外文翻譯----- freescale單片機(jī)在汽車控制中的應(yīng)用

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Freescale Single-chip Microcomputer 's</p><p>　　in automobile control application</p><p>

2、　　Freescale has the rich micro processing unit (MCU), but widely uses in the automobile electrically controlled engine, the automobile body, the crew member safety, the vehicle door and the chair, the glass, ventilation

3、and air conditioning, skylight and light control, automobile local area network's gateway, communication facility, global positioning system and in other automobile control unit. Its product mainly includes 8/16 bit

4、micro controller (including HC08/HCS08, HC12/HCS12 and so on), 32 </p><p>　　1. 8 bit Single-chip Microcomputer MC68HC11F1 and application </p><p>　　1.1 Characteristics of MC68HC11F1</p>

5、<p>　　8 bit micro controller MC68HC11F1 is high performance flash memory technology low cost chip based on the CPU of 8 bit HC08 the CPU . Its dozens of kind of different specification's product may cause the u

6、ser to make a choice conveniently, the superior price performance ratio may cause the cost of the automobile electronic products to be more inexpensive. </p><p>　　Chief feature of MC68HC11F1 : Two kind of p

7、ower saving mode, stop and waiting; working normal in 3.0-5.0V voltage ; 0, 256b, 512b or 768b in on-chip RAM, Data of RAM will be retained in standby; 0, 12kb or 20kb in on-chip RAM or EPROM; Serical Communication Inte

8、rface SCI,8 channel, 8 bit A/D transducer ; 16 bit timer systems; 8 bit pulse accumulators, real-time interrupt electric circuit and so on. </p><p>　　1.2 MC68HC11F1 is employed in in automobile electronic c

9、ontrol system </p><p>　　Since Marelli simple point electronic fuel injectionn engine management system is promoted based on MC68HC11F1, our country Shenyang gold cup sea lion passenger car , the gold cup Ch

10、ina passenger vehicle, Anhui Chery passenger vehicle, the Tianjin Xiali passenger vehicle and so on has used this kind of engine management system . Below to take gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit for an exampl

11、e, I introduces MC68HC11F1 employed in in automobile electronic control system. </p><p>　　1.2.1 Compositions of system </p><p>　　As shown in Figure 1, gold cup simple point Marelli logic circ

12、uit is mainly composed of the below part: </p><p>　　Electric circuit's control core MC68HC11F1 (CPU), is Freescale 8 bit MCU of automobile special-purpose ; </p><p>　　Tristate bus driver 74

13、HC244 with enable, is the switch of status information input for air conditioning, oil pump, EVAP solenoid valve, idling motor and so on ;</p><p>　　8 groups rises along D trigger 74HC273 with reset , is driv

14、ing signal take-off valves for idling motor, host relay, trouble lamp, air conditioning relay power and so on ;</p><p>　　4. 512kb 8 bit read-only memory M27C512, uses for to save computer's master routin

15、e.</p><p><b>　　Reset</b></p><p><b>　　Date Bus</b></p><p>　　Figure 1 gold cup simple point Marelli logic circui</p><p>　　1.2.2 principles of wo

16、rk </p><p>　　Puting through the power source, power source chip L9710 starts to provide the work power source and sensor's reference voltage, the 8th foot output the low electric potential reset signal a

17、nd delivers to reset end of the CPU, simultaneously delivers to zero clearing end of 74HC273 to make its output end reset , CPU to enter launching state. </p><p>　　First carries on the replacement to the int

18、ernal hardware, establishes corresponding register, then starts Boot loader procedure, carries on the procedure loading. Reads master routine in the M27C512 in internal RAM , and enters run condition of the programthrou

19、gh the skipping instruction. The master routine outputs logic “1” (high electric potential) through data bus D2 , after this signal is locked by the 74HC273 outputing the high electric potential control signal from the

20、6th foot,makes th</p><p>　　2. 16 Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256 and application</p><p>　　2.1 Characteristics of MC9S12DP256 </p><p>　　MC9S12DP256 is high speed, the high perf

21、ormance, 5.0V the Flash memory's 16 bit micro controllers which based on 16 bit HCS12 CPU and 0.25 um microelectronic technology . Its high performance-to-price ratio is suitable in some upscale automobile control s

22、ystem, the simple background development pattern will also further reduce the development cost , simultaneously also will cause the scene development and the system upgrade becomes more convenient. </p><p>　

23、　Basic frequency of MC9S12DP256 reached as high as 25 MHz, many standard modules are also integrated on the piece, including 2 Serical Communication Interface ,3 Serial Peripheral Interface, 8 channels the timer input c

