簡介:SCIENTIFICJOURNALOFLATVIAUNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTURELANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREANDART,VOLUME11,NUMBER1142DIGITALTOOLSINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTURENATALIJA?ITAVSKA,ARTūRSMENGOTS,LATVIAUNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTUREABSTRACTNOWADAYSPROFESSIONALTOOLSINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREAREMORERELATEDTODIGITALTOOLSLANDSCAPEARCHITECTS’HANDPOWEREDTOOLSHAVEBEENREPLACEDBYCOMPUTERSANDDIGITALTOOLSWHERETHETRADITIONALTECHNIQUESARESUPPLEMENTEDWITH3DMODELLINGANDANIMATIONFORLANDSCAPEPLANNINGINDIFFERENTSCALESANDFORDIFFERENTPROJECTSLEVELSTHEMAINAIMOFTHISPAPERISTOUNDERSTANDANDANALYSETHEUSEOFDIGITALTOOLSINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREANDPLANNINGINLATVIAFORTHECOLLECTIONOFDATAFORTHISSTUDYAQUESTIONNAIREWASDESIGNEDANDSENTTOLATVIANLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSANDPLANNERSTHEQUESTIONSITINCLUDEDWEREONHOWLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSANDPLANNERSUSEDIGITALTOOLSFORTHEREPRESENTATIONOFTHEIRSKETCHESANDIDEASANDONWHATKINDOFDIGITALTOOLSTHEYUSEINDIFFERENTLANDSCAPETYPESANDSCALESRESULTSSHOWEDTHATALLTHESURVEYEDLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSUSEDIGITALTOOLSINTHEIREVERYDAYPROFESSIONALPRACTICE–FORLANDSCAPEDESIGNORASSESSMENTMOSTOFTHEMALSOSTILLUSETHETRADITIONALDRAWINGSBYHANDFORDRAFTSKETCHESANDIDEAS,BUTFORCOMMUNICATIONWITHPUBLIC,PROJECTSANDDESIGNSELABORATEDBYDIGITALTOOLSAREUSEDLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSHAVEEMPHASIZEDTHEGREATPOTENTIALOFDIGITALTOOLSFORENHANCINGCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHELANDSCAPEARCHITECTANDTHEPOTENTIALUSERDIGITALTOOLSVISUALIZATIONS,ANIMATIONS,3DMODELS,ETCALLOWTHEPOTENTIALUSERTOPARTICIPATEINTHELANDSCAPEPLANNINGPROCESSANDEASILYIMAGINETHELANDSCAPEBEFOREITISCREATEDTODAYLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSUSEDIGITALTOOLSTOPRODUCETHEFINALPROJECTPRESENTATIONIMAGESVISUALIZATIONSINTHELANDSCAPEPLANNINGPROCESSESFORSELLINGOFTHEPROJECTHOWEVER,WEBELIEVETHATINFUTURETHEREISAPOTENTIALFORUSINGDIGITALTOOLSMOREASACOMMUNICATIONTOOL,WHICHCANHELPINCONTACTINGCLIENTSATVARIOUSLEVELSOFTHEPROJECTIMPLEMENTATION,ESPECIALLYINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFTHEDESIGNKEYWORDSDIGITALTOOLS,VISUALCOMMUNICATION,LANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREINTRODUCTIONTHELANDSCAPEARCHITECT’SDAILYWORKISASSOCIATEDWITHLANDSCAPINGPROJECTSOFVARYINGSCALES,SPECIFICSANDLEVELS,LANDSCAPERESEARCHORLANDSCAPEMANAGEMENTPLANNINGTHELANDSCAPEARCHITECTSPROFESSIONISCOMPARATIVELYNEW–DATINGBACKALITTLEOVERAHUNDREDYEARSAGO,WHENIN1863THEBOARDOFCENTRALPARKCOMMISSIONINNEWYORKCITYAPPROVEDALANDSCAPEARCHITECTSPOSITIONSINCETHEN,THISNEWPROFESSIONHADOFFICIALLYGAINEDMORESTABILITYANDRECOGNITIONINITSDEVELOPMENTINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREARTSANDPROFESSIONALKNOWLEDGEINTHEFIELDOFLANDSCAPEPLANNINGASWELLASSOCIAL