHONLYAFEWMINORADAPTATIONSOFTHEEXCAVATORISSHOWNIFFIGURE8THELIGHTBLUESPHERESCHARACTERIZETHECENTEROFMASSOFBODIESTHELINEFORCEELEMENTSTHATVISUALIZETHEHYDRAULICCYLINDERSAREDEFINEDBYTWOCYLINDERSYELLOWANDGREYCOLORTHATAREMOVINGINEACHOTHERASCANBESEEN,THEDEFAULTANIMATIONISUSEFULTOGET,WITHOUTEXTRAWORKFROMTHEUSERSIDE,AROUGHPICTUREOFTHEMODELTHATALLOWSTOCHECKTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPROPERTIESVISUALLY,EG,WHETHERTHECENTEROFMASSESORATTACHMENTPOINTSAREATTHEEXPECTEDPLACESFOREVERYCOMPONENTTHEDEFAULTANIMATIONCANBESWITCHEDOFFVIAABOOLEANFLAGREMOVINGAPPROPRIATEDEFAULTANIMATIONS,SUCHASTHE“CENTEROFMASSSPHERES”,ANDADDINGSOMECOMPONENTSTHATHAVEPUREVISUALINFORMATIONALLVISXXXCOMPONENTSINTHESCHEMATICOFFIGURE6GIVESQUICKLYANICERANIMATION,ASISDEMONSTRATEDINFIGURE9ALSOCADDATACOULDBEUTILIZEDFORTHEANIMATION,BUTTHISWASNOTAVAILABLEFORTHEEXAMINATIONOFTHISEXCAVATOR6THEHYDRAULICSLIBRARYHYLIBTHECOMMERCIALMODELICALIBRARYHYLIBBEATER2000,HYLIB2003ISUSEDTOMODELTHEPUMP,METERINGORIFICE,LOADCOMPENSATORANDCYLINDEROFTHEHYDRAULICCIRCUITALLTHESECOMPONENTSARESTANDARDCOMPONENTSFORHYDRAULICCIRCUITSANDCANBEOBTAINEDFROMMANYMANUFACTURERSMODELSOFALLOFTHEMARECONTAINEDINHYLIBTHESEMATHEMATICALMODELSINCLUDEBOTHSTANDARDTEXTBOOKMODELSEGDRANSFIELD1981,MERRIT1967,VIERSMA1980ANDTHEMOSTADVANCEDPUBLISHEDMODELSTHATTAKETHEBEHAVIOROFREALCOMPONENTSINTOACCOUNTSCHULZ1979,WILL1968ANEXAMPLEISTHEGENERALPUMPMODELWHERETHEOUTPUTFLOWISREDUCEDIFPRESSUREATTHEINLETPORTFALLSBELOWATMOSPHERICPRESSURENUMERICALPROPERTIESWEREALSOCONSIDEREDWHENSELECTINGAMODELBEATER1999ONEPOINTWORTHMENTIONINGISTHEFACTTHATALLMODELSCANBEVIEWEDATSOURCECODELEVELANDAREDOCUMENTEDBYAPPROX100REFERENCESFROMEASILYAVAILABLELITERATUREAFTEROPENINGTHELIBRARY,THEMAINWINDOWISDISPLAYEDFIGURE10ADOUBLECLICKONTHE“PUMPS”ICONOPENSTHESELECTIONFORALLCOMPONENTSTHATARENEEDEDTOORIGINATEORENDANOILFLOWFIGURE11FORTHEPROBLEMATHAND,AHYDRAULICFLOWSOURCEWITHINTERNALLEAKAGEANDEXTERNALLYCOMMANDEDFLOWRATEISUSEDSIMILARLYTHENEEDEDMODELSFORTHEVALVES,CYLINDERSANDOTHERCOMPONENTSARECHOSENALLCOMPONENTSAREMODELEDHIERARCHICALLYSTARTINGWITHADEFINITIONOFACONNECTOR–APORTWERETHEOILENTERSORLEAVESTHECOMPONENT–ATEMPLATEFORCOMPONENTSWITHTWOPORTSISWRITTENTHISCANBEINHERITEDFORIDEALMODELS,EG,ALAMINARRESISTANCEORAPRESSURERELIEFVALVEWHILEITUSUALLYMAKESSENSETOUSETEXTUALINPUTFORTHESEBASICMODELSMOSTOFTHEMAINLIBRARYMODELSWEREPROGRAMMEDGRAPHICALLY,IE,COMPOSEDFROMBASICLIBRARYMODELSUSINGTHEGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEFIGURE12GIVESANEXAMPLEOFGRAPHICALPROGRAMMINGALLMENTIONEDCOMPONENTSWERECHOSENFROMTHELIBRARYANDTHENGRAPHICALLYCONNECTED7LIBRARYCOMPONENTSINHYDRAULICSCIRCUITTHECOMPOSITIONDIAGRAMINFIGURE12SHOWSTHEGRAPHICALLYCOMPOSEDHYDRAULICSPARTOFTHEEXCAVATORMODELTHESUBMODELSARECHOSENFROMTHEAPPROPRIATELIBRARIES,CONNECTEDANDTHEPARAMETERSINPUTNOTETHATTHECYLINDERSANDTHEMOTORFROMHYLIBCANBESIMPLYCONNECTEDTOTHEALSOSHOWNCOMPONENTSOFTHEMULTIBODYLIBRARYTHEINPUTSIGNALS,IE,THEREFERENCESIGNALSOFTHEDRIVEROF