24、apture/output comparison ,2 of ten bit 8 channels conversion module of A/D,one of 8 channels Pulse Width Modulate, 49 of independent digit I/O mouth (which of 20 have the function of the external interrupt and awakens),

25、combined 5 of CAN module with CAN2.0A/B agreement as well as </p><p>　　2.2 MC9S12DP256 is employed in in automobile electronic control system </p><p>　　Figure 2 is the typical schematic diagram

26、of automobile gating system . Its central </p><p>　　microcontroller selects Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256, MC33389A, MC33884, MC33887, MC33486 and so on is the Freescale intelligence simulation comp

27、onent. Which of MC33389A is power switch chip providing the CPU working voltage (5V);it turns the ignition swithing signal, the vehicle door switching signal and the panel switch signal by SPI on the micro controller to

28、carry on awakens, reset , interrupt and so on; Also it has the fault-tolerant function driver of CAN physics level ; In additi</p><p>　　VBATT rear view mirror position electrical motor&

29、lt;/p><p><b>　　VBATT</b></p><p>　　Ignition switch</p><p>　　rear view mirror folding </p><p>　　Car door </

30、p><p>　　Monitoring</p><p>　　CANH R1</p><p>　　CANL R2 RXJTX RXJTX</p><p>　　VBATT Latching elec

31、trical motor </p><p>　　Monitoring</p><p>　　car window elevator</p><p>　　VBATT </p><p>　　Panel lighting Sys

32、tem diagnosis electrical motor </p><p>　　Figure 2 automobile gating control system </p><p>　　3 32 Single-chip Microcomputer MPC500 and application </p><p&g

33、t;　　3.1 Characteristics of MPC500 </p><p>　　As this domain's lead goat, the MPC500 series has passed through designed specially, has satisfied the strict working conditions request which the high speed

34、 travel automobile needed. the entire product line including not flash memory MPC561,MPC566 which built-in 1M flash memory and so on, aims at many kinds of different application environment. May apply in dynamic transfer

35、 systems like gasoline engine management, direct fuel injection, electronic transmission control and so on as well as the s</p><p>　　The MPC500 intension including a system integration mold (SIM), a time pro

36、cessing unit (TPU), a queue serial interface mold (QSM), the 2k static state stochastic memory, has the TPU simulation ability (TPURAM). Uses the HCMOS technology, may further reduce the product power loss, simultaneousl

37、y the command system contains special-purpose low power loss instruction LPSTOP. Under the system clock stopped state, the power dissipation is lowest.</p><p>　　3.2 MPC500 is employed in in automobile electr

38、onic control system </p><p>　　MPC500 mainly applies in the new motor car engine management system , like GM P5, P6 series engine management system . Figure 3 is engine management system which based on 32 bi

39、t MPC500 .</p><p>　　4 Summary</p><p>　　Since the mid-1990s, the intelligence electronic products' has been getting more and more widespread apply in automobile , already rapidly expand for

40、 automobile synthesis electronic control technology. It take the large scale integrated circuit and the controller local area network as the characteristic, including the Single-chip Microcomputer , the clever power sour

41、ce and the intelligent sensor, it utilizes the computer network and the communication tecnology, both can expand the original limit</p><p>　　Figure 3 composite strategy of 32 bit MPC500 micro controller'

42、;s engine management </p><p><b>　　system</b></p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　Freescale單片機(jī)在汽車控制中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　Freescale擁有

43、豐富的微處理單元（MCU），可廣泛用于汽車電控發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、車身、乘員安全、車門和座椅、車窗、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)、天窗和燈光控制，汽車局域網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)關(guān)、通信設(shè)備、全球定位系統(tǒng)及其他汽車控制單元中。其產(chǎn)品主要包括8/16位微控制器（包括HC08/HCS08、HC12/HCS12等）、32位位微控制器（包括PowerPC、ColdFire、ARM等）</p><p>　　1. 8位單片機(jī)MC68HC11F1及其應(yīng)用</p>

44、<p>　　1.1 MC68HC11F1的特征</p><p>　　MC68HC11F1 8位微控制器是基于8位HC08 CPU高性能閃存技術(shù)的低成本芯片。其數(shù)十種不同規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品可使用戶更方便地進(jìn)行選擇，優(yōu)越的性能價(jià)格比可使汽車電子產(chǎn)品的成本更低廉。</p><p>　　MC68HC11F1的主要特征：兩種省電模式，停止和等待；3.0-5.0V電壓均可正常工作；0、256b、

