1991年--外文翻譯--智能建筑概念的調(diào)查

1、<p>　　2150單詞，11900英文字符，3628漢字</p><p><b>　　附件：</b></p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文</b></p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料題目：Survey of Intel

2、ligent Building Concepts</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料來源：Communications Magazine, IEEE </p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期：1991.4 </p><p>　　院 （部）： 信息與電氣工程學(xué)院 </p><

3、;p>　　專 業(yè)： 電氣工程與自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　班 級(jí)： 電氣082 </p><p>　　姓 名： </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)：

4、 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p>　　翻譯日期： </p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)：</b></p>

5、;<p>　　Survey of Intelligent Building Concepts</p><p>　　Examples of Intelligent buildings</p><p>　　In the preceding paragraphs we have identified two large classes of intelligent building

6、s: multitenant and single-tenant. Multitenant buildings belong to a leasing agency which hopes to use the value-added services offered by the intelligence building to increase its revenues by renting or leasing to tenant

7、s not just office space but an attractive bundle of services as well. In this case, many business tenants occupy the building and share services. Single-tenant buildings are occupied by a sing</p><p>　　Unive

8、rsity, hospital, governmental, and industrial campuses form a special case of single-tenant buildings. For example, universities are looking for means of offering a wide range of computer and telecommunications services

9、to students, faculty, and administrators and to employ more effectively the professorial staff, for instance, by finding ways of allowing professors to give their courses to what are often progressively larger and larger

10、 classes. Hence we see the emergence of the so-called “</p><p>　　Multitenant Building</p><p>　　Examples of this class of buildings include:</p><p>　　*Rockefeller Center in New York&

11、lt;/p><p>　　*Software Productivity Consortium in Herndon, Virginia</p><p>　　*The Galleria in Dallas</p><p>　　*Informant in Dallas</p><p>　　*50 Wall Street in New York <

12、/p><p>　　*Marathon Plaza Building in San Francisco</p><p>　　*City Crop Building 1 in San Francisco</p><p>　　For the most part, these buildings are large high-rise towers (thirty-to-fif

13、ty-floor range) and groupings of such towers. The elevators of one “speak” to their passengers and give weather news if the passengers request it. In another, infrared detectors turn the office lights on when its occupan

14、ts enter, turning them off twelve minutes after everybody leaves. Thousands of sensors detect temperature changes in the internal environment within a tenth of a degree. In case of fire, other sensors wil</p><

15、p>　　These buildings are serviced by advanced telephone systems, allowing every tenant to have his own direct lines and access to a large range of telephone and telecommunications service options. We shall examine such

16、 options later, but, for example, in the case of long-distance calls, this system attempts to determine the routing of the call most advantageous to the tenant. We must observe here that in the United States in particula

17、r the importance of this kind of service is non-negligible thanks t</p><p>　　Example of an Intelligent Tower</p><p>　　This example of an intelligent tower, a real case history in the United Stat

18、es, displays a number of intelligent buildings features.</p><p>　　The STS are:</p><p>　　* Rooftop communications: satellites and microwave</p><p>　　* Security: optional card-control

19、led access</p><p>　　* Data processing: ability to install LANs and commercial software</p><p>　　*Television/video: shared networks and satellite broadcast antennas (transmit and receive)</p&g

20、t;<p>　　The integrated building management is:</p><p>　　*EMCS: automated and computerized, shares common cable plant and automatically maintains temperature, humidity, and ventilation</p><p

21、>　　* Security: computer control of elevators, emergency electricity and lighting, smoke and fire detection, controls building evacuation in emergencies and the elevators and sends instructions throughout the building,

22、 and overlooks the parking area (immediate revision of tenant’s status if needed).</p><p>　　Single-Tenant Buildings</p><p>　　Examples of single-buildings are the headquarters tower buildings of

23、various large corporations. A number of corporations are constructing new headquarters or retrofitting the ones they already had, For example, one such company has installed a broadband coaxial cable-based LAN in its bui