簡介：本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯1WALLWALKERPROPOSALOFLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMCLEANINGEVENATTHECORNERTMIYAKE12ANDHISHIHARA11KAGAWAUNIVJAPAN2MIRAIKIKAIINC,JAPANABSTRACTTHEPURPOSEOFTHISRESEARCHISTODEVELOPTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTFORCLEANINGASINGLELARGEWINDOWPANESUCHASASHOWWINDOWITREQUIRESTHEFOLLOWINGDEMANDSTOAPPLYTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTFORTHEPRACTICALUSE1CLEANTHECORNEROFWINDOWBECAUSEFOULINGISLEFTTHEREOFTEN2SWEEPTHEWINDOWPANECONTINUOUSLYTOPREVENTMAKINGSTRIPEDPATTERNSONAWINDOWPANETHEKEYSOFMECHANISMSARETHEROTATABILITYOFTHEMOBILEPARTAROUNDTHEOTHERPARTSANDTHECONTINUOUSLOCOMOTIONINORDERTOACHIEVETHEABOVEPOINTSTHEFORMERENABLESTHEROBOTTOCHANGETHEDIRECTIONWITHKEEPINGITSPOSITIONANDATTITUDEATTHECORNEROFWINDOWTHELATTERISNECESSARYFORPREVENTINGLEAVINGTHESTRIPEDPATTERNONAWINDOWPANEWEDESIGNEDTHECONTINUOUSMOTIONUSINGTWOWHEELLOCOMOTIONWITHADHERINGONTHEWINDOWPANEUSINGASUCTIONCUPTHESIZEOFPROTOTYPEISABOUT300MM300MM100MMANDITSWEIGHTISABOUT2KGWITHOUTBATTERIESASTHERESULTSOFBASICEXPERIMENTSOFTHEPROTOTYPEONAVERTICALSMOOTHWINDOWGLASS,TRAVELINGVELOCITYOFGOINGUPDIRECTIONWAS008M/S,ONEOFGOINGDOWNDIRECTIONWAS014M/SANDHORIZONTALDIRECTIONWAS011M/SINTHISPAPERTHE1STCHAPTERMENTIONSBACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVESOFTHISRESEARCH,ANDALSOINTRODUCESTHECONCEPTOFWALLWALKERTHE2NDCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHEADHERINGANDMOVINGMECHANISMTHE3RDCHAPTERILLUSTRATESITSBASICPROPERTIESBASEDONTHEEXPERIMENTSFINALLY,PROBLEMSANDFUTUREWORKSAREDISCUSSEDINTHE4THCHAPTER本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯3–SIZE300MM300MM100MMTHESEAREALSODEFINEDBYTHERESULTSOFSURVEYINGTHEDEMANDSFROMTHECLEANINGCOMPANIESTHISPAPERPROPOSESTHESMALL,LIGHTANDPORTABLEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTNAMEDWALLWALKER,WHICHAREDESIGNEDTOSATISFYTHEMARKETDEMANDSASMENTIONEDABOVEFIGURE1ISTHERENDERINGATASCENEOFPRACTICALUSEOFWALLWALKERTHEWALLWALKERISADHERINGONAWINDOWPANEANDCLEANINGASMOVINGONLARGEWINDOWSTHISPAPERDISCUSSESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFPROPOSEDLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMTHE2NDCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHELOCOMOTIONMECHANISMSANDILLUSTRATESTHEPROTOTYPEFORTESTINGTHEPROPOSEDLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMTHE3RDCHAPTERILLUSTRATESITSBASICPROPERTIESBASEDONTHEEXPERIMENTSFIG1SMALLSIZEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTONAWINDOW2LOCOMOTIONMECHANISMVARIOUSRESEARCHESOFLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMSONTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTSHAVEBEENREPORTEDHOWEVERTHEYDONOTMEETOURSPECIFICATIONSDEFINEDBASEDONTHEMARKETDEMANDSABOVEMENTIONEDFOREXAMPLE,CLIMBINGROBOTBYLEGGEDWALKCANNOTREALIZETHECONTINUOUSMOVEMENT,ANDALSOITSTURNABILITYISLOW6CLIMBINGROBOTUSINGCRAWLERMECHANISMALLOWSCONTINUOUSMOVEMENT,BUTTHEROTATABILITYISASLOWASORLOWERTHANTHELEGGEDWALK7WINDOWCLEANINGROBOTBYCRAWLERMECHANISMHADBEENDEVELOPEDSIZE440400180MMWEIGHT65KGMAXIMUMSPEED2CM/SECBYSHRAFT

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