土木工程外文翻譯--混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計

1、<p><b>　　英文原文：</b></p><p>　　Concrete structure reinforcement design</p><p>　　SheyanboⅠ WangchenjiaⅡ</p><p>　?、?Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Dong

2、yu</p><p>　?、?Heilongjiang Province, East Building Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Coal</p><p>　　Abstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environment's func

3、tion, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineering's duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objectiv

4、e law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st ce</p><p>　　Key w

5、ord： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement </p><p>　　1 Concrete structure reinforcement </p><p>　　Concrete structure'

6、;s reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the ne

7、cessary technology. </p><p>　　the direct reinforcement's general method</p><p>　　1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law </p><p>　　Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in t

8、he reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cu

9、ts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.</p><p>　　In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increas

10、e along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the

11、 plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase th</p><p>　　Enlarges the section reinforce

12、ment law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scen

13、e construction's wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. </p><p>　　2) Replacement concretes reinf

14、orcement law</p><p>　　This law's merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect building's clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating

15、time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carrier's and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. </p><p>　　3) the caking outso

16、urcing section reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced component's outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory rei

17、nforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a who

18、le, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enh</p><p>　　This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law

19、, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protection's situation the high temperature place

20、; Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. </p><p>　　4)

21、 Sticks the steel reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sec

22、tor area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced component's supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. </p><p>　

23、　This law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure

24、outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in th

25、e normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member r</p><p>　　5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes wit

26、h the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity

27、the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs

28、</p><p>　　This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting ca

29、pacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. </p><p>　　6) Reeling law </p><p>　　This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of se

30、ctions to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situa

31、tion. </p><p>　　7) Fang bolt anchor law </p><p>　　This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20~C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not

32、 suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. </p><p>　　The indirect reinforcement's general method</p><p>　　Pre-stressed reinforce

33、ment law</p><p>　　(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axi

34、al tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fas

35、hion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the ecce</p><p>　　As a result of the horizontal lifting stem's function, the original component's section stress cha

36、racteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, component's supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original component's support

37、ing capacity 。</p><p>　　(2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under suppor

38、ts the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next

39、supports and pole end anchor spot) with component's combining site transmits for is reinforced th</p><p>　　This law can reduce is reinforced component's stress level, not only causes the reinforcemen

40、t effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as

41、is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes component's reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protection's situation, can</p><p>　　2

42、)Increases the supporting reinforcement law</p><p>　　The addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the compo

43、nent to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm building's original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suita

44、ble in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement. </p><p>　　1.3 Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary use's technology </p><p>

45、;　　1) The request trades the technology </p><p>　　It is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs

46、to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is

47、 suitable in had building's reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time</p><p>　　2）Plants the muscle technology </p><p>　　It is one item

48、 is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had building

49、9;s reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make u

50、p the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, go</p><p>　　3）Crack patching technology </p><p>　　According to the concretes crack's cause, the character and the size, use seal differently

51、protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack

52、processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pr</p><p>　　4）Carbon

53、ized concretes repair technology </p><p>　　It is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization c

54、reates to obtain the containment technology.</p><p>　　5）Concretes surface treatment technology </p><p>　　It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as

55、 well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. </p><p>　　6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technology</

56、p><p>　　It is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Li

57、ke the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. </p><p>　　7）Other technologies </p><p>　　Like the structure, the component s

58、hift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. </p><p>　　Bricking-up structure </p><p>　　Bricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structu

59、re's reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method. &

60、lt;/p><p>　　suitable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method</p><p>　　outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law belongs to th

61、e compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the construction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement, the supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and t

62、he construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wall wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after re

63、inforcing the building clearance has c</p><p>　　outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method o

64、ne kind. Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close, but enhances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforceme

65、nt, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.</p><p>　　the addition holds the

66、engaged column reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete

67、outside, but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly, and difficult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request, generally only in peneseismic country application. </p><p>　　suitable for the bricking-up

68、 structure indirect reinforcement method </p><p>　　1）non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method, its merit is the construc

69、tion is simple, the scene work load and the wet work are few, the stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supportin

70、g capacity large scale the bricking-up column's reinforcement; Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense, and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure. </p><p>　　2) pre-st

71、ressed stay rod reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up column's bearing capacity, and the reinforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stres

72、s, the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment. </p><p>　　2.3 bricking-up structure cons