24、ldings to complement the internal telephone system. It is clear that constructing a new edifice foreseeing from the beginning all that is required for building intelligence is preferable to modifying an old buil</p>

25、;<p>　　A typical example is a tower having 44 floors, 200m high with 1.5 million sq. ft. area. The floors are divided as follows:</p><p>　　1: lobby, small boutiques</p><p>　　2: kitchens a

26、nd services</p><p>　　3: cafeteria (seats 1000)</p><p>　　4: conference rooms</p><p>　　5: conference rooms, mechanical</p><p>　　6: television programming, mechanical</

27、p><p>　　7 to 41: general offices</p><p>　　42: higher management’s offices</p><p>　　43 to 44: mechanical</p><p>　　There are three banks of elevators: one for floors 1 to 18

28、, another for 18 to 30, and the last one for 30 to 43. Each floor has the form if an elongated hexagon with 24,500 sq. ft. area. Moreover, each floor can accommodate 185 workstations, the average being 130 to 140. An Eth

29、ernet compatible LAN that uses optical fibers rather than coaxial cable for the transmission medium interconnects the workstations. It is reputed to be the largest operational Ethernet in the world accommodating up to th

30、re</p><p>　　According to the characterization of the idealized intelligent building given earlier, this building is perhaps only marginally “intelligent.” All the same, some of the essential elements are in

31、place and one foresees intelligent versions of this kind of buildings as realistic alternatives for the modern corporation.</p><p>　　Wired University Campuses</p><p>　　Today there is a strong pu

32、sh for our universities to install communications infrastructures powerful enough to interconnect workstations from all segments of the university community, student workstations, laboratories, classrooms, dormitory room

33、s, professors’ and administrators’ offices, and libraries and computing centers. Since in most cases it is a matter of retrofitting older buildings, sometimes with serious constraints as to what can be done (so as not to

34、 damage buildings of historical in</p><p>　　Subjects for Further Study</p><p>　　There are several areas in which much work is needed if we ever hope to realize the idealized form of intelligent

35、building characterized at the beginning of this article. Of these, we mention the following.</p><p>　　Protocols and Software Tools for the Intelligent Building</p><p>　　A building represents an

36、extremely diversified telecommunications environment in which a backbone network may interconnect a large number of sub networks and devices having a wide range of operational characteristics (bit rates, code formats, et

37、c.) This means that the network protocols must be able to accommodate all this. Moreover, with the progressive penetration of ISDN and BISDN, we have a plethora of external network protocols that will have to be interfac

38、ed with the building’s network. Thi</p><p>　　For implementation of an intelligent building, there is great need for a knowledge-based specification/simulation system that will allow the designer to examine t

39、he various network configurations possible and to simulate the more promising clued a repertory of actual available products, permitting the designer ultimately to specify the internal communications system in virtually

40、complete detail.</p><p>　　Finally, the internal communications network shares with all other such networks a number of network management functions and these may be handled by a suitably adapted expert syste

41、m. The internal communications system must be robust, so these functions merit careful attention (for example, one would hope the management system would report and take suitable countermeasures for the presence of toxic

42、 gases, fire, etc. So robustness here means more than simple reliable transmission, but entails suc</p><p>　　Human Machine Interfaces</p><p>　　As we have already seen, the intelligent building i

43、mplies the existence of a sophisticated and highly robust computer/telecommunications systems infrastructure. What this additionally implies is the presence of viable human-machine interfaces, ranging from telephone sets

44、 on up to voice-well. The design of such interfaces has much more than a technological side in that a wide range of human engineering considerations must be handled; this means attention to the use of colors, the physica

45、l aspects</p><p>　　Optical Fibers and Other Emerging Technologies</p><p>　　The authors have been particularly interested in the use of optical fibers and other new related technologies in the bu

46、ilding context. They on occasion encountered outright resistance to their use, based on more than economic arguments. With the emergence of single-mode fibers as the fibers of choice in the outside plant, we advance the