45、512b或768b在片RAM，RAM數(shù)據(jù)在待機(jī)時(shí)保留；0、12kb或20kb在片RAM或EPROM，；異步串行通信接口SCI，8通道，8位A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器；16位定時(shí)器系統(tǒng)；8位脈沖累加器，實(shí)時(shí)中斷電路等。</p><p>　　1.2 MC68HC11F1 在汽車電子控制中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　自推出采用 MC68HC11F1的瑪瑞利單點(diǎn)電噴發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)以來(lái)，我國(guó)沈陽(yáng)金杯海獅客車、金杯

46、中華轎車、安徽奇瑞轎車、天津夏利轎車等都采用了這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)。下面以金杯單點(diǎn)瑪瑞利邏輯電路為例，介紹 MC68HC11F1在汽車電子控制中的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　1.2.1 系統(tǒng)組成</p><p>　　如圖1所示，金杯單點(diǎn)瑪瑞利邏輯電路主要由以下部件組成：</p><p>　　電路的控制核心 MC68HC11F1（CPU），為摩托羅拉8位汽車專用MCU；

47、</p><p>　　帶使能端的三態(tài)總線驅(qū)動(dòng)器74HC244，為空調(diào)、油泵、EVAP電磁閥、怠速電機(jī)等設(shè)備的狀態(tài)信息輸入開(kāi)關(guān)；</p><p>　　帶復(fù)位端的8路上升沿D觸發(fā)器74HC273，為怠速電機(jī)、主繼電器、故障指示燈、空調(diào)繼電器等驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)的輸出開(kāi)關(guān)；</p><p>　　512kb 8位只讀存儲(chǔ)器M27C512，用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)電腦的主程序。</p>

48、<p><b>　　Reset</b></p><p><b>　　Date Bus</b></p><p>　　圖1 金杯單點(diǎn)馬瑞利邏輯電路</p><p>　　1.2.2 工作原理</p><p>　　接通電源，電源芯片L9710開(kāi)始提供工作電源及傳感器的參考電壓，8號(hào)腳輸出低電位

49、復(fù)位信號(hào)并送至CPU的復(fù)位端，同時(shí)送到74HC273的清零端使其輸出清零，CPU進(jìn)入啟動(dòng)狀態(tài)。首先對(duì)內(nèi)部硬件進(jìn)行復(fù)位，設(shè)置相應(yīng)的寄存器，然后開(kāi)始Boot loader程序，進(jìn)行程序裝載。將M27C512中的主程序讀入內(nèi)部的RAM中，并通過(guò)跳轉(zhuǎn)指令進(jìn)入程序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。主程序從數(shù)據(jù)總線D2上輸出邏輯“1”（高電位），該信號(hào)經(jīng)74HC273鎖存后從6號(hào)腳輸出高電位控制信號(hào)，使主繼電器接通，將12V電源加到噴油器及點(diǎn)火線圈等外部設(shè)備上。然后通過(guò)P

50、A、PE口讀入轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)和外部傳感器信號(hào)，以判斷車輛當(dāng)前的運(yùn)行工況，并根據(jù)當(dāng)前工況從PD、PG口及數(shù)據(jù)總線（經(jīng)74HC273鎖存）輸出相應(yīng)的使設(shè)備進(jìn)入運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)。再通過(guò)PA、PD、PG及數(shù)據(jù)總線（經(jīng)74HC244驅(qū)動(dòng)）讀入相應(yīng)設(shè)備的狀態(tài)信息，與M27C512中的控制規(guī)則圖進(jìn)行比較，優(yōu)化并調(diào)整點(diǎn)火與噴油系的控制。邏輯電路、傳感器及執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)成閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)處于最佳狀態(tài)。</p><p>　　2. 16

51、位單片機(jī)MC9S12DP256及其應(yīng)用</p><p>　　2.1 MC9S12DP256的特征</p><p>　　MC9S12DP256是基于16位HCS12 CPU及0.25 um微電子技術(shù)的高速、高性能，帶5.0V Flash存儲(chǔ)器的16位微控制器。其較高的性價(jià)比非常適合于一些中高檔汽車控制系統(tǒng)，較簡(jiǎn)單的背景開(kāi)發(fā)模式也會(huì)使開(kāi)發(fā)成本進(jìn)一步降低，同時(shí)也使現(xiàn)場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)與系統(tǒng)升級(jí)變得更加方便。

52、</p><p>　　MC9S12DP256的主頻高達(dá)25 MHz，片上還集成了許多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模塊，包括2個(gè)異步串行通信口SCI、3個(gè)同步串行通信口SPI、8通道輸入捕捉／輸出比較定時(shí)器、2個(gè)、10位8通道A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、1個(gè)8通道脈寬調(diào)制模塊、49個(gè)獨(dú)立數(shù)字I/O口（其中20個(gè)具有外部中斷及喚醒功能）、兼容CAN2.0A/B協(xié)議的5個(gè)CAN模塊以及一個(gè)內(nèi)部IC總線模塊；片內(nèi)擁有256kb的Flash EEPRROM、

