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簡介：PROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES2262016124–131AVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM18770428?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFIPMAWC2015DOI101016/JSBSPRO201606170SCIENCEDIRECT29THWORLDCONGRESSINTERNATIONALPROJECTMANAGEMENTASSOCIATIONIPMA2015,IPMAWC2015,2830SEPTEMBER–1OCTOBER2015,WESTINPLAYABONITA,PANAMAGLOBALPROFESSIONALSTANDARDSFORPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTPETERSMITHUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYSYDNEY,POBOX12,BROADWAYNSW2007,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTTHISPAPEREXPLORESTHENEEDFORGLOBALPROFESSIONALSTANDARDSINTHEPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTFIELDARANGEOFGLOBALSTANDARDSANDGUIDESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFORTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONASAWHOLEBUTTHEREHAVENOTBEENANYDEVELOPEDSPECIFICALLYFORPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTOTHERTHANASASUBSETOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTSTANDARDSITWILLBEARGUEDTHATPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTBEITQUANTITYSURVEYING,COSTENGINEERING,PROJECTCONTROLSORCOSTMANAGEMENTCARRIEDOUTBYPROJECTMANAGERSISASPECIALISTTECHNICALFIELDTHATREQUIRESITSOWNSPECIFICSTANDARDSTHEPAPERWILLEXAMINETHEVARIOUSNATIONALANDREGIONALPROFESSIONALSTANDARDSTHATHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFORTHEQUANTITYSURVEYING,COSTENGINEERINGANDPROJECTCONTROLSPROFESSIONSBYVARIOUSCOUNTRIESANDPROFESSIONALASSOCIATIONSAROUNDTHEWORLDITTHENEXAMINESTHEISSUESSURROUNDINGTHELACKOFGLOBALSTANDARDSFORTHESEPROFESSIONSANDEXPLORESTHEBENEFITSOFDEVELOPINGOVERARCHINGSTRATEGIESTOPRODUCEGLOBALSTANDARDS/PROGRAMSTHEPAPERTHENDESCRIBESCURRENTINITIATIVESTODEVELOPTHESESPECIFICGLOBALSTANDARDSTHISWILLINCLUDETHEINTERNATIONALCONSTRUCTIONMEASUREMENTSTANDARDICMSTHATISINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFDEVELOPMENTTHERESEARCHMETHODOLOGYUNDERPINNINGTHISSTUDYCOMPRISESAREVIEWOFPROFESSIONALSTANDARDSAROUNDTHEWORLDANDINTERVIEWSWITHPRACTITIONERSANDMEMBERSOFPROFESSIONALCOSTMANAGEMENTASSOCIATIONSWITHINTHEINTERNATIONALCOSTENGINEERINGCOUNCILICECTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHARANGEOFRECOMMENDATIONSANDSTRATEGIESTOHELPADDRESSTHESEISSUES?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFIPMAWC2015KEYWORDSGLOBALSTANDARDS,PROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL61295148732EMAILADDRESSPETERSMITHUTSEDUAU?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOFIPMAWC2015126PETERSMITH/PROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES2262016124–131DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDFACILITATEFREEANDFAIRGLOBALTRADE”ISO2015,P1THEYHAVEAMEMBERSHIPOFOVER164NATIONALSTANDARDBODIESTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDANDPUBLISHOVER19,500STANDARDSTHEORGANIZATIONFORECONOMICCOOPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENTANDTHEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEHAVEESTIMATEDTHATSTANDARDSANDRELATEDCONFORMITYASSESSMENTCHECKINGTHATPRODUCTSANDSERVICESMEASUREUPTOSTANDARDSHAVEANIMPACTON80OFTHEWORLD