,ECOLOGICALANDMENTALASPECTSARECLOSELYINTERTWINEDTHERESULTSOFDAYTODAYLANDSCAPEARCHITECT’SWORKAREOFTENSUBJECTTOPUBLICCRITICISMANDPERCEPTION,THUSINFLUENCINGTHEIVOLVEMENTOFTHERESIDENTSINTHEISSUESOFLANDSCAPECONSERVATION,PLANNING,DESIGNANDINSTALLATION1HOWDOINFORMATIONTRANSFERANDCOMMUNICATIONTAKEPLACEWHATTOOLSCANALANDSCAPEARCHITECTUSETOMOREEFFECTIVELYPREPAREQUALITYINFORMATION,SIMULTANEOUSLYMAKINGITEASIERFORTHERESIDENTSANDCLIENTSTOPERCEIVETHEIDEASNOWADAYSMOREANDMOREDIGITALTOOLSAREBEINGUSEDINTHEFIELDOFLANDSCAPEARCHITECTURE,WHICH,ONTHEONEHANDFACILITATESTHEPRESENTATIONOFTHERESULTSOFTHEREMOTELANDSCAPEARCHITECTSWORK,BUTONTHEOTHERHANDREDUCESTHEPOSSIBILITYOFUSINGTRADITIONALDRAWINGMETHODSWITHOUTADDITIONALPROCESSINGANDALSOLEAVESNOROOMFORDIRECTCOMMUNICATIONDIGITALTOOLSALLOWTHELANDSCAPEARCHITECTSTOUSENEWAPPROACHESANDMETHODSINPLANNINGANDCOMMUNICATINGABOUTLANDSCAPEPLANNING,CONSERVATION,RENOVATION,ORINSTALLINGISSUES2INSEVERALSTUDIESTHEUSEOFDIGITALTOOLSHASBEENPARTICULARLYEMPHASIZEDINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREANDPLANNINGINORDERTOIMPROVETHEPROJECTPERCEPTIONANDCOMMUNICATIONAMONGLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSANDPROFESSIONALS,RESIDENTS,CLIENTSASWELLASCOLLEAGUES3456THEUSEOFTHESEDIGITALTOOLSISDIVERSE,ANDITISADJUSTABLETOTHEPROJECTSOFDIFFERENTSCALESANDCOMPLEXITYINDIFFERENTSTAGESOFDEVELOPMENTILLUSTRATIVE,IMMERSIVE,INTERACTIVE,INTUITIVEANDINTENSIVE7SO,ONEOFTHEASPECTSISTHECOMMUNICATIONWITHCLIENTSANDRESIDENTSAPARTOFTHISCOMMUNICATIONISTHEEMOTIONALDESIGNWHICHDOESNOTDEPICTTHEREALFUNCTIONOFLANDSCAPEORREALPROPORTIONS,BUTINFLUENCETHECLIENTSANDRESIDENTSTHROUGHARTISTICTOOLSATTHEEMOTIONALLEVELTHEAUTHORSINTHEIRSTUDYCALLTHATKINDOFEMOTIONALDESIGNA“WOWEFFECT”WHICHWORKSNOTONLYINLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREBUTALSOINALLTHEDESIGNFIELDSTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLDANDITISMOREORIENTEDTOWARDSSELLINGOFTHEPRODUCT8OVERALL,THERESULTOFTHELANDSCAPEARCHITECT’SWORK–APROJECTORANINSTALLEDOBJECT–INCLUDESTHEEMOTIONALASPECTOFART,THEREFOREITALWAYSINVOLVESASUBJECTIVEEVALUATIONEXACTLYWHATLANDSCAPEELEMENTSORPROJECTPARTSMUSTTHECLIENTSANDRESIDENTSMOSTOFTENEVALUATEORREADFROMTHEDESIGNSMADEBYLANDSCAPEARCHITECTSDOESTHEUSEOFVERSATILEDIGITALTOOLSMAKEITEASIERANDWITHHIGHERQUALITATYTOPERCEIVETHELANDSCAPEELEMENTSCOMMUNICATIONHASALWAYSBEENACKNOWLEDGEDTOBEONEOFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTASPECTSINTHEPROCESSOFLANDSCAPEDESIGNDOI1022616/JLANDARCHART20171105SCIENTIFICJOURNALOFLATVIAUNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTURELANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREANDART,VOLUME11,NUMBER1144FIG1THESTAGESOFTHEEVALUATIONPROCESSOFTHEPERCEPTIONASPECTSOFVISUALISATIONTYPESCREATEDBYTHEAUTHORS,2017THEVISUALMATERIALSWEREPREPAREDFORTRADITIONSQUAREOFTHETOWNOFPLAVINAS,INLATVIADURINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHETECHNICALPROJECTINJANUARY/FEBRUARYO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