73、tructivity reinforcement and patching</p><p>　　1) addition grid reinforcement </p><p>　　When the grid establishment does not meet the present design code requirement, either the vertical cross

74、wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either the house integrity is bad, should additionally build the grid to carry on the reinforcement </p><p>　　2)additionally builds the Liang pad re

75、inforcement </p><p>　　When under the summer beam the brick setting the wall presents by under the partial squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to car

76、ry on the reinforcement. </p><p>　　3)the bricking-up opens partially builds </p><p>　　When house partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason when not yet affects lo

77、ad-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition, and according to enhances the mortar strength first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds. </p><p>　　4)bricking-up crack patch

78、ing </p><p>　　Before carrying on crack patching, should act according to bricking-up component's stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up c

79、rack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target-oriented or using the corresponding reinforcement measure. </p><p>　　3 steel structures </p><p>　　Steel structure reinforceme

80、nt method: The steel structure reinforcement's main method includes: Reduces the load, the change structure computation graph, to enlarge the original structural unit section and the joint strength, the impediment fr

81、acture growth and so on. When has the mature experience, may also use other reinforcement method. </p><p>　　1) changes the structure computation graph </p><p>　　The change structure computatio

82、n graph's reinforcement method is refers to uses the change load spread condition, the power transmission way, the node nature and the boundary condition, the addition attachment member and the support, exerts the pr

83、e-stressed that measures and so on consideration space joint operation to carry on the reinforcement to the structure the method </p><p>　　2)enlarges the component section the reinforcement </p><

84、;p>　　Uses enlarges when the section reinforces the steel lumber, chooses the section form to be advantageous in the reinforcement specification and considered already has the flaw and the damage condition. </p>

85、<p>　　3)connection reinforcement and reinforcing member connection </p><p>　　The steel structure connection method, namely the welded joint, the rivet, the ordinary bolt and the high strength bold fa

86、stening method's choice, should the reason which, the goal, the stress condition, the structure and the execution conditions needs to reinforce according to the structure, and considers the structure original connect

87、ion method determination.</p><p>　　The steel structure reinforcement general uses the welded joint connection, the friction high strength bold fastening suitably, has when the basis may also use the welded j

88、oint and the friction high strength bolt's mixed connection. When uses the welded joint connects, should use after the evaluation approval welding process and the connection material.</p><p>　　4) crack r

89、epair and reinforcement　</p><p>　　Because the structure the load affects and the choice of material, the structure, the manufacture, the work repeatedly improper and so on produces has the extension or break

90、s time crisply the tendentious crack damage, should try to repair. Before the repair, must analyze has the crack reason and the influence gravity, adopts the improvement structure practical work target-oriented or carrie

91、s on the reinforcement the measure, to is not suitable uses the repair reinforcement the component, should </p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p><b>　　混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計</b></p><

92、;p>　　SheyanboⅡⅠWangchenjiaⅠ基礎(chǔ)工程有限公司黑龍江東宇Ⅱ黑龍江省東建筑地基基礎(chǔ)工程有限公司煤摘要：在長期的自然的環(huán)境下使用環(huán)境的功能結(jié)構(gòu)，其功能減弱不可避免地漸漸地，我們的結(jié)構(gòu)工程的責(zé)任不只是必須完成建設(shè)前期項目工作，但必須能夠科學(xué)評價結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞目標(biāo)法律和程度，并采用有效的方法保證結(jié)構(gòu)的安全使用，該結(jié)構(gòu)加固將成為一個重要的工作。什么可以預(yù)見將是21世紀(jì)，人類建筑的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，砌體式結(jié)構(gòu)等為主

93、另外，現(xiàn)階段我會覺得在結(jié)構(gòu)加固我們這方面的研究也應(yīng)借此作為主要的突破方向。關(guān)鍵詞：混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固,砌體式結(jié)構(gòu),鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)加固1混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的加固分為直接加固，并加強間接兩種，在設(shè)計時可根據(jù)實際條件和使用要求選擇適宜的方法和必要的技術(shù)。1.1直接加固的一般方法1）放大段加固法添加混凝土現(xiàn)澆鋼筋發(fā)生水平彎曲受壓區(qū)混凝土構(gòu)件，可能會增加部分有效高度，擴大截面面積，從而提高了組件的右側(cè)部分反彎，斜截面抗切割能力部分剛度，起