簡介：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文題目題目淺談“CL”和“ES”理念在飯店中的結(jié)合運(yùn)用以澳林大酒店為例系別管理科學(xué)與工程系專業(yè)旅游管理學(xué)生姓名王丹學(xué)號(hào)02309117指導(dǎo)教師孔旭紅職稱教授2013年4月30日8楊艷顧客滿意度與員工滿意度的互動(dòng)關(guān)系研究J當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì),2010,648499王健從員工滿意度入手提高客戶滿意度J中國電力企業(yè)管理,2010,1787910馬欽海,李藝服務(wù)消費(fèi)顧客滿意與顧客忠誠關(guān)系調(diào)節(jié)因素的實(shí)證研究J管理科學(xué),2007,205485911員工滿意是顧客滿意的源泉C海南省通信學(xué)會(huì)2007年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集2007828612王愛蓮,賈蕾服務(wù)業(yè)員工滿意度與顧客滿意度關(guān)系研究J中國商貿(mào),2010,297813崔蕓淺析顧客滿意度與員工滿意度之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系J開封大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2006,204192114張姍姍,魏志會(huì)淺議企業(yè)文化對(duì)員工滿意度的影響J現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)（現(xiàn)代物業(yè)下半月刊）,2007,6622022215孫瑾基于員工滿意度和顧客滿意度關(guān)系的文獻(xiàn)評(píng)述及研究展望J現(xiàn)代管理科學(xué),2009,6373916周明建,葉文琴組織對(duì)員工的忠誠、員工的工作滿意感和組織忠誠感與員工績效J軟科學(xué),2006,203119121,12817孫宗平員工滿意是顧客滿意的基礎(chǔ)C//新世紀(jì)第一次中國ISO9000論壇專題研討會(huì)論文集20026973畢業(yè)論文應(yīng)完成的主要工作畢業(yè)論文應(yīng)完成的主要工作1．利用中國知網(wǎng)、維普、萬方等數(shù)據(jù)庫完成與畢業(yè)論文相關(guān)內(nèi)容的論文的檢索；利用圖書館的圖書資源查閱相關(guān)的理論內(nèi)容；充分的利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行資料的檢索收集。2．與實(shí)習(xí)相關(guān)的選題要注意在實(shí)習(xí)過程中觀察收集相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)；要做實(shí)證方面的論文要多方面搜集相關(guān)的地區(qū)及國家發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。3．撰寫開題報(bào)告之前要寫出論文的大綱，并根據(jù)開題報(bào)告中指導(dǎo)教師所提出的意見進(jìn)行修改。4．確定大綱之后認(rèn)真的撰寫論文，并根據(jù)指導(dǎo)教師的意見進(jìn)行修改。論文定稿之后，按照要求進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文的答辯。畢業(yè)論文進(jìn)度安排畢業(yè)論文進(jìn)度安排序號(hào)序號(hào)畢業(yè)論文各階段內(nèi)容畢業(yè)論文各階段內(nèi)容時(shí)間安排時(shí)間安排備注備注1確定論文題目2012年6月27日8月31日2下達(dá)論文任務(wù)書，畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，搜集論文資料2012年9月1日2012年9月10日3撰寫開題報(bào)告2012年9月11日2012年10月13日4開題答辯2012年10月14日

簡介：外文資料翻譯THEHYDRATIONOFBLENDEDCEMENTATLOWW/BRATIOABSTRACTTHEHYDRATIONPROCESS,HYDRATIONPRODUCTANDHYDRATIONHEATOFBLENDEDCEMENTPASTEMIXEDWITHMINERALADMIXTUREANDEXPANSIVEAGENTATLOW/BRATIOARESTUDIEDBYRD,THERMOSANALYSIS,ANDCALORIMETRYINSTRUMENT,ANDTHEYWERECOMPAREDWITHTHOSEIMPURECEMENTPASTETHERESULTSSHOWTHATPURECEMENTANDBLENDEDCEMENTATLOW/BRATIOHAVETHESAMETYPESHYPERPRODUCTIONS,BUTRESPECTIVEAMOUNTSHYPERRATIONALPRODUCTSOFVARIOUSBLENDEDCEMENTSATSAMEAGESANTHEAVARIATIONOLATHEAMOUNTOFSAMEHYDRATIONWITHAGESAREDIFFERENTTHEJOINTEFFECTLIQUEFACTIONFODGELDETERRINGDUETOWATERABSORPTIONANDTHEEXPANSIVEPRESSUREONMILLEPOREADRIFTCAUSEDSOTHEBYCRYSTALLOGENETICISTHEIMPETUSOFTHEVOLUMEEXPANSIONCEMENTAPASTE,ANDROTHERMEREEFFECTISMUCHGREATERTHANTHELATTERONEKEYWORDSHYDRATIONBLENDEDCEMENTLOWW/BRATIOEXPANSIONMECHANISM1INTRODUCTIONTHEHYDRATIONANDHARDENINGPROCESSESOFORDINARYCEMENTHAVEBEENSTUDIEDINTENSIVELY13PARTLYREPLACINGCEMENTWITHFLYASH,SLAG,OROTHERACTIVEMINERALADMIXTURECANNOTCOMMODIFYTHECEMENTSTRENGTHGRADE,REDUCETHEHYDRATIONHEATOFCEMENT,BUTALSOMELIORATETHESTRUCTUREOFHARDENCEMENTPASTE4APPLYINGEXPANSIVEAGENTINORDINARYCONCRETECANCOMBINETHEBEARINGANDWATERPROOFFUNCTIONSOFABUILDING,ANDITCANALSOREDUCETHESHRINKAGEANDPREVENTTHECRACKINGOFCONCRETE5,6HOWEVER,THEHYDRATIONPROCESSOFCEMENTMIXEDWITHFLYASH,SLAGANDEXPANSIVEAGENTATLOW/BRATIOUNDERNONSATURATIONWATERCONDITIONNEEDTOBESTUDIEDSUFFICIENTLYSOWEEXECUTETHERESEARCHWORKINTHISFIELD2ELEMENTARILY31HYDRATIONPROCESSOFBLENDEDCEMENTWEUSED15FLYASH,15FLAGAND10UEATOREPLACECORRESPONDENCYCEMENT,ANDSTUDIEDTHEHYDRATIONPRODUCTSWITHXRDTHESPECIMENSWEREALLMOLDEDANDCUREDUNDERFREE,LOW/BRATIO028ANDMOISTCONDITIONSBUTNOTSOAKEDINTOWATERFROMFIG1TOFIG4WECANLEARNTHATTHETYPESOFTHEHYDRATIONPRODUCTSOFPURECEMENTANDBLENDEDCEMENTARETHESAMEALLOFTHEMARECSH,CH,AFTETCINADDITION,THEREHEMIHYDRATEDC3SANDC2SETCBUTINTHESAMEHYDRATIONAGE,THEAMOUNTOFALLKINDSOFHYDRATIONPRODUCTSDIFFERSOBVIOUSLYANDTHISFACTISREFLECTEDINTHEDIFFERENCESOFTHERELATIVEINTEGRITYOFTHEDIFFRACTIONPEAKSCOUNTERSEALEWELISTTHERELATIVEINTENSITYOFTHEDIFFRACTIONPEAKSOFTHEMAINHYDRATIONPRODUCTSANDHYDRATEDC3SANDC2SATAGESOF3DAND28DAGEINTABLE2TABLE1CHARACTERISTICSOFRAWMATERIALSSSSPECIFICSURFACERWDRATIOOFWATERDEMANDR28COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOF28DTABLE2THERELATIVEINTENSITYOFTHEDIFFRACTIONPEAKS/COUNTS

簡介：ERINNERUNGUNDERZ?HLPROZESSINTHEODORSTORMSFRüHRENNOVELLEN18481859AUTORNOEUNLEEERICHSCHMIDTVERLAGEGMBHSIEHATTENSICHALSERSTEMITDEMHERK?MMLICHENURTEILAUSEINANDERZUSETZEN,DASSSTORMMITSEINER?ERINNERUNGSPOESIE“,WIEDIE?LTEREDEUTUNGSTRADITIONMEINTE,?DIEQU?LENDENPROBLEMEDESLEBENSMITDEMSCHLEIERDERERINNERUNGZUDECKE,M?RCHENHAFTEIDYLLENZEICHNE,DIEWIRKLICHKEITVERHARMLOSE“BEIDEFORSCHERSCHLIE?ENINIHRENTEXTINTERPRETATIONENIMüBRIGENBIOGRAPHISCHEELEMENTENICHTAUSⅢ?IMMENSEE“1850SAMMELNDEUNDDICHTENDEERINNERUNGANDIEVERLORENENJUGENDTR?UMECDIEKOLLEKTIVEERINNERUNGREGINAFASOLDREGISTRIERTINIHRERDISSERTATION?DIEREZEPTIONDERDICHTUNGTHEODORSTORMSINZEITUNGEN,ZEITSCHRIFTENUNDBUCHMONOGRAPHISCHENVER?FFENTLICHUNGENZWISCHEN1850UND1890“ZWEIUNTERSCHIEDLICHEHALTUNGENDERZEITGEN?SSISCHENKRITIKGEGENüBERSTORMSFRüHENDICHTUNGENEINERSEITSDIEABLEHNUNGDES?KRANKHAFTEN“ZUGESUNDDIEKLASSIFIZIERUNGSTORMSALSEINES?GOLDSCHNITTPOETEN’,ANDERERSEITSDIERECHTFERTIGUNGSEINESDICHTERISCHENVERM?GENS,EINEZEITSTIMMUNGANGENESSENZUVERARBEITEN,UNDSEINEERHEBUNGZUM?WAHRENPOETEN’LUDWIGPIETSCHUNDROBERTPRUTZGEH?RENZURZWEITENGRUPPE,DIE?DIESPEZIFISCHRESIGNATIVEGRUNDSTIMMUNGDERFRüHENSTORMSCHENARBEITENAUSDERREVOLUTIONSEREIGNISSEBZWDIENACHFOLGENDEEINALTESLIED,DASINALLERMUNDESEINKANN,HATFüRELISABETH,DIEINZWISCHENAUSEINEMFR?HLICHENKINDZUEINERSTILLENFRAUGEWORDENISTUNDIHREGEFüHLENICHTZEIGT,VERGANGENHEITUNDGEGENWARTWIEDERBELEUCHTETUNDSIEBEUNRUHIGT?W?HRENDDESLESENSHATTEREINHARDTEINUNMERKLICHESZITTERNDESPAPIERSEMPFUNDEN“NACHDERLEKTüRETRITTSIEALLEINZURüCKINDIESEMAUGENBLICKWIRDIHRSCHWEIGENZUEINEMLAUTLOSENSCHMERZENSSCHREIUNDEINVOLKSLIEDZU?ELISABETHSLIED’DASLEIDENDERGESCHEITERTENLIEBE,DASJEDERMANNJEDERZEITANJEDEMORTWIEDERHOLTERFAHRENKANN,HATAUCHSEINENANTEILANELISABETHSLEBENDASGLAUBEREINHARDTS,DASSDIEVOLKSLIEDERNICHTAUFEINENINDIVIDUELLENAUTORZURüCKZUFüHRENSIND,SONDERN?WACHSEN“UND?VONMUNDZUMUND“WEITERGEGEBENWERDEN,DASSALSOALLEDARANMITHELFEN,GILTINGEWISSERHINSICHTAUCHFüRDIESENOVELLEDIESESLIEDUNDDIESESENTIMENTALENOVELLETRAFENDASHERZDERZEITGENOSSENINDERMITTEDES19JAHRHUNDERTSINEINERZEIT,INDERMANDENGLAUBENANEINE?EINHEITDERWELT“NICHTMEHRBEHALTENDURFTE,INDERDIEBüRGERLICHENINTELLEKTUELLENNACHDEMZERFALLDERIDEALISTISCHENDENKMODELLEMüHSAMNACHEINEMNEUENMORALISCHENORIENTIERUNGSPUNKTSUCHTEN,INDERDIEFRIEDLICHEIDYLLENICHTMEHRDIEGLEICHEBLEIBENKONNTE,AUCHNICHTEINMALINDERLITERATUR,INDERMANZWISCHENDEMGEISTDERTRADITIONUNDDEMEINESERBARMUNGSLOSENFORTSCHRITTSNOCHKEINENKOMPROMISSZUFINDENSCHIEN,DASCHIENEINERINNERNDERIMHERZENDESVOLKESZUERWACHSENREINHARDT,DERRUHIGBEOBACHTETUNDNACHDENKT,SAMMELTUNDERZ?HLT,DERTROTZODERGERADEWEGENSEINERSCHE?CHEEINENMITTELWEGALSDICHTERGEHT,DERSICHMITABSTANDANDIEVERLORENENJUGENDTR?UMEERINNERNKANNDASSHIERKEINAUKTORIALERERZ?HLERAUFTAUCHT,SONDERNSOGARDASERZ?HLENSEINEREIGENENGESCHICHTEN?SYMPTOMATISCH’UNDMANGELHAFTIST,ENTSPRICHTAUCHDERUNSICHERHEITUNDUNüBERSCHAUBARKEIT,DIESTORMSZEITGENOSSENINDERGESELLSCHAFTLICHENWIRKLICHKEITERLEBENMUSSTENINDERSICHTEMPOREICH,AGGRESSIVUNDKOMPLIZIERTVERWANDELNDENWELTWOLLTEMANGEMEINSAMMITREINHARDTANHALTEN,UMEINMALAUFDIEVERGANGENHEITZURüCKZUBLICKENUNDSICHAUFDIEZUKUNFTVORZUBEREITENAUTORNOEUNLEENOEUNLEEANALYSIERTSIEALSNARRATIVEEXPERIMENTEMITERINNERNUNDERINNERUNGDABEIWERDENüBERRASCHENDEZUSAMMENH?NGESICHTBARZWISCHENERZ?HLTERERINNERUNG,IDENTIT?TSBILDUNGUNDDERPROBLEMATISIERUNGBüRGERLICHERGESCHLECHTERROLLEN

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目煙灰缸的設(shè)計(jì)與加工煙灰缸的設(shè)計(jì)與加工系別數(shù)控技術(shù)系畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)小組成員XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX專業(yè)名稱數(shù)控技術(shù)指導(dǎo)教師XXX2013年1月10日1內(nèi)容摘要內(nèi)容摘要沒有理論指導(dǎo)的實(shí)踐是盲目的實(shí)踐，沒有實(shí)踐的理論是空洞的理論。隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，數(shù)控加工技術(shù)對(duì)國計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)（IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用，因?yàn)樾?、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。而對(duì)于數(shù)控加工,無論是手工編程還是自動(dòng)編程，在編程前都要對(duì)所加工的零件進(jìn)行工藝分析，擬定加工方案，選擇合適的刀具，確定切削用量，對(duì)一些工藝問題如對(duì)刀點(diǎn)、加工路線等也需做一些處理。并在加工過程掌握控制精度的方法,才能加工出合格的產(chǎn)品。本文根據(jù)數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)，針對(duì)加工煙灰缸的零件，進(jìn)行了工藝方案的分析，工裝方案的確定，刀具和切削用量的選擇，確定加工順序和加工路線，數(shù)控加工程序編制。通過整個(gè)工藝的過程的制定，充分體現(xiàn)了數(shù)控設(shè)備在保證加工精度，加工效率，簡化工序等方面的優(yōu)勢。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞工藝分析理論指導(dǎo)進(jìn)給路線手工編程ABSTRACTABSTRACTNOTHEORYGUIDANCEPRACTICEISBLINDPRACTICE,NOPRACTICETHEORYISEMPTYTHEORYALONGWITHNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYUNCEASINGDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONDOMAINEXPANSION,CNCPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYTOTHEPEOPLESLIVELIHOODSOMEIMPORTANTPROFESSIONSIT,AUTOMOBILE,LIGHTINDUSTRY,MEDICALSERVICEANDSOONDEVELOPMENTPLAYSMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTROLE,FOREFFICIENCY,QUALITYISTHEMAINBODYOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYHIGHSPEED,HIGHPRECISIONMACHININGTECHNOLOGYCANGREATLYIMPROVEEFFICIENCY,IMPROVETHEQUALITYANDGRADEOFTHEPRODUCTS,SHORTENPRODUCTIONCYCLEANDIMPROVETHEMARKETCOMPETITIONABILITYFORTHENUMERICALCONTROLNCMACHINING,WHETHERMANUALPROGRAMMINGORAUTOMATICPROGRAMMING,ENROLLEDCHENGQIANARETOTHEPROCESSINGOFPARTSFORPROCESSANALYSIS,DRAWSUPTHEPROCESSINGPLAN,CHOOSETHERIGHTTOOL,TODETERMINETHECUTTINGDOSAGE,FORSOMETECHNOLOGYPROBLEMSSUCHASTHECUTTINGPOINT,PROCESSINGROUTE,

簡介：外文翻譯11FACTORSINFLUENCINGTHEEVOLUTIONOFYOUTHTRAVELABSTRACTYOUTHTRAVELISANIMPORTANTPARTOFGLOBALTOURISM,CONSEQUENTLY,GETTINGTOKNOWTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHISFORMOFTOURISMREQUIRESANAPPROACHOFTHEASPECTSREGARDINGTHEPERMISSIVEANDRESTRICTIVEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCETHEYOUTHTRAVELDYNAMICWORLDWIDEINTERMSOFTHEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCEYOUTHRAVEL,WEHIGHLIGHTEDTHESETWOCATEGORIESOFFACTORSPERMISSIVEANDESTRICTIVEAND,WITHINEACHCATEGORY,WETRIEDTOSINGULARIZETHEINFLUENCEOFEVERYFACTOROVERYOUTHTRAVELKEYWORDSTOURISM,YOUTHTRAVEL,FACTORSINFLUENCINGEVOLUTIONOFYOUTHTRAVEL,GENERALFACTORS,SPECIFICFACTORS,FACTORSTHATFAVOURTHEDEVELOPMENTOFYOUTHRAVEL,FACTORSTHATRESTRICTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFYOUTHTRAVELINTRODUCTIONTHESPECTACULAREVOLUTIONOFTOURISMREVEALSTHEPERCEPTIVENATUREOFTHISACTIVITYSECTORTOTHEDYNAMICOFSOCIETY,ITSEVOLUTIONUNDERTHEINFLUENCEOFACOMPLEXSYSTEMOFFACTORS,DIFFERENTIATEDBYNATURE,ROLEANDPARTICIPATIONINDIFFERENTPROPORTIONSTOTHETOURISMPHENOMENONTHEIRINFLUENCEVARIESNOTONLYINACCORDANCETOTHESPECIFICCONTENT,BUTALSOINRELATIONTOTHEMOMENTANDPLACEOFACTIONAND,INADDITION,THEIRMUTUALCONDITIONINGANDTHESIMULTANEITYOFTHEIRACTIONPOTENTIATETHEFINALEFFECT,MAKINGITDIFFICULTTOQUANTIFYEACHCONTRIBUTION外文翻譯13SPECTACULAREVOLUTIONOFTHETOURISMINTENSITY,EXPLAINEDBYTHECORRELATIONOFTHEDEMOGRAPHICGROWTHWITHTHEWORLDWIDEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINCONCLUSION,THEDEMOGRAPHICFACTORSHOWSITSEFFECTSONTOURISM,STIMULATINGITINTHOSEREGIONSWHERETHEREAREMATERIAL,SOCIALANDCULTURALCONDITIONSTHATCOMEFROMECONOMICDEVELOPMENTAND,THEREFORE,THEQUANTITATIVECONNECTIONBETWEENTHETOURISMOFFERANDTHEPOPULATIONSIZEISNOTSIGNIFICANTIFINTERMSOFQUANTITYTHEDEMOGRAPHICFACTORISNOTADETERMININGFACTOROFTHETOURISMOFFER,THESTRUCTURALCHANGESINTERMSOFAGE,ENVIRONMENTURBAN,RURALANDOCCUPATIONINFLUENCETOURISMASAWHOLEANDTHEYESPECIALLYINFLUENCESPECIFICFORMSOFTOURISMTHEANALYSISOFTHEDEMOGRAPHICCHANGESREGARDSPRIMARILYTHECHANGESINTHEAGEPYRAMIDANDINTHEACTIVEPOPULATION/INACTIVEPOPULATIONRATIOTHUS,THERESTRUCTURINGOFTHEAGEPYRAMIDSHOWSAGROWTHOFTHEELDERLYPOPULATIONANDITDETERMINESALARGERPORTIONOFTHISPOPULATIONTOBEINVOLVEDINPRACTICINGASPECIFICFORMOFTOURISM,JOININGTOURISTSTHATAREMAINLYMIDDLEAGED,THESOCALLEDACTIVEPOPULATIONREGARDINGTHEAGEINGPHENOMENON,THESHAREOFPEOPLEOVERTHEAGEOF60ISINCREASINGACROSSEUROPE145OFTHEPOPULATIONIN2000,MEANING40MILLIONPEOPLE,COMPAREDTO13IN1997171OFTHEEUROPEANUNIONPOPULATIONIN2008,WITHANUPWARDTRENDOF30IN2060GIANNAKOURIS,2008,WHICHPOSITIVELYINFLUENCESTHETOURISMACTIVITYBECAUSEOFTHECHARACTERISTICSOFELDERLYPEOPLEAGENERALGOODSTATEOFHEALTHANDMOBILITY,FREETIMETOPRACTICETOURISM,WELLINFORMEDCONSUMERS,CURIOUSOFNEWEXPERIENCES,LESSSEASONALTHANOTHERCATEGORIESOFTOURISTS,PRACTICINGTOURISMTHROUGHOUTTHEYEARREGARDINGTHEVACATIONDESTINATIONS,ELDERLYTOURISTSPREFERTHESEA,TOURSANDSHORTSTAYSINURBANCENTERSTHEDEMOGRAPHICCHANGESINNORTHERNEUROPE,UNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAANDJAPANWILLINCREASETHEIMPORTANCEOFTHE“THIRDAGE”MARKETANDINREGIONSWHERETHEPOPULATIONISINCREASINGLYYOUNGER–SOUTHEUROPE,SOUTHAMERICAANDSOUTHEASTASIA–AGROWTHOFTHEMARKETWILLBERECORDEDFORTHESEGMENTOFPEOPLEBETWEEN18AND30YEARSOLDATGLOBALLEVELTHEYOUTHREPRESENTS3035OFTHEPOPULATIONANDISDEMOGRAPHICSEGMENTWITHAMAJORROLEININCREASINGTHETOURISTTRAFFICDUETOMOREFREETIME,THENEEDFORTRAINING,THEDESIRETOHAVEFUN,ETCTHENUMBEROFPUPILSANDSTUDENTSISRAPIDLYINCREASINGALLOVERTHEWORLDAND,

簡介：中文5770字畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯混合整值A(chǔ)RCH模型AMIXTUREINTEGERVALUEDARCHMODEL學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)班級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師職稱講師起止日期2013125～2014319畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯2一個(gè)整值自回歸條件異方差（INARCH）模型來處理過分散的整值時(shí)間序列。ZHU等人2008,ZHUANDLI2009,ZHUANDWANG2009,2010ANDWEI?2009給出了INARCH模型的一些進(jìn)一步的結(jié)果。在一個(gè)非常普遍的混合模型的定義上使用SAIKKONEN（2007年）的想法，我們把INARCH模型推廣到混合INARCH（MINARCH）模型，它優(yōu)于INARCH模型是因?yàn)樗軌蛱幚矶喾逍院头欠€(wěn)定性的分量。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)如下。第2節(jié)描述MINARCH模型，平穩(wěn)性條件和自相關(guān)函數(shù)。第3節(jié)通過EM算法討論估計(jì)過程。第4節(jié)考慮模型選擇問題，第5節(jié)通過實(shí)證的例子說明模型的有效性。證明在附錄中給出。2混合整值A(chǔ)RCH模型考慮帶有K個(gè)分量的混合整值A(chǔ)RCH模型，用來表示，定1,,KMINARCHKPP義如下2110111,|,KPKTTKTKTTKTKTKKITIKIXKYYFPX???????????????其中表示指示性函數(shù)，是由生成的域，是一組獨(dú)立同分1?1TF?12{,,}TTXX????T?布的隨機(jī)變量,且假設(shè)，和之間對(duì)1,1,0,1,,TKKKPKKK??????????????TJX?T?于所有的是相互獨(dú)立的，和對(duì)于給定的條件獨(dú)立，并且0,0TJ??KTYT?1TF?的可識(shí)別性（見AITKINANDRUBIN,1985）。為了避免為零或負(fù)數(shù)的條件12K???????方差的可能性，必須滿足下列條件KI?00,01,,,1,,KKIKIPKK????????MINARCH模型具有與NEAR和NLAR模型類似的結(jié)構(gòu)見PERERA,2004ZHUANDWANG,2008，但它實(shí)際上是?個(gè)INARCH模型的混合。該MINARCH模型的屬性與WONGANDLI（2000年，2001年）的那些MAR和MARARCH模型相類似。由于條件均值和分量的方差依賴于過去的一系列值，所以該系列的條件分布的形狀隨時(shí)間變化。條件分布的形狀可以是多峰的。需要注意的是的條件均值，TX22101111|KPKKKTTKKTKKKKITIKKKIEXFX???????????????????

簡介：1浙江師范大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文翻譯譯文譯文分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)的兒童樂園MARCIAKLEINZ,THOMASJOSLER大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（美國），2000年3月，31卷，第2期，第8288頁1引言我們都熟悉的導(dǎo)數(shù)的定義。通常記作1DFXDFXDX或222DFXDFXDX或這些都是很容易理解的。我們同樣也熟悉一些有關(guān)導(dǎo)數(shù)的性質(zhì)，例如DFXFYDFXDFY???但是像這樣的記號(hào)1/21/21/2DDFXFXDX或者又代表什么意思呢大多數(shù)的讀者之前肯定沒有遇到過導(dǎo)數(shù)的階數(shù)是1/2的。因?yàn)閹缀鯖]有任何教科書會(huì)提到它。然而，這個(gè)概念早在18世紀(jì)，LEIBNITZ已經(jīng)開始探討。在之后的歲月里，包括L’HOSPITAL,EULER,LAGRANGE,LAPLACE,RIEMANN,FOURIER,LIOUVILLE等數(shù)學(xué)大家和其他一些數(shù)學(xué)家也出現(xiàn)過或者研究過的概念?，F(xiàn)在，關(guān)于“分?jǐn)?shù)微積分”的文獻(xiàn)已經(jīng)大量存在。近期關(guān)于“分?jǐn)?shù)微積分”的兩本研究生教材也出版了，就是參考文獻(xiàn)9和11。此外，兩篇在會(huì)議上發(fā)表的論文7和14也被收錄。WHEELER在文獻(xiàn)15已編制了一些可讀性較強(qiáng)，較易理解的資料，雖然這些都還沒有正式出版。本論文的目的是想用一種親和的口吻去介紹分?jǐn)?shù)階微積分。而不是像平常教科書里面的從定義引理定理的方法介紹它。我們尋找了一個(gè)新的想法去介紹分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)。首先我們從熟悉的N階導(dǎo)數(shù)的例子開始，比如DNAXNAXEAE?。然后用其他數(shù)字取代自然數(shù)字N。這種方式，感覺像是偵探一樣，步步深入。我們將尋求蘊(yùn)含在這個(gè)構(gòu)思里面的數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)。