47、thesis that they will also become such in building applications. Whether this will be the case or not is to be seen, but much attention has already been paid to </p><p>　　Observations on Our Own Experience&l

48、t;/p><p>　　In the light of our own experience with intelligent buildings, we would like to make a few simple observations. First of all, we found that there was a big gap between the idealistic image of the int

49、elligent building and the reality of implementing one. For example, the various groups involved in constructing a building seem not to talk to each other very much; the construction people, the telecommunications workers

50、, and the electrical/mechanical equipment groups seem to go their own merry way. </p><p>　　We also deeply felt the need for some of the software tools mentioned in the preceding section. Preparing the call f

51、or bids was extremely onerous, as was the comparison of the results simulate a number of different configurations and scenarios. </p><p>　　The set of value-added services to be offered requires careful study

52、, marketing, and implementation. While these services may attract clientele (tenants), one must not assume they in fact will do so; consequently, a flexible core system must be installed that can expand gracefully as use

53、r needs expand and change.</p><p>　　Conclusions</p><p>　　We have attempted to give the reader a quick glance at a number of general issues raised by intelligent buildings. The field is still you

54、ng and much work remains to be done before we even approach the idealized version of intelligent buildings described by us. All the same, a number of extremely interesting and viable buildings have been and are being bui

55、lt, and we expect this trend to continue, especially as we must provide to our office workers ever more sophisticated working environments so a</p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p><b>

56、　　智能建筑概念的調(diào)查</b></p><p><b>　　智能建筑的范例</b></p><p>　　在前面的段落中，我們已經(jīng)確定了兩個(gè)大型智能建筑類：多租戶和單租戶。隸屬于租賃機(jī)構(gòu)的多租戶建筑物希望使用增值的智能樓宇提供服務(wù)，增加其收入，不僅把辦公空間出租或租賃給住戶，而且還有一個(gè)吸引人的捆綁服務(wù)。在這種情況下，許多企業(yè)租戶占用建筑物和共享服務(wù)。單個(gè)企

57、業(yè)占用了單租戶樓房，例如企業(yè)總部或分支機(jī)構(gòu)為適應(yīng)其企業(yè)目標(biāo)而安排的“情報(bào)”的建設(shè)。通常在這類建筑的租戶也就是它的主人。此樓提供情報(bào)的動(dòng)機(jī)不是為了多租戶大樓業(yè)主的收入，而是為了更有效地幫助企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)其企業(yè)目標(biāo)。</p><p>　　大學(xué)，醫(yī)院，政府和工業(yè)園里形成了一種特殊情況下的單租戶樓房。例如，高校為學(xué)生、教師和管理員提供廣泛的計(jì)算機(jī)和電信服務(wù)，并更有效地聘請教授的工作人員，例如尋找方法讓教授給他們課程的分類越來越

58、大。因此，我們看到出現(xiàn)的所謂的“有線校園”，是解決這種情況的智能建筑技術(shù)方案的第一個(gè)步驟。</p><p><b>　　多租戶大樓</b></p><p>　　這一類建筑物的例子包括：</p><p>　　*紐約的洛克菲勒中心</p><p>　　*維吉尼亞州亨頓的軟件生產(chǎn)率促進(jìn)聯(lián)盟</p><p&g

59、t;<b>　　*達(dá)拉斯廣場</b></p><p><b>　　*在達(dá)拉斯的線人</b></p><p><b>　　*紐約華爾街</b></p><p>　　*舊金山馬拉松廣場大廈</p><p>　　*舊金山市作物大樓1號(hào)樓</p><p>　　在

60、大多數(shù)情況下，這些建筑物是大型的高層大廈（三十至五十層）和這類的大廈群。電梯可以“講話”給乘客，如果乘客要求的話甚至可以提供天氣消息。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)居住者進(jìn)入辦公室時(shí)紅外探測器將燈打開，當(dāng)所有人離開12分鐘后紅外探測器將燈關(guān)閉。成千上萬的傳感器檢測到內(nèi)部環(huán)境中的溫度在一定程度的變化。在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，其他傳感器將發(fā)出報(bào)警和通知消防部門和警察以及將電梯移動(dòng)到戰(zhàn)略位置。</p><p>　　這些建筑物是由先進(jìn)的電話系