’STRADEINCOMMODITIESISO,2015PERHAPSMOREIMPORTANTLYMAJORGLOBALENTITIESSUCHASTHEWORLDTRADEORGANISATIONWTOREQUIRETHEIRMEMBERSTOUSEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSWHEREAVAILABLETHISHELPSTOAVOIDTHETECHNICALBARRIERSTOTRADETHATCANBECAUSEDBYDIFFERINGNATIONALORREGIONALSTANDARDSITISNOTABLETHATTHEREISNOISOSTANDARDORANYOTHERGLOBALSTANDARDSTHATRELATEDIRECTLYTOTHECOREPROCESSES/SERVICESOFTHEPROJECTCOSTMANAGERWHILSTISOSTANDARDSEXISTINALLIEDFIELDSSUCHASRISKMANAGEMENT,QUALITYMANAGEMENTANDENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTTHEREARENONETHATRELATESPECIFICALLYTOPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONHASMADETREMENDOUSPROGRESSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSTHATTHEQUANTITYSURVEYING/COSTENGINEERINGPROFESSIONCANLEARNFROMCOSTMANAGEMENTANDPROJECTMANAGEMENTARECLEARLYINTERRELATEDWITHQUANTITYSURVEYORS/COSTENGINEERSCOMMONLYCARRYINGOUTPROJECTMANAGEMENTSERVICESANDPROJECTMANAGERSCOMMONLYCARRYINGOUTCOSTMANAGEMENTASPARTOFTHEIRSUITEOFSERVICESHOWEVER,COSTMANAGEMENTSHOULDBEREGARDEDASASPECIALISTFIELDREQUIRINGSPECIALISTSTANDARDSANDPROCESSESTHEFIRSTISOSTANDARDINPROJECTMANAGEMENTWASPUBLISHEDIN1997ANDUPDATEDIN2003–ISO10006QUALITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS–GUIDELINESFORQUALITYMANAGEMENTINPROJECTSHOWEVER,CBIS2014NOTETHATTHISSTANDARDWASNOTWIDELYADOPTEDBYTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONTHEPROFESSIONREALISEDTHEISSUEWITHNOTHAVINGAGLOBALLYRECOGNISEDANDUSEDSTANDARDSOEMBARKEDONA5YEARPROJECTTODEVELOPASTANDARDWITHTHEINPUTOF31COUNTRIESAND5OTHERCOUNTRIESOBSERVINGTHEDEVELOPMENTTHISCULMINATEDINTHEPUBLICATIONOFTHEISO215002012,GUIDANCEONPROJECTMANAGEMENTIN2012THATPROVIDESPROJECTMANAGEMENTPRINCIPLESANDPROCESSESTHATHAVEUNIVERSALAPPLICATIONCBIS,2014THEPROFESSIONALSOHASARANGEOFOTHERGLOBALSTANDARDSOUTSIDETHEISOGAMUTTHEMOSTPROMINENTARETHEINTERNATIONALLYRECOGNISEDPROJECTMANAGEMENTBODYOFKNOWLEDGEPMBOK?GUIDEANDTHEPRINCE2PROJECTSINCONTROLLEDENVIRONMENTSSTANDARDSTHEREARENOCOMPARABLEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSAND/ORGUIDESFORTHEPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONTHEACCOUNTINGPROFESSIONPROVIDESAGOODEXAMPLEOFGLOBALSTANDARDSTHATHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDANDNOWFORMTHEBASISFORFINANCIALREPORTINGINMOSTCOUNTRIESAROUNDTHEWORLDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESESTANDARDSIMPORTANTLYHADTHESUPPORTOFMAJORGLOBALORGANISATIONSSUCHASTHEG20,WORLDBANK,INTERNATIONALMONETARYFUND,THEIOSCO,ANDIFACIFRS,2014THEOBJECTIVEOFTHES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簡介：FINANCIALLIQUIDITYANDPROFITABILITYMANAGEMENTINPRACTICEOFPOLISHBUSINESSKATARZYNAGOLDMANNABSTRACTFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFCOMPANIES’SURVIVALSTRATEGIES,INTHESHORTTERM,FINANCIALLIQUIDITYPLAYSAMOREIMPORTANTROLETHANPROFITABILITYDOESINTHECASEWHENTHECOMPANYISNOTPROFITABLEINTHESHORTTERMBUTISCHARACTERIZEDBYGOODFINANCIALLIQUIDITY,ITHASTHEPOTENTIALFORFURTHERDEVELOPMENTANDFORIMPROVINGITSPERFORMANCEHOWEVER,INALONGTERMPERSPECTIVE,PROFITABILITYISMOREIMPORTANTBECAUSEITSLACKINTHELONGTERMWILLRESULTINLACKINGFINANCIALLIQUIDITYTHEREFORE,ANIMPORTANTELEMENTOFCOMPANYMANAGEMENTISMAKINGASYSTEMATICANALYSISOFFINANCIALLIQUIDITYANDPROFITABILITY,BOTHONTHEBASISOFFINANCIALSTATEMENTSANDONDATADERIVEDFROMITSACCOUNTSTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEARTICLEISTOPRESENTPOLISHCOMPANIES’APPROACHTOMANAGINGFINANCIALLIQUIDITYANDPROFITABILITYTHEARTICLEPRESENTSTHERESULTSOFASURVEYMADEONTHEISSUEBASEDONTHESURVEY,THEEXTENTOFTHEUSEINMAKINGMANAGEMENTDECISIONSOFTHEFOLLOWINGWASDETERMINEDLIQUIDITYRATIOS,WORKINGCAPITALANDTHEDEMANDFORWORKINGCAPITAL,ANALYSISOFTHECASHFLOWSTATEMENT,ANDINDICATORSOFPROFITABILITYTHERESEARCHEDENTITIESINDICATEDTHEEXTENTOFUSEFULNESSOFMANAGINGRECEIVABLES,LIABILITIES,INVENTORY,ANDCASHINFINANCIALLIQUIDITYANDPROFITABILITYMANAGEMENTKEYWORDSFINANCIALLIQUIDITYMANAGEMENTFINANCIALLIQUIDITYFINANCIALLIQUIDITYANALYSISPROFITABILITYMANAGEMENTPROFITABILITYPROFITABILITYANALYSIS1INTRODUCTIONACCORDINGTOTHETHEORYOFTHEMARKETECONOMY,RUNNINGABUSINESSISPROFITORIENTED,ANDTHEBASICMEASUREOFTHEEXTENTOFITSREALIZATIONISPROFITABILITYPROVIDINGFINANCIALLIQUIDITYISEQUALLYIMPORTANTTOGAININGPROFITSZUBA2010FROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFCOMPANIES’SURVIVALSTRATEGIESINTHESHORTTERM,FINANCIALLIQUIDITYPLAYSAMOREIMPORTANTROLETHANPROFITABILITYDOESINTHECASEWHENTHECOMPANYISNOTPROFITABLEINTHESHORTTERMBUTISCHARACTERIZEDBYGOODFINANCIALLIQUIDITY,ITHASTHEPOTENTIALFORFURTHERDEVELOPMENTANDFORIMPROVINGITSKGOLDMANNDEPARTMENTOFACCOUNTING,NICOLAUSCOPERNICUSUNIVERSITY,TORUN′,POLANDEMAILGOLDMANNECONUMKPL?SPRINGERINTERNATIONALPUBLISHINGSWITZERLAND2017MHBILGINETALEDS,FINANCIALENVIRONMENTANDBUSINESSDEVELOPMENT,EURASIANSTUDIESINBUSINESSANDECONOMICS4,DOI101007/9783319399195_9103AMONGTHESURVEYEDCOMPANIES,THEDOMINATINGGROUPWEREMANUFACTURINGCOMPANIES58,FOLLOWEDBYSERVICEPROVIDINGCOMPANIES24ANDBYCOMMERCIALONES18,PRESENTEDINTABLE1THEVASTMAJORITYOFRESPONDENTS87ARECOMPANIESTHATHAVEBEENCONDUCTINGBUSINESSACTIVITYFORMORETHAN10YEARSONINTERNATIONALMARKETS48ANDNATIONALONES41ALMOSTHALFOFTHEMARELARGE40ANDMEDIUMSIZED39COMPANIES3FINANCIALLIQUIDITYMANAGEMENTPRELIMINARYANALYSISOFTHECASHFLOWSTATEMENTISCARRIEDOUTINTHREEQUARTERS76OFTHESURVEYEDCOMPANIES,WHILETHEINDICATORANALYSISOFCASHFLOWIN69OFTHEM,WHICHISPRESENTEDINTABLE2THISAPPLIESINPARTICULARTOLARGEMANUFACTURINGCOMPANIESWITHTHETIMEOFOPERATINGONTHEMARKETEXCEEDING10YEARSANDWITHTHEINTERNATIONALREACHIFTHEANALYSISISNOTPERFORMED,ITISBECAUSEINTHEENTITIESEXAMINEDTHEREISNONEEDTODOSO,ANDIFITISNECESSARY,THENTHEREISNOSUCHAPERSONWHOCOULDCONDUCTTHISANALYSISTHESEAREMAINLYSERVICEPROVIDINGCOMPANIESPRELIMINARYANALYSISOFTHECASHFLOWSTATEMENTISCARRIEDOUTINTHESURVEYEDENTERPRISESMOREFREQUENTLYTHANTHEINDICATORANALYSISOFTHECASHFLOWSTATEMENTHOWEVER,INTHECASETHEINDICATORANALYSISOFTHECASHFLOWSTATEMENTISCARRIEDOUT,TABLE1CHARACTERISTICSOFCOMPANIESSPECIFICATIONTOTALNUMBEROVERALL228100TYPEOFBUSINESSACTIVITYCONDUCTEDAMANUFACTURINGCOMPANY1335833TRADINGCOMPANY401754SERVICEPROVIDINGCOMPANY552412TIMEOFOPERATINGONTHEMARKETFROM1UPTO5YEARS10439FROM6UPTO10YEARS19833MORETHAN10YEARS1998728RANGEOFOPERATIONSLOCAL261140NATIONAL924035INTERNATIONAL1104825COMPANYSIZESMALL421842MEDIUM903947LARGE964211ADOMINATINGTYPEOFACTIVITYFINANCIALLIQUIDITYANDPROFITABILITYMANAGEMENTINPRACTICEOFPOLISHBUSINESS105

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