我們在探討了各種思路，對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念后，才對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)給出正式定義。（如果想快速瀏覽它的正式定義，請(qǐng)參見米勒的優(yōu)秀論文，參考文獻(xiàn)8。）隨著探究的深入，我們會(huì)不時(shí)地讓讀者去思考一些問題。對(duì)這些問題的答案將在本文的最后一節(jié)呈現(xiàn)。那到底什么是一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)呢讓我們一起來看看吧2指數(shù)函數(shù)的分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)我們將首先研究指數(shù)函數(shù)AXE的導(dǎo)數(shù)。因?yàn)樗麄儗?dǎo)數(shù)的形式，比較容易推廣。我們熟悉AXE的導(dǎo)數(shù)的表達(dá)式。12233,,AXAXAXAXAXAXDEAEDEAEDEAE???，在一般情況下，當(dāng)N為整數(shù)時(shí)，NAXNAXDEAE?。那么我們能不能用1/2取代N，并記作1/21/2AXAXDEAE?呢我們何不嘗試一下為什么不更進(jìn)一步，讓N是一個(gè)無理數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)比如1I9得到/2COSSIN22IXIXIIXDEIEEEXIX??????????????，這與（2）式是吻合的。問題問題5SINDAX?是什么4PX的導(dǎo)數(shù)我們現(xiàn)在看看X次方的導(dǎo)數(shù)。我們以PX為例有012,,1,,1213PPPPPPNPPNDXXDXPXDXPPXDXPPPPNX????????????表達(dá)式（3）用連乘的分子和分母去替換，則得到結(jié)果如下PN?12111411PPNPNPPPPNPNPNPXXXPNPNPN??????????????????上式就是的一般表達(dá)式。我們通過伽瑪函數(shù)，用任意數(shù)?替換正整數(shù)N。當(dāng)（4）式中NPDX的P和N是不是自然數(shù)時(shí)，伽瑪函數(shù)使他們在替換后任然有意義。伽馬函數(shù)是歐拉在18世紀(jì)引進(jìn)的概念。當(dāng)時(shí)是推廣記號(hào)，當(dāng)Z不是整數(shù)時(shí)。它的定義是，它具有Z10DTZZETT??????這樣的性質(zhì)。1ZZ??那么我們可以將表達(dá)式（4）重新寫作這使得當(dāng)N不是整數(shù)式，1,1NPPNPDXXPN???????（4）式還是有意義的。所以對(duì)于任意的?，我們寫作151PPPDXXP??????????利用（5）式，我們可以將分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)延伸到很多的函數(shù)。因?yàn)閷?duì)于任意給定的函數(shù)，我們可以利用TAYLOR級(jí)數(shù)展開成多項(xiàng)式的形式，假設(shè)我們可以對(duì)進(jìn)行任0,NNNFXAX????FX意次微分，那么我們得到00161NNNNNNNDFXADXAXN??????????????????最終那個(gè)表達(dá)式（6）呈現(xiàn)出具有作為分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)定義候選項(xiàng)的氣質(zhì)。因?yàn)榇罅康暮瘮?shù)都

簡介：中文中文6200字出處出處WATERRESEARCH,2011,451862076216A/O法活性污泥中氨氧化菌群落的動(dòng)態(tài)與分布摘要我們研究了在厭氧好氧序批式反應(yīng)器（SBR）中氨氧化菌群落（AOB）和亞硝酸鹽氧化菌群落（NOB）的結(jié)構(gòu)活性和分布。在研究過程中，分子生物技術(shù)和微型技術(shù)被用于識(shí)別和鑒定這些微生物。污泥微粒中的氨氧化菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)大體上與初始的接種污泥中的結(jié)構(gòu)不同。與顆粒形成一起，由于過程條件中生物選擇的壓力，AOB的多樣性下降了。DGGE測序表明，亞硝化菌依然存在，這是因?yàn)樗鼈兡苎杆俚倪m應(yīng)固定以對(duì)抗洗滌行為。DGGE更進(jìn)一步的分析揭露了較大的微粒對(duì)更多的AOB種類在反應(yīng)器中的生存有好處。在SBR反應(yīng)器中有很多大小不一的微粒共存，顆粒的直徑影響這AOB和NOB的分布。中小微粒（直徑09MM）可以使含氧量降低從而限制NOB的生長。所有這些研究提供了未來對(duì)AOB微粒系統(tǒng)機(jī)制可能性研究的支持。關(guān)鍵詞氨氧化菌（AOB），污泥微粒，菌落發(fā)展，微粒大小，硝化菌分布，發(fā)育多樣性1簡介在濃度足夠高的條件下，氨在水環(huán)境中對(duì)水生生物有毒，并且對(duì)富營養(yǎng)化有貢獻(xiàn)。因此，廢水中氨的生物降解和去除是廢水處理工程的基本功能。硝化反應(yīng)，將氨通過硝化轉(zhuǎn)化為硝酸鹽，是去除氨的一個(gè)重要途徑。這是分兩步組成的，由氨氧化和亞硝酸鹽氧化細(xì)菌完成。好氧氨氧化一般是第一步，硝化反應(yīng)的限制步驟然而，這是廢水中氨去除的本質(zhì)。對(duì)16SRRNA的對(duì)比分析顯示，大多數(shù)活性污泥里的氨氧化菌系統(tǒng)的跟?變形菌有關(guān)聯(lián)。然而，一系列的研究表明，在氨氧化菌的不同代和不同系有生理和生態(tài)區(qū)別，而且環(huán)境因素例如處理常量，溶解氧，鹽度，PH，自由氨例子濃度會(huì)影響氨氧化菌的種類。因此，廢水處理中氨氧化菌的生理活動(dòng)和平衡對(duì)廢水處理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行是至分析方法TOC、TN、TP、MLSS、SVI都根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法定期檢測。污泥大小分布由篩法決定。4個(gè)干凈的直徑為5CM鋼制篩，篩孔直徑分別09,06,045,和02MM，這4個(gè)篩子被全程監(jiān)控。用友刻度的圓柱從反應(yīng)器中取100ML的污泥，然后放到09MM篩孔的篩子上。隨后用蒸餾水沖洗，直徑小于09MM的顆粒通過這個(gè)篩子，到達(dá)篩孔更小的篩子上。沖洗過程要重復(fù)幾次，以分開污泥團(tuán)。不同面上收集到的顆粒恢復(fù)用蒸餾水反沖洗。每一部分都手機(jī)在不同的燒杯里，然后用量化的濾紙過濾來測定TSS。一旦留在各個(gè)篩子上TSS的數(shù)量確定了，就可以確定不同大小的顆粒占污泥總重的比例了。22DNA提取和PCRDGGE來自大約8MG的MLSS種的污泥被轉(zhuǎn)化成15ML的EPPENDORF管，然后在14000G條件下離心10分鐘。移除上清液，向其中加入1ML磷酸鈉緩沖液，然后在無菌條件下研磨以分離顆粒。使用EZNASOILDNA工具，離心物種DNA染色體被分離。為了放大氨氧化菌特征16SRRNA來進(jìn)行DGGE，一個(gè)巢式PCR被用為先前描述。30ΜL的巢式PCR放大劑被加載并被在聚丙烯酰胺凝膠上的加了線性分布為3555的變性劑DGGE分開。這個(gè)膠體在維持60度、140V、1TAE緩沖液中通用突變檢測系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行65H。電泳結(jié)束后，銀染色和膠體的發(fā)展表現(xiàn)正如SANGUINETTI所表述。接下來是空氣干燥和用凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)掃描。凝膠掃描圖像用QUANTITYONE分析，版本號(hào)431。成對(duì)群落相似性的色子指數(shù)是計(jì)算評(píng)估氨氧化菌群落在DGGE中線路相似性的。這個(gè)用QUANTITYONE測出的指數(shù)范圍從0無共同頻帶到100頻帶相同。SHANNON多樣性指數(shù)（H）是用來衡量將一個(gè)菌群中每個(gè)菌種的豐富度和比例加入考慮的微生物多樣性。H用下列等式計(jì)算其中，NI/N表示I菌種占總?cè)郝涞谋壤齀條帶亮度在條帶總亮度中的比例。微生物系統(tǒng)樹圖模板相似性使用QUANTITYONE不用非加權(quán)配對(duì)組算術(shù)平均數(shù)（UPGMA法）算法就能計(jì)算出來。突出的DGGE條帶被切除并溶解在30MLMILLIQ水中過夜，溫度維持4攝氏

簡介：TITLETHEPOETICSOFCITYANDNATURETOWARDANEWAESTHETICFORURBANDESIGNJOURNALISSUEPLACES,61AUTHORSPIRN,ANNEWHISTONPUBLICATIONDATE10011989PUBLICATIONINFOPLACES,COLLEGEOFENVIRONMENTALDESIGN,UCBERKELEYCITATIONSPIRN,ANNEWHISTON1989THEPOETICSOFCITYANDNATURETOWARDANEWAESTHETICFORURBANDESIGNPLACES,61,82KEYWORDSPLACES,PLACEMAKING,ARCHITECTURE,ENVIRONMENT,LANDSCAPE,URBANDESIGN,PUBLICREALM,PLANNING,DESIGN,AESTHETIC,POETICS,ANNEWHISTONSPIRNTHECITYHASBEENCOMPAREDTOAPOEM,ASCULPTURE,AMACHINEBUTTHECITYISMORETHANATEXT,ANDMORETHANANARTISTICORTECHNOLOGICALITISAPLACEWHERENATURALFORCESPULSEANDMILLIONSOFPEOPLELIVETHINKING,FEELING,DREAMING,DOINGANAESTHETICOFURBANDESIGNMUSTTHEREFOREBEROOTEDINTHENORMALPROCESSESOFNATUREANDOFLIVINGIWANTTODESCRIBETHEDIMENSIONSOFSUCHANAESTHETICTHISAESTHETICENCOMPASSESBOTHNATUREANDCULTUREITEMBODIESFUNCTION,SENSORYPERCEPTION,ANDSYMBOLICMEANINGANDITEMBRACESBOTHTHEMAKINGOFTHINGSANDPLACESANDTHESENSING,USING,ANDCONTEMPLATINGOFTHEMTHISAESTHETICISCONCERNEDEQUALLYWITHEVERYDAYTHINGSANDWITHARTWITHSMALLTHINGS,SUCHASFOUNTAINS,GARDENS,ANDBUILDINGS,ANDWITHLARGESYSTEMS,SUCHASTHOSETHATTRANSPORTPEOPLEORCARRYWASTESTHISAESTHETICCELEBRATESMOTIONANDCHANGE,ENCOMPASSESDYNAMICPROCESSESRATHERTHANSTATICOBJECTSANDSCENES,ANDEMBRACESMULTIPLERATHERTHANSINGULARVISIONSTHISISNOTATIMELESSAESTHETIC,BUTONETHATRECOGNIZESBOTHTHEFLOWOFPASSINGTIMEANDTHESINGULARITYOFTHEMOMENTINTIME,ANDONETHATDEMANDSBOTHCONTINUITYANDREVOLUTIONURBANFORMEVOLVESINTIME,INPREDICTABLEANDUNPREDICTABLEWAYS,THERESULTOFCOMPLEX,OVERLAPPING,ANDINTERWEAVINGDIALOGUESTHESEDIALOGUESAREALLPRESENTANDONGOINGSOMEARESENSEDINTUITIVELYOTHERSARECLEARLYLEGIBLETOGETHER,THEYCOMPRISETHECONTEXTOFAPLACEANDALLTHOSEWHODWELLWITHINITTHISIDEAOFDIALOGUE,WITHITSEMBODIMENTOFTIME,PURPOSE,COMMUNICATION,ANDRESPONSE,OSCENTRALTOTHISAESTHETICCONCOMITANTWITHTHENEEDFORCONTINUITYINTHEURBANLANDSCAPEISTHENEEDFORREVOLUTIONDESPITECERTAINCONSTANTSOFNATUREANDHUMANNATURE,WELIVEINAWORLD畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯MANYHUNDREDSOFFEETDEEP,THEIRFINEGRAINSERODEDFROMTHESLOPESOFANCIENTMOUNTAINSTHATONCERESTEDATOPTHEROCKIES,THEIRPEAKSHIGHABOVETHEEXISTINGMOUNTAINSTHEREDSLABSARETHERUINEDROOTSOFTHOSEANCIENTMOUNTAINPEAKS,REMNANTSOFROCKLAYERSTHATONCEARCHEDHIGHOVERTHEROCKIESWEKNOWTODAYASTHEEYEFOLLOWSTHEANGLEOFTHEIRTHRUSTANDCOMPLETESTHATARC,ONEISTRANSPORTEDMILLIONSOFYEARSINTOTHEPASTTHISISTHECONTEXTOFDENVER,ACONTEXTINSPACEANDTIMECREATEDBYTHEENDURINGRHYTHMOFNATURESPROCESSESANDRECORDEDINPATTERNSINTHELANDTHEAMPHITHEATERAFFORDSNOTONLYAVIEWOFTHECITY,BUTALSOAPROSPECTFORREFLECTINGUPONTIME,CHANGE,ANDTHEPLACEOFMANANDCITYINNATUREWHENWENEGLECTNATURALPROCESSESINCITYDESIGN,WENOTONLYRISKTHEINTENSIFICATIONOFNATURALHAZARDSANDTHEDEGRADATIONOFNATURALRESOURCES,BUTALSOFORFEITASENSEOFCONNECTIONTOALARGERWHOLEBEYONDOURSELVESINCONTRAST,PLACESSUCHASREDROCKSAMPHITHEATERPROVOKEAVIVIDEXPERIENCEOFNATURALPROCESSESTHATPERMITSUSTOEXTENDOURIMAGINATIONBEYONDTHELIMITSOFHUMANMEMORYINTOTHEREACHESOFGEOLOGICALANDASTRONOMICALTIMEANDTOTRAVERSESPACEFROMTHEMICROSCOPICTOTHECOSMICHOWEVERPERMANENTROCKMAYSEEM,ITISULTIMATELYWORNSMOOTHBYWATERANDREDUCEDFINALLYTODUSTTHEPOWEROFARAINDROP,MULTIPLIEDBYTHETRILLIONSOVERTHOUSANDSINTOPLAINSTHEPATTERNOFLINESETCHEDBYTHEWATERINTHESANDOFABEACHECHOSTHEPATTERNENGRAVEDONTHEEARTHBYRIVERSOVERTIMETHESEARETHEPATTERNSTHATCONNECTTHEYCONNECTUSTOSCALESOFSPACEANDTIMEBEYONDOURGRASPTHEYCONNECTOURBODIESANDMINDSTOTHEPULSEOFTHENATURALWORLDOUTSIDEOURSKINTHEBRANCHINGRIVERBEDCUTBYFLOWINGWATERANDTHEBRANCHINGTREEWITHINWHICHTHESAPRISESAREPATTERNSTHATMIRRORTHEBRANCHINGARTERIESANDVEINSTHROUGHWHICHOURBLOODCOURSESPATTERNSFORMEDBYNATURESPROCESSESANDTHEIRSYMMETRYACROSSSCALESHAVELONGBEENAPPRECIATEDBYCLOSEOBSERVERSOFTHENATURALWORLDRECENTDEVELOPMENTSINSCIENCEAFFORDNEWINSIGHTSINTOTHEGEOMETRYOFFORMGENERATEDBYDYNAMICPROCESSES,BETHEYNATURALORCULTURAL,ANDPOINTTONEWDIRECTIONSFORDESIGNTHEFORMSOFMOUNTAINRANGES,RIVERBANKS,SANDDUNES,TREES,ANDSNOWCRYSTALS,AREPOISED,JELLED,ATAMOMENTINTIME,THEPHYSICALEMBODIMENTOFDYNAMICPROCESSESTHEIRBEAUTYCONSISTSOFAPECULIARCOMBINATIONOFORDERANDDISORDER,HARMONIOUSLYARRANGED,ANDTHEFACTTHATTHEIRFORMSAREATEQUILIBRIUM,ATANYGIVENMOMENT,WITHTHEPROCESSESTHATPRODUCEDTHEMSUCHFORMSANDTHEPHENOMENONOFTHEIRSYMMETRYACROSSSCALESOFTIMEANDSPACE,HAVERECENTLYBEENDESCRIBEDBYANEWGEOMETRY,“FRACTAL“GEOMETRY,WHICHONEOFITSORIGINATORS,BENOITMANDELBROTCALLS“THEGEOMETRYOFNATURE““PIMPLY,““POCKY,““TORTUOUS,“AND“INTERTWINED“ASENSIBILITYSTEEPEDINCLASSICALGEOMETRYPERCEIVERSTHESEFORMSASTOOCOMPLEXTODESCIBEHOWEVER,ASFRACTALS,SUCHPATTERNSCANBEDESCRIBEDWITHSIMPLICITY,THERESULTOFREPETITIVEPROCESSES,SUCHASBIFURCATIONANDDEVELOPMENTTHEVARIETYOFFORMSTHATSTEMFROMTHESAMEPROCESSOSTHERESULTOFRESPONSETODIFFERINGCONDITIONSOFCONTEXT,OFTOTHEINTERACTIONWITHOTHERPROCESSESSTRANGEANDWONDERFULFORMS,MIRRORINGTHOSEOFNATURE,HAVEBEENCREATEDBYREPEATINGASINGLECOMPUTERPROGRAMEARLYINTHEPROCESS,THERESULTINGFORM,ASSEENONTHECOMPUTERSCREENAPPEARSCHAOTICGRADUALLYANORDERUNFOLDSSUCHEXPERIMENTSARETHE

簡介：1英文原文REHABILITATIONOFRECTANGULARSIMPLYSUPPORTEDRCBEAMSWITHSHEARDEFICIENCIESUSINGCFRPCOMPOSITESAHMEDKHALIFAA,,ANTONIONANNIBADEPARTMENTOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFALEXANDRIA,ALEXANDRIA21544,EGYPTBDEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFMISSOURIATROLLA,ROLLA,MO65409,USARECEIVED28APRIL1999RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM30OCTOBER2001ACCEPTED10JANUARY2002ABSTRACTTHEPRESENTSTUDYEXAMINESTHESHEARPERFORMANCEANDMODESOFFAILUREOFRECTANGULARSIMPLYSUPPORTEDREINFORCEDCONCRETERCBEAMSDESIGNEDWITHSHEARDEFICIENCIESTHESEMEMBERSWERESTRENGTHENEDWITHEXTERNALLYBONDEDCARBONFIBERREINFORCEDPOLYMERCFRPSHEETSANDEVALUATEDINTHELABORATORYTHEEXPERIMENTALPROGRAMCONSISTEDOFTWELVEFULLSCALERCBEAMSTESTEDTOFAILINSHEARTHEVARIABLESINVESTIGATEDWITHINTHISPROGRAMINCLUDEDSTEELSTIRRUPS,ANDTHESHEARSPANTOEFFECTIVEDEPTHRATIO,ASWELLASAMOUNTANDDISTRIBUTIONOFCFRPTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSINDICATEDTHATTHECONTRIBUTIONOFEXTERNALLYBONDEDCFRPTOTHESHEARCAPACITYWASSIGNIFICANTTHESHEARCAPACITYWASALSOSHOWNTOBEDEPENDENTUPONTHEVARIABLESINVESTIGATEDTESTRESULTSWEREUSEDTOVALIDATEASHEARDESIGNAPPROACH,WHICHSHOWEDCONSERVATIVEANDACCEPTABLEPREDICTIONS2002ELSEVIERSCIENCELTD○CALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSREHABILITATIONSHEARCARBONFIBERREINFORCEDPOLYMER1INTRODUCTIONFIBERREINFORCEDPOLYMERFRPCOMPOSITESYSTEMS,COMPOSEDOFFIBERSEMBEDDEDINAPOLYMERICMATRIX,CANBEUSEDFORSHEARSTRENGTHENINGOFREINFORCEDCONCRETERCMEMBERS1–7MANYEXISTINGRCBEAMSAREDEFICIENTANDINNEEDOFSTRENGTHENINGTHESHEARFAILUREOFANRCBEAMISCLEARLYDIFFERENTFROMITSFLEXURALFAILUREINSHEAR,THEBEAMFAILSSUDDENLYWITHOUTSUFFICIENTWARNINGANDDIAGONALSHEARCRACKSARECONSIDERABLYWIDERTHANTHEFLEXURALCRACKS8THEOBJECTIVESOFTHISPROGRAMWERETO3THEMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFTHEMATERIALSUSEDFORMANUFACTURINGTHETESTSPECIMENSARELISTEDINTABLE1FABRICATIONOFTHESPECIMENSINCLUDINGSURFACEPREPARATIONANDCFRPINSTALLATIONISDESCRIBEDELSEWHERE10TABLE122STRENGTHENINGSCHEMESONESPECIMENFROMEACHSERIESSW31,SW41,SO31ANDSO41WASLEFTWITHOUTSTRENGTHENINGASACONTROLSPECIMEN,WHEREASEIGHTBEAMSPECIMENSWERESTRENGTHENEDWITHEXTERNALLYBONDEDCFRPSHEETSFOLLOWINGTHREEDIFFERENTSCHEMESASILLUSTRATEDINFIG2INSERIESSW3,SPECIMENSW32WASSTRENGTHENEDWITHTWOCFRPPLIESHAVINGPERPENDICULARFIBERDIRECTIONS90°/0°THEFIRSTPLYWASATTACHEDINTHEFORMOFCONTINUOUSUWRAPWITHTHEFIBERDIRECTIONORIENTEDPERPENDICULARTOTHELONGITUDINALAXISOFTHESPECIMEN90°THESECONDPLYWASBONDEDONTHETWOSIDESOFTHESPECIMENWITHTHEFIBERDIRECTIONPARALLELTOTHEBEAMAXIS（0°）THISPLYIE0°PLYWASSELECTEDTOINVESTIGATETHEIMPACTOFADDITIONALHORIZONTALRESTRAINTONSHEARSTRENGTHINSERIESSW4,SPECIMENSW42WASSTRENGTHENEDWITHTWOCFRPPLIESHAVINGPERPENDICULARFIBERDIRECTION90°/0°ASFORSPECIMENSW32FOURBEAMSPECIMENSWERESTRENGTHENEDINSERIESSO3SPECIMENSO32WASSTRENGTHENEDWITHONEPLYCFRPSTRIPSINTHEFORMOFUWRAPWITH90°FIBERORIENTATIONTHESTRIPWIDTHWAS50MMWITHCENTERTOCENTERSPACINGOF125MMSPECIMENSO33WASSTRENGTHENEDINAMANNERSIMILARTOTHATOFSPECIMENSO32,BUT

簡介：TITLETHEPOETICSOFCITYANDNATURETOWARDANEWAESTHETICFORURBANDESIGNJOURNALISSUEPLACES,61AUTHORSPIRN,ANNEWHISTONPUBLICATIONDATE10011989PUBLICATIONINFOPLACES,COLLEGEOFENVIRONMENTALDESIGN,UCBERKELEYCITATIONSPIRN,ANNEWHISTON1989THEPOETICSOFCITYANDNATURETOWARDANEWAESTHETICFORURBANDESIGNPLACES,61,82KEYWORDSPLACES,PLACEMAKING,ARCHITECTURE,ENVIRONMENT,LANDSCAPE,URBANDESIGN,PUBLICREALM,PLANNING,DESIGN,AESTHETIC,POETICS,ANNEWHISTONSPIRNTHECITYHASBEENCOMPAREDTOAPOEM,ASCULPTURE,AMACHINEBUTTHECITYISMORETHANATEXT,ANDMORETHANANARTISTICORTECHNOLOGICALITISAPLACEWHERENATURALFORCESPULSEANDMILLIONSOFPEOPLELIVETHINKING,FEELING,DREAMING,DOINGANAESTHETICOFURBANDESIGNMUSTTHEREFOREBEROOTEDINTHENORMALPROCESSESOFNATUREANDOFLIVINGIWANTTODESCRIBETHEDIMENSIONSOFSUCHANAESTHETICTHISAESTHETICENCOMPASSESBOTHNATUREANDCULTUREITEMBODIESFUNCTION,SENSORYPERCEPTION,ANDSYMBOLICMEANINGANDITEMBRACESBOTHTHEMAKINGOFTHINGSANDPLACESANDTHESENSING,USING,ANDCONTEMPLATINGOFTHEMTHISAESTHETICISCONCERNEDEQUALLYWITHEVERYDAYTHINGSANDWITHARTWITHSMALLTHINGS,SUCHASFOUNTAINS,GARDENS,ANDBUILDINGS,ANDWITHLARGESYSTEMS,SUCHASTHOSETHATTRANSPORTPEOPLEORCARRYWASTESTHISAESTHETICCELEBRATESMOTIONANDCHANGE,ENCOMPASSESDYNAMICPROCESSESRATHERTHANSTATICOBJECTSANDSCENES,ANDEMBRACESMULTIPLERATHERTHANSINGULARVISIONSTHISISNOTATIMELESSAESTHETIC,BUTONETHATRECOGNIZESBOTHTHEFLOWOFPASSINGTIMEANDTHESINGULARITYOFTHEMOMENTINTIME,ANDONETHATDEMANDSBOTHCONTINUITYANDREVOLUTIONURBANFORMEVOLVESINTIME,INPREDICTABLEANDUNPREDICTABLEWAYS,THERESULTOFCOMPLEX,OVERLAPPING,ANDINTERWEAVINGDIALOGUESTHESEDIALOGUESAREALLPRESENTANDONGOINGSOMEARESENSEDINTUITIVELYOTHERSARECLEARLYLEGIBLETOGETHER,THEYCOMPRISETHECONTEXTOFAPLACEANDALLTHOSEWHODWELLWITHINITTHISIDEAOFDIALOGUE,WITHITSEMBODIMENTOFTIME,PURPOSE,COMMUNICATION,ANDRESPONSE,OSCENTRALTOTHISAESTHETICCONCOMITANTWITHTHENEEDFORCONTINUITYINTHEURBANLANDSCAPEISTHENEEDFORREVOLUTIONDESPITECERTAINCONSTANTSOFNATUREANDHUMANNATURE,WELIVEINAWORLD畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯MANYHUNDREDSOFFEETDEEP,THEIRFINEGRAINSERODEDFROMTHESLOPESOFANCIENTMOUNTAINSTHATONCERESTEDATOPTHEROCKIES,THEIRPEAKSHIGHABOVETHEEXISTINGMOUNTAINSTHEREDSLABSARETHERUINEDROOTSOFTHOSEANCIENTMOUNTAINPEAKS,REMNANTSOFROCKLAYERSTHATONCEARCHEDHIGHOVERTHEROCKIESWEKNOWTODAYASTHEEYEFOLLOWSTHEANGLEOFTHEIRTHRUSTANDCOMPLETESTHATARC,ONEISTRANSPORTEDMILLIONSOFYEARSINTOTHEPASTTHISISTHECONTEXTOFDENVER,ACONTEXTINSPACEANDTIMECREATEDBYTHEENDURINGRHYTHMOFNATURESPROCESSESANDRECORDEDINPATTERNSINTHELANDTHEAMPHITHEATERAFFORDSNOTONLYAVIEWOFTHECITY,BUTALSOAPROSPECTFORREFLECTINGUPONTIME,CHANGE,ANDTHEPLACEOFMANANDCITYINNATUREWHENWENEGLECTNATURALPROCESSESINCITYDESIGN,WENOTONLYRISKTHEINTENSIFICATIONOFNATURALHAZARDSANDTHEDEGRADATIONOFNATURALRESOURCES,BUTALSOFORFEITASENSEOFCONNECTIONTOALARGERWHOLEBEYONDOURSELVESINCONTRAST,PLACESSUCHASREDROCKSAMPHITHEATERPROVOKEAVIVIDEXPERIENCEOFNATURALPROCESSESTHATPERMITSUSTOEXTENDOURIMAGINATIONBEYONDTHELIMITSOFHUMANMEMORYINTOTHEREACHESOFGEOLOGICALANDASTRONOMICALTIMEANDTOTRAVERSESPACEFROMTHEMICROSCOPICTOTHECOSMICHOWEVERPERMANENTROCKMAYSEEM,ITISULTIMATELYWORNSMOOTHBYWATERANDREDUCEDFINALLYTODUSTTHEPOWEROFARAINDROP,MULTIPLIEDBYTHETRILLIONSOVERTHOUSANDSINTOPLAINSTHEPATTERNOFLINESETCHEDBYTHEWATERINTHESANDOFABEACHECHOSTHEPATTERNENGRAVEDONTHEEARTHBYRIVERSOVERTIMETHESEARETHEPATTERNSTHATCONNECTTHEYCONNECTUSTOSCALESOFSPACEANDTIMEBEYONDOURGRASPTHEYCONNECTOURBODIESANDMINDSTOTHEPULSEOFTHENATURALWORLDOUTSIDEOURSKINTHEBRANCHINGRIVERBEDCUTBYFLOWINGWATERANDTHEBRANCHINGTREEWITHINWHICHTHESAPRISESAREPATTERNSTHATMIRRORTHEBRANCHINGARTERIESANDVEINSTHROUGHWHICHOURBLOODCOURSESPATTERNSFORMEDBYNATURESPROCESSESANDTHEIRSYMMETRYACROSSSCALESHAVELONGBEENAPPRECIATEDBYCLOSEOBSERVERSOFTHENATURALWORLDRECENTDEVELOPMENTSINSCIENCEAFFORDNEWINSIGHTSINTOTHEGEOMETRYOFFORMGENERATEDBYDYNAMICPROCESSES,BETHEYNATURALORCULTURAL,ANDPOINTTONEWDIRECTIONSFORDESIGNTHEFORMSOFMOUNTAINRANGES,RIVERBANKS,SANDDUNES,TREES,ANDSNOWCRYSTALS,AREPOISED,JELLED,ATAMOMENTINTIME,THEPHYSICALEMBODIMENTOFDYNAMICPROCESSESTHEIRBEAUTYCONSISTSOFAPECULIARCOMBINATIONOFORDERANDDISORDER,HARMONIOUSLYARRANGED,ANDTHEFACTTHATTHEIRFORMSAREATEQUILIBRIUM,ATANYGIVENMOMENT,WITHTHEPROCESSESTHATPRODUCEDTHEMSUCHFORMSANDTHEPHENOMENONOFTHEIRSYMMETRYACROSSSCALESOFTIMEANDSPACE,HAVERECENTLYBEENDESCRIBEDBYANEWGEOMETRY,“FRACTAL“GEOMETRY,WHICHONEOFITSORIGINATORS,BENOITMANDELBROTCALLS“THEGEOMETRYOFNATURE““PIMPLY,““POCKY,““TORTUOUS,“AND“INTERTWINED“ASENSIBILITYSTEEPEDINCLASSICALGEOMETRYPERCEIVERSTHESEFORMSASTOOCOMPLEXTODESCIBEHOWEVER,ASFRACTALS,SUCHPATTERNSCANBEDESCRIBEDWITHSIMPLICITY,THERESULTOFREPETITIVEPROCESSES,SUCHASBIFURCATIONANDDEVELOPMENTTHEVARIETYOFFORMSTHATSTEMFROMTHESAMEPROCESSOSTHERESULTOFRESPONSETODIFFERINGCONDITIONSOFCONTEXT,OFTOTHEINTERACTIONWITHOTHERPROCESSESSTRANGEANDWONDERFULFORMS,MIRRORINGTHOSEOFNATURE,HAVEBEENCREATEDBYREPEATINGASINGLECOMPUTERPROGRAMEARLYINTHEPROCESS,THERESULTINGFORM,ASSEENONTHECOMPUTERSCREENAPPEARSCHAOTICGRADUALLYANORDERUNFOLDSSUCHEXPERIMENTSARETHE

簡介：外文翻譯一種新的反走樣畫線算法1譯文譯文一種新的反走樣畫線算法摘要考慮一條直線。在傳統(tǒng)的畫線算法中，若表示直線上,0≤≤1,點(diǎn)，則必須是一個(gè)整數(shù)，然后根據(jù)所定義的過濾器和的到幀緩沖器映射。在本文,中，我們提出了一種由它周圍的四個(gè)像素來模擬一個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)，其中和沒有必要的,是整數(shù)。根據(jù)所提出的反走樣方法，并且由于像素所接收的明暗度存在封閉性，我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)沿著線段進(jìn)行無限數(shù)量的點(diǎn)的采樣的效果。此外，我們的這種連貫性的屬性可以降低計(jì)算明暗度的成本。關(guān)鍵字計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)；畫線算法；反走樣1簡介簡介計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)中的線描轉(zhuǎn)換算法是最基礎(chǔ)的算法。目前，最常用的顯示裝置是光柵顯示。在光柵顯示中的每個(gè)像素都具有整數(shù)坐標(biāo)并且可以顯示灰度級(jí)的點(diǎn)。在光柵顯示器上繪制一條直線YFX的方法是通過模擬直線上的點(diǎn)的集合和相關(guān)聯(lián)的灰度值。假設(shè)線段的斜率為。一個(gè)簡單的畫線方法是根據(jù)線段上每個(gè)整數(shù)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)M0≤M≤1X來計(jì)算值，其中，可以不是一個(gè)整數(shù)。一種“全有或全無”的方法是模擬線段軌YFXYYFX跡像素的集合的值是或這取決于哪一個(gè)這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)中哪個(gè)更接近真實(shí)點(diǎn)X,GFX?FX??FX?FX。傳統(tǒng)DDA算法和BRESENHAM算法都是通過恒定加劇或者的亮度辦法來繪X,?FX?X,?FX?制直線的。在這種情況下，光柵顯示器所呈現(xiàn)的曲線呈階階梯狀，而這令人討厭的視覺效果就被稱為走樣。反走樣技術(shù)中包括低通濾波。過濾器的功能是在確定曲線路徑中指定適當(dāng)明暗度的值，得到一個(gè)模糊的邊緣像素。這種算法的一個(gè)例子是WU2。在WU提出的算法中，通過兩個(gè)像素寬的邊界采樣點(diǎn)來模擬真實(shí)曲線。WU的算法是類似于通過取整數(shù)點(diǎn)來計(jì)算YFXYFX的BRESENHAM算法。點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)的亮度強(qiáng)度與該點(diǎn)到實(shí)際點(diǎn)的距離I成反比X,?FX?X,?FX?1IX,?FX?IFX??FX?,IX,?FX?IFX??FX?,外文翻譯一種新的反走樣畫線算法3在光柵顯示器中，點(diǎn)這四個(gè)點(diǎn)分別構(gòu)成一個(gè)正方形的I,J,I,J1,I1,J,I1,J1UI,J四個(gè)頂點(diǎn)。考慮點(diǎn)，設(shè)該點(diǎn)處于正方形中，其中和不是像圖1中所示的整PX,YU?X?,?Y?XY數(shù)。接下來我們用中的這四個(gè)點(diǎn)來模擬點(diǎn)。設(shè)表示為了模擬點(diǎn)的預(yù)期明暗度，設(shè)U?X?,?Y?PIP,2YAY??Y?,YB?Y??Y,XAX??X?,XB?X??X上面四個(gè)點(diǎn)所得到的像素明暗度值一方面由如圖和的長度決定，和分別表示這四T1T2T1T2個(gè)點(diǎn)到實(shí)際點(diǎn)的垂直距離。四個(gè)點(diǎn)明暗度的推導(dǎo)等式是,3I?X??Y?IXBYB,4I?X??Y?IXBYA,5I?X??Y?IXAYA,6I?X??Y?IXAYB一個(gè)像素所接收的明暗值是采樣點(diǎn)像素（圖1）相對(duì)于矩形的倍面積。PI預(yù)期明暗值是用來表現(xiàn)不同斜率值的具有相同亮度值的直線段。設(shè)表示IX0,Y0,X1,Y1一條端點(diǎn)分別為線段?？紤]兩條直線段和，X0,Y0,X1,Y1S1L0,0,X,0S2L0,0,X,X由于的歐幾里德距離的長度等于的倍，所以用來模擬的像素的數(shù)目是用來模擬的像S2S12S2S1素的數(shù)量的倍。假設(shè)我們在區(qū)間中采樣N個(gè)具有相同明暗值的像素點(diǎn)，那么這些用2X0,X1I于模擬的像素點(diǎn)的明暗值會(huì)低于用于模擬的像素點(diǎn)的明暗值。這種情況下，我們可以給予S2S1采樣線上不同斜率值的點(diǎn)以不同的明暗值來解決這個(gè)問題。設(shè)線段，我們接下來定義目標(biāo)明暗值，表示一個(gè)單位正方形，P1,P2LX1,Y1,X2Y2I0I0|P1,P2|2|P1,P2|∞

簡介：平面設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生實(shí)習(xí)周記平面設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生實(shí)習(xí)周記周記1ＸＸＸＸ年ＸＸ月ＸＸ日，我來公司實(shí)習(xí)。對(duì)實(shí)習(xí)工作早就充滿了期待，從未參加工作過的我，十分擔(dān)心自己會(huì)影響別人的工作，給別人添麻煩，剛來到公司的時(shí)候，覺得很新鮮，全新的環(huán)境，忙碌的同事們，融洽的工作氛圍。這是我第一次參與工作，雖然公司不大，但同事們很熱情，紛紛為我介紹公司里面的工作，工作的氣氛很好。在這種環(huán)境下，我就開始了我的實(shí)習(xí)生活。第一天走進(jìn)公司，與經(jīng)理進(jìn)行了簡單的面談之后，他并沒有給我留下太多的任務(wù)，先讓我熟悉一下環(huán)境，熟悉一下公司狀況，包括規(guī)模，部門，人員分工等。然后讓我做一個(gè)新飛人力資源的宣傳冊，設(shè)計(jì)的過程正好測試一下我的能力。下午，我把做好的宣傳冊拿給經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理點(diǎn)頭表示滿意，然后給我又提出了幾點(diǎn)建議，這讓我受到鼓舞，信心倍增了不少。周記2因?yàn)楣驹诎l(fā)展階段，而我又是新來的，所以所做的工作就相對(duì)比較雜而多。可是，我一點(diǎn)也不害怕，因?yàn)槲沂潜е鴮W(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度來的，工作多一點(diǎn)沒關(guān)系，會(huì)很充實(shí)的，而且公司還讓一位師傅帶著我工作，他教會(huì)了我很多事情，工作中應(yīng)該注意的事情，作為一名設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)有的技能，還有軟件的操作，設(shè)計(jì)等等。大師的作品，學(xué)習(xí)他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，還有鍛煉自己的面試技巧等等。今天，有位畢業(yè)生來這里參加面試，師傅特許我去旁邊參觀，那位同學(xué)流暢的表述，清晰的思路，敏捷的反應(yīng)能力，著實(shí)是讓我感到自愧不如，我想，等到我踏入社會(huì)舞臺(tái)的那一刻，也會(huì)像他一樣，充滿自信的面對(duì)各種挑戰(zhàn)。還有一點(diǎn)對(duì)于我來說十分重要。我可以學(xué)得不多，但是在學(xué)習(xí)每一樣的時(shí)候一定要”精“，就算以后我并不會(huì)就是一個(gè)組版員，但是我還是要認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)它。認(rèn)真是一種良好的習(xí)慣，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)來說是，對(duì)生活來說同樣是。我要認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真地生活。不要以后回憶起來都是一些后悔的事。周記5工作之余，實(shí)習(xí)生活更是豐富多彩，我過的十分的充實(shí)，比如和同事吃午飯，總是聊得很開心，他們也教會(huì)我很多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)于還是新手的我，他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我十分的珍貴。他們在生活上也非常的照顧我?；蛘咴谙掳嗟穆飞下剑偸悄敲吹膼芤?，當(dāng)然最最令我難忘的是那次與師傅去見客戶，我學(xué)到了許多在課本上無法學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)，和人交流，了解別人的想法，在待人接物上有了很大的提高。讓我更深刻的知道，做廣告也好，做其他工作也好，有一些東西是相通的，通過和師傅的交談，也使我不再盲目，冷靜地思考了自己的將來，明白了自己的道路，自己的追求。一同事對(duì)我說”出來工作要學(xué)會(huì)玩“，很平實(shí)很普通的一