61、統(tǒng)服務(wù)，讓每一個(gè)住戶擁有自己的電話線和獲得大范圍的電話和電信服務(wù)選項(xiàng)。我們過后會(huì)審查這些選項(xiàng)，但是，舉例來說，在長途電話的情況下，本系統(tǒng)將嘗試為租客確定最有利的呼叫線路。我們必須了解在這里，特別是在美國，這種服務(wù)不可忽視的重要性歸功于電信放松的一般管理制度;先前提供的本地電話公司自動(dòng)服務(wù)現(xiàn)在往往必須由用戶決定，他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己面對(duì)令人眼花繚亂的選擇時(shí)，將面對(duì)頗為陌生的語言（基本上沒有興趣）。因此，由大廈經(jīng)理接手了令智能建筑服務(wù)一體化的任

62、務(wù)。我們注意到其他工業(yè)國家已經(jīng)采取了一些放寬管制的措施，允許客戶選擇決定其內(nèi)部電話系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　智能大廈的范例</b></p><p>　　這個(gè)智能大廈的例子，在美國真實(shí)的歷史上，顯示了智能建筑的一些特性。</p><p><b>　　租戶共享服務(wù)有：</b></p><p>

63、　　*頂層通信：衛(wèi)星和微波</p><p>　　*安全性：可選控制卡的訪問</p><p>　　*數(shù)據(jù)處理：安裝局域網(wǎng)和商業(yè)軟件的能力</p><p>　　*電視/視頻：共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)和衛(wèi)星廣播天線（的發(fā)送和接收）</p><p><b>　　綜合建設(shè)管理的是：</b></p><p>　　* 能源管理

64、控制系統(tǒng):自動(dòng)化和計(jì)算機(jī)化，擁有共同的電纜廠，并自動(dòng)保持溫度，濕度和通風(fēng)</p><p>　　*安全性：計(jì)算機(jī)控制電梯，應(yīng)急電力和照明，煙霧和火災(zāi)探測，控制樓宇在緊急情況下的疏散和發(fā)送指示給整個(gè)建筑，俯瞰停車場（如果租戶需要立即修改租戶狀態(tài)）</p><p><b>　　單租戶大樓</b></p><p>　　單個(gè)建筑以各大型企業(yè)的總部大樓為例

65、。一些公司正在建設(shè)新的或改造他們已有的總部，例如，一個(gè)這類公司已經(jīng)在大樓里安裝基于有線電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)寬帶的同軸電纜，以補(bǔ)充內(nèi)部的電話系統(tǒng)。很明顯,構(gòu)造一個(gè)新大廈從一開始就能預(yù)見所需的建筑智能，這比改建舊建筑具有更好的可選擇性。因?yàn)?后者的情形,就建筑結(jié)構(gòu)性能來說,有利于安裝系統(tǒng),如現(xiàn)代企業(yè)內(nèi)部局域網(wǎng),PBXs, 能源管理控制系統(tǒng),諸如此類。</p><p>　　一個(gè)典型的例子是一個(gè)有150萬平方英尺面積的44層，200

66、米的大廈。樓層劃分如下：</p><p>　　1層：大堂，小型時(shí)裝店</p><p><b>　　2層：廚房和服務(wù)</b></p><p>　　3層：食堂（1000個(gè)座位）</p><p><b>　　4層：會(huì)議室</b></p><p>　　5層：會(huì)議室，機(jī)械室</p

67、><p>　　6層：電視節(jié)目室，機(jī)械室</p><p>　　7至41層：一般辦公室</p><p>　　42層：高級(jí)管理辦公室</p><p>　　43至44層：機(jī)械室</p><p>　　電梯供應(yīng)三家銀行：一家從1層到18層，另外一家從18層到30層，最后一家從30層到43層。每個(gè)樓層如果有24500平方英尺的面積，將組