53、12kb的RAM、4kb的EEPROM。</p><p>　　2.2 MC9S12DP256在汽車電子控制中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　圖2為典型的汽車門控系統(tǒng)示意圖。其中央微控制器選用MC9S12DP256單片機(jī)，MC33389A、MC33884、MC33887、MC33486等均為Freescale智能模擬器件。其中：MC33389A為開(kāi)關(guān)電源芯片，提供CPU工作電壓（5V）；可將點(diǎn)

54、火開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)、車門開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)及面板開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)由SPI接入微控制器，進(jìn)行喚醒、復(fù)位和中斷等工作；還具有容錯(cuò)功能的CAN物理層驅(qū)動(dòng)器；此外，它可將系統(tǒng)接入整車網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。MC33884的主要作用是實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)面板開(kāi)關(guān)的狀態(tài)并驅(qū)動(dòng)面板的照明燈。MC33887是一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路芯片，可用于后視鏡位置電機(jī)、后視鏡折疊電機(jī)及門鎖電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)，該功能也可選用MC33884配合獨(dú)立的MOS驅(qū)動(dòng)管來(lái)完成。MC33290主要用于整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的診斷。</p><

55、p>　　VBATT </p><p><b>　　后視鏡位置電動(dòng)</b></p><p>　　點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān) VBATT</p><p>　　車門

56、 后視鏡折疊電機(jī)</p><p><b>　　監(jiān)測(cè)面板</b></p><p>　　CANH R1 RXJTX RX</p><p><b>　　R2</b></p><p><b>　

57、　CANL </b></p><p><b>　　閉鎖電機(jī)</b></p><p><b>　　VBATT</b></p><p><b>　　監(jiān)測(cè)面板</b></p><p>　　VBATT

58、 </p><p>　　面板照明燈 </p><p>　　系統(tǒng)診斷 車窗玻璃升降</p><p><b>　　電機(jī)</b></p><p>　　圖2 汽車門控系統(tǒng)</p><p>

59、;　　3 32位單片機(jī)MPC500及其應(yīng)用</p><p>　　3.1 MPC500的特征</p><p>　　作為該領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)頭羊，MPC500系列經(jīng)專門設(shè)計(jì)，滿足了高速行駛汽車所需的嚴(yán)格的工作環(huán)境要求。整個(gè)產(chǎn)品系列包括無(wú)閃存的MPC561和內(nèi)置1M閃存的MPC566等，以針對(duì)多種不同的應(yīng)用環(huán)境?？蓱?yīng)用于汽油機(jī)管理、直接燃油噴射、電子傳動(dòng)控制等動(dòng)力傳輸系統(tǒng)及穩(wěn)定控制系統(tǒng)和懸掛應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。M

60、PC500系列MCU還具有浮點(diǎn)單元和智能時(shí)鐘等創(chuàng)新功能，能滿足控制速度和精度要求。</p><p>　　MPC500內(nèi)包含一個(gè)系統(tǒng)集成模組（SIM）、一個(gè)時(shí)間處理單元（TPU）、一個(gè)隊(duì)列串行接口模組（QSM）、2k靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器，帶有TPU仿真能力（TPURAM）。采用HCMOS技術(shù)，可進(jìn)一步降低產(chǎn)品功耗，同時(shí)指令系統(tǒng)包含專用低功耗指令LPSTOP。系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘停止?fàn)顟B(tài)下，功率消耗最低。</p><

61、;p>　　3.2 MPC500在汽車電子控制中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　MPC500主要應(yīng)用于新型汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)中，如GM的P5、P6系列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)。圖3是基于32位MPC500微控制器的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)組 成方案。</p><p>　　圖3 32位MPC500微控制器的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)組成方案</p><p><b>　　4 總結(jié)<

62、;/b></p><p>　　自20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來(lái)，智能電子產(chǎn)品在汽車中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，已迅速發(fā)展為汽車綜合電子控制技術(shù)。它以大規(guī)模集成電路和控制器局域網(wǎng)為特征，包括單片機(jī)、靈巧的電源及智能的傳感器，它運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信技術(shù)，既能將原來(lái)有限的綜合性電子控制系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)大成汽車整體綜合控制系統(tǒng)，又可與汽車外部道路、交通、通信條件聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)，使汽車成為智能交通系統(tǒng)或智能道路系統(tǒng)的一部分。</p>