簡介：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目CHANGINGROLESOFTHECLIENTSARCHITECTSANDCONTRACTORSTHROUGHBIM文獻(xiàn)、資料來源ENGINEERING,CONSTRUCTION,ARCHITECTUALMANAGEMENT文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期20102院（部）管理工程學(xué)院專業(yè)班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師翻譯日期201263山東建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文21INTRODUCTIONHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTS,AREOFKEYIMPORTANCE,ANDINVOLVESIGNIFICANTINVESTMENT,ANDUSUALLYTAKEALONGTERMDEVELOPMENTPERIODHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSAREALSOVERYCOMPLEXDUETOTHECOMPLICATEDREQUIREMENTSREGARDINGHYGIENE,SAFETY,SPECIALEQUIPMENTS,ANDHANDLINGOFALARGEAMOUNTOFDATATHEBUILDINGPROCESSISVERYDYNAMICANDCOMPRISESITERATIVEPHASESANDINTERMEDIATECHANGESMANYACTORSWITHSHIFTINGAGENDAS,ROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIESAREACTIVELYINVOLVED,SUCHASTHEHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONS,NATIONALANDLOCALGOVERNMENTS,PROJECTDEVELOPERS,FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,ARCHITECTS,CONTRACTORS,ADVISORS,FACILITYMANAGERS,ANDEQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERSANDSUPPLIERSSUCHBUILDINGPROJECTSAREVERYMUCHINFLUENCED,BYTHEHEALTHCAREPOLICY,WHICHCHANGESRAPIDLYINRESPONSETOTHEMEDICAL,SOCIETALANDTECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTS,ANDVARIESGREATLYBETWEENCOUNTRIESWORLDHEALTHORGANIZATION,2000INTHENETHERLANDS,FOREXAMPLE,THEWAYABUILDINGPROJECTINTHEHEALTHCARESECTORISORGANISEDISUNDERGOINGAMAJORREFORMDUETOAFUNDAMENTALCHANGEINTHEDUTCHHEALTHPOLICYTHATWASINTRODUCEDIN2008THERAPIDLYCHANGINGCONTEXTPOSTSANEEDFORABUILDINGWITHFLEXIBILITYOVERITSLIFECYCLEINORDERTOINCORPORATELIFECYCLECONSIDERATIONSINTHEBUILDINGDESIGN,CONSTRUCTIONTECHNIQUE,ANDFACILITYMANAGEMENTSTRATEGY,AMULTIDISCIPLINARYCOLLABORATIONISREQUIREDDESPITETHEATTEMPTFORESTABLISHINGINTEGRATEDCOLLABORATION,HEALTHCAREBUILDINGPROJECTSSTILLFACESSERIOUSPROBLEMSINPRACTICE,SUCHASBUDGETOVERRUN,DELAY,ANDSUBOPTIMALQUALITYINTERMSOFFLEXIBILITY,ENDUSER’SDISSATISFACTION,ANDENERGYINEFFICIENCYITISEVIDENTTHATTHELACKOFCOMMUNICATIONANDCOORDINATIONBETWEENTHEACTORSINVOLVEDINTHEDIFFERENTPHASESOFABUILDINGPROJECTISAMONGTHEMOSTIMPORTANTREASONSBEHINDTHESEPROBLEMSTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENDIFFERENTSTAKEHOLDERSBECOMESCRITICAL,ASEACHSTAKEHOLDERPOSSESSESDIFFERENTSETOFSKILLSASARESULT,THEPROCESSESFOREXTRACTION,INTERPRETATION,ANDCOMMUNICATIONOFCOMPLEXDESIGNINFORMATIONFROMDRAWINGSANDDOCUMENTSAREOFTENTIMECONSUMINGANDDIFFICULTADVANCEDVISUALISATIONTECHNOLOGIES,LIKE4DPLANNINGHAVETREMENDOUSPOTENTIALTOINCREASETHECOMMUNICATIONEFFICIENCYANDINTERPRETATIONABILITYOFTHEPROJECTTEAMMEMBERSHOWEVER,THEIRUSEASANEFFECTIVECOMMUNICATIONTOOLISSTILLLIMITEDANDNOTFULLYEXPLOREDDAWOODANDSIKKA,2008THEREAREALSOOTHERBARRIERSINTHEINFORMATIONTRANSFERANDINTEGRATION,FORINSTANCEMANY

簡介：COFINANCéPARL′UNIONEUROPéENNEFEDERLACOMMISSIONEUROPéENNEINVESTITDANSVOTREAVENIRWORDMOGELIJKGEMAAKTDOORFINANCI?LESTEUNVANDEREUROPESEUNIEEFRODEEUROPESECOMMISSIEINVESTEERTINUWTOEKOMSTFUTUREOFAUTOMOTIVEDESIGNTHEOTHERSBEINGVEHICLEEFFICIENCY,ELECTRICMOBILITY,‘SMARTMOBILITY’ANDMANUFACTURING其余為“車輛的使用效率”，“電動(dòng)交通”，“智能移動(dòng)”和“制造業(yè)與物流”。THESEFIELDSOFACTIONREPRESENTTHESTRENGTHSOFTHEDUTCHAUTOMOTIVESECTORANDTHEAREASTHATAREVITALFORFUTUREAUTOMOTIVEDEVELOPMENTTOSHINEALIGHTONTHEFUTURETHEATCHASTAKENTHEINITIATIVETOPRODUCETRENDSTUDIESONEACHOFTHESEFIVEFIGURE1BMWVISIONEFFICIENTDYNAMICS寶馬高效動(dòng)力SUBJECTSTHISREPORTCONCLUDESTHERANGETHEOTHERREPORTSAREAVAILABLEATTHEATC這些行動(dòng)領(lǐng)域所代表的荷蘭汽車領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢，而且對(duì)未來汽車發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。為了照亮未來，汽車技術(shù)中心已主動(dòng)作出了五個(gè)領(lǐng)域趨勢研究。該報(bào)告總結(jié)范圍廣泛。其他報(bào)告可在ATC獲得。DESIGNHASBECOMEASTRONGHOLDOFTHEDUTCHECONOMYTHECREATIVEINDUSTRYINTHENETHERLANDSHASACQUIREDANINTERNATIONALPROFILEINDIFFERENTMARKETSASFURNITURE,FASHION,TVPROGRAMSANDGAMINGDUTCHDESIGNHASAMEANINGOFANEWWAYOFLOOKINGATTHINGS,DOWNTOEARTH,OUTOFTHEBOXANDOFTENWITHATOUCHOFHUMORTHENETHERLANDSHAVEMANYDESIGNEDUCATIONINSTITUTESANDDUTCHDESIGNGRADUATESHAVEFOUNDTHEIRWAYTOMAKEACAREERATINTERNATIONALAUTOMOTIVEDESIGNSTUDIOSOTHERSPUTTHEIRDESIGNCREATIVITYTOWORKINPRODUCTPLANNING,ENGINEERINGORPRODUCTMANAGEMENTNEWISTHEDESIGNOFTHEVIRTUALWORLDTHENETHERLANDSISSTRONGINGAMEDESIGNANDDESIGNOFHUMANMACHINEINTERFACEHMIDISPLAYSDESIGNISMORETHANSHAPEDESIGNISPRODUCTCREATION設(shè)計(jì)已成為荷蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)重要據(jù)點(diǎn)。創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)在荷蘭已經(jīng)獲得了國際形象，在不同的市場如家具，時(shí)尚，電視節(jié)目和游戲?！昂商m設(shè)計(jì)”有有意味的看事情，腳踏實(shí)地，開箱即用，并往往帶有幽默感。荷蘭有許多的設(shè)計(jì)教育機(jī)構(gòu)與荷蘭設(shè)計(jì)的畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)找到自己的方式在國際汽車設(shè)計(jì)工作室做出一番事業(yè)。其他人把他們的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)意運(yùn)用在產(chǎn)