68、成拉長六邊形的形式。此外，每層可容納185個(gè)工作站，平均為130至140個(gè)。一個(gè)以太網(wǎng)兼容的局域網(wǎng)使用光纖而不是同軸電纜的作為連傳輸介質(zhì)的工作站。它被譽(yù)為是世界上最大的運(yùn)營以太網(wǎng)，最多可容納3萬工作站。還有一個(gè)光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連的大約一千同步終端。電話系統(tǒng)和報(bào)警系統(tǒng)共享使用雙絞線電纜。在大樓里沒有用戶級(jí)交換機(jī)，，而是使用虛擬小交換機(jī)。該公司預(yù)計(jì)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)將足以用到2000年。</p><p>　　根據(jù)理想化的智能大廈前

69、面給出的描述，這棟樓是也許只有輕微的“智能”。同樣，一些在現(xiàn)場的基本要素，并預(yù)見到這類建筑智能版本是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)替代品。 </p><p><b>　　有線大學(xué)校園</b></p><p>　　今天我們強(qiáng)有力地推動(dòng)大學(xué)在通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施安裝足夠強(qiáng)大的工作站互連線，從大學(xué)社區(qū)各部門，學(xué)生工作站，實(shí)驗(yàn)室，教室，宿舍房間，教授和管理者的辦公室，圖書館和計(jì)算機(jī)中

70、心。由于在大多數(shù)情況下，改造舊樓的問題有時(shí)嚴(yán)重制約我們所做事情（以免破壞歷史價(jià)值的建筑物），而不是興建新的，這也許是一個(gè)典型的智能建筑活動(dòng)，即使當(dāng)然存在智能建筑的二次元素。一個(gè)典型的項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)正在安裝可覆蓋10000工作站，2個(gè)大型機(jī)，35超級(jí)小型機(jī)和圖書館的廣泛的校園網(wǎng)絡(luò)。寬帶同軸電纜網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在使用連接到城市的有線電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在這種裝置中，光纖已經(jīng)取代金屬介質(zhì)的校園骨干網(wǎng)。</p><p><b>　　為

71、進(jìn)一步研究的主題</b></p><p>　　有幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域是很多工作需要，如果我們希望實(shí)現(xiàn)在本文開頭提及的智能建筑的理想化形式。我們提出以下幾點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　智能大廈的協(xié)議和軟件工具</p><p>　　一個(gè)建筑代表了一個(gè)極其多樣化的電信環(huán)境，其骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)是相互聯(lián)系的大量附屬網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)備，有廣泛的工作特性（比特率，編碼格式等）。 這意味著網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議必須

72、能夠適應(yīng)這一切。此外，與ISDN和BISDN逐步滲透，我們有過多的必須連接到建筑物網(wǎng)絡(luò)的外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議。這表明，我們可以定義一個(gè)智能建筑的協(xié)議，將處理所有建筑物的內(nèi)部和外部接口需求。 在我們自己的工作之外，我們只知道智能建筑研究所顯然已經(jīng)參與研究這個(gè)話題。我們自己的工作還處在初步階段，但我們得遵守面向?qū)ο蟮囊?guī)范/模擬方法來的接近主題。</p><p>　　智能建筑的實(shí)施，需要大量以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的規(guī)范/仿真系統(tǒng)，將允許

73、設(shè)計(jì)者檢查各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置和模擬更有前途的實(shí)際可用的產(chǎn)品，允許設(shè)計(jì)師最終將內(nèi)部通信系統(tǒng)的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)完整。</p><p>　　最后，內(nèi)部通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)共享，一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理功能可以通過適當(dāng)調(diào)整專家系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行處理。內(nèi)部通信系統(tǒng)必須是強(qiáng)大的，所以這些功能應(yīng)認(rèn)真注意（例如，人們希望管理系統(tǒng)對(duì)存在有毒氣體，火災(zāi)等進(jìn)行報(bào)告并采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧赃@里的魯棒性不僅僅指簡單可靠的傳輸，而且需要設(shè)置報(bào)警，引起人們注意，并警告居民出現(xiàn)危

74、及生命的情況）。</p><p><b>　　人機(jī)界面</b></p><p>　　正如我們已經(jīng)看到，智能建筑意味著存在著一個(gè)復(fù)雜的和高度可靠的計(jì)算機(jī)/電信系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。其額外之意是存在可行的人機(jī)界面。這樣的接口設(shè)計(jì)可比在廣泛的人體工程學(xué)中考慮處理技術(shù)可強(qiáng)多了；這意味著需注意使用的顏色，用戶設(shè)備，菜單布局，鼠標(biāo)，觸摸屏的物理方面的注意等等。計(jì)算機(jī)/通訊工程師則必須與這

75、些領(lǐng)域的專家進(jìn)行合作。</p><p><b>　　光纖和其他新興技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　筆者對(duì)建筑方面使用的光纖和其它相關(guān)的新技術(shù)特別感興趣。他們會(huì)遇到基于超過經(jīng)濟(jì)參數(shù)的強(qiáng)大阻力。在選擇在廠外的纖維時(shí)單模光纖的出現(xiàn)，將提升我們的理論，他們也將建筑中得到應(yīng)用。這種情況是否出現(xiàn)在將來才能看到，但已非常重視在智能建筑的應(yīng)用纖維。此外，或許無線電技術(shù)將取代有線媒體

76、。但為確定智能建筑的物理互連方案我們必須做很多工作。</p><p><b>　　自己觀察到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)我們自己對(duì)智能建筑的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們應(yīng)進(jìn)行一些簡單的觀察。首先，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，智能建筑的理想情況和現(xiàn)場實(shí)施之間存在較大的差距。例如，施工過程中所涉及的各個(gè)部門之間幾乎沒有交流，，建筑工人，電信工人，電氣/機(jī)械設(shè)備部門都按自己的方式行事。設(shè)計(jì)師經(jīng)常脫

77、離他們必須親自參與的工程建設(shè)。投資者往往只看到工程的短期潛在利潤。在一個(gè)案例中，我們被告知將空調(diào)和能源管理控制系統(tǒng)留給他人，將自己限制在電信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中。租戶共享服務(wù)，是一個(gè)迷人的想法，但并不是沒有缺陷，它可能無法正常工作在更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管環(huán)境中。當(dāng)我們詢問有關(guān)光纖連接的護(hù)墻板的可行性時(shí)，電信公司房間里的我們都笑了（雖然競爭者設(shè)置了這樣的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)主要的項(xiàng)目在另一個(gè)城市）。在同行中有一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的傾向，就是按照配方類似的方法進(jìn)行建筑設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)有多少

78、平方英尺來確定需要多少終端；因此，我們必須具有預(yù)見這樣或那樣情況的能力，等等。如果按照這樣的估計(jì)，我們會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)。</p><p>　　我們也深切地感受到在上一節(jié)中提到的一些軟件工具的需求。準(zhǔn)備招標(biāo)是非常麻煩的，根據(jù)比較的結(jié)果來模擬不同的配置和場景。</p><p>　　提供附加服務(wù)的設(shè)置，需要認(rèn)真研究、市場推廣和落實(shí)。 雖然這些服務(wù)會(huì)吸引客戶（租戶），不要假設(shè)他們肯定會(huì)這樣做；

79、因此，必須安裝一個(gè)靈活的核心系統(tǒng)，可以根據(jù)用戶的需要優(yōu)雅地展開擴(kuò)大和變化。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　我們試圖讓讀者快速瀏覽一些智能樓宇提出的一般問題。，在接近我們所描述的智能樓宇的理想化的版本之前，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域仍然是年輕的，有許多工作有待我們?nèi)ネ瓿伞Ｍ瑯?，一些非常有趣的和可行的樓宇已?jīng)或正在興建，預(yù)計(jì)這一趨勢將繼續(xù)下去，尤其是必須提供