數(shù)控專業(yè)外文翻譯--換刀坐標(biāo)

1、<p><b>　　譯文一</b></p><p><b>　　換刀坐標(biāo)</b></p><p>　　該機有手動換刀設(shè)施和通過主軸停止響應(yīng)換刀操作并完全回到它刀庫的位置。M06也會將關(guān)閉冷卻液如果它流動。</p><p>　　工作表應(yīng)該先被定位能讓在高速主軸的刀具可拆卸和更換不受來自工作或副主軸的影響。該設(shè)備提供

2、機床工作臺必須放置在經(jīng)營者朝向這臺機器的左側(cè)和后方。</p><p>　　這也是能夠使操作者拿得到刀具，無需彎腰工作。</p><p>　　要確定一個安全的位置變化，有必要考慮工作的工作臺上的位置的坐標(biāo)編程工具。參考圖11.3，機器設(shè)置點是在機X175和Y110的坐標(biāo)。在所需的方向X軸300-175=325mm和Y軸110mm有最大可能的運動。</p><p>　　

3、提供間隙是為了防止覆蓋微動開關(guān)被打開，這個建議是指最大可能的運動不應(yīng)該被編程。換刀選擇的坐標(biāo)為X300和Y-100。這樣會布置儀表為的是可以間隙為25mm和10mm 分別在X軸和Y軸方向上進行微動。使換刀裝置將改變機床工作臺移動為的使相對于中心軸中心位置機床工作臺將如圖11.3所示。</p><p>　　機器上有自動換刀裝置，它可能沒有必要計算換刀坐標(biāo)?？刂葡到y(tǒng)可自動定位的刀具主軸換刀編程工具的傳輸機制時，準備在

4、正確的位置。在這里有必要計算坐標(biāo)主軸頭移動，以便有足夠的空間操作無干擾的傳輸機制是必不可少的。</p><p>　　在設(shè)定的機器期間第一部分將被放置在副軸當(dāng)機器處于手動控制。當(dāng)計算機程序控制下，新工作的空白將取代完成所有的加工操作結(jié)束時。為了提供足夠的空間進行工作的變化，機械表應(yīng)遠離主軸上的刀具和機器的前面或到最近的位置，便于操作者操作。這樣是工具到操作者的手中。在打開鉗口之前，切屑會被清除。顯然在安全工作實踐中

5、主要刀具主軸在最后一塊換工作之前將會被編程停止轉(zhuǎn)動。</p><p>　　機器的設(shè)定點X175和Y110，因此最大可能的機器的運動儀表在機器的右邊和機器的前面是在X軸上-175mm，并在Y軸上300-100=190mm。允許一些在定位上機臺副緯度，并提供間隙，以防止被激活的微型覆蓋，選擇一個安全的位置改變工作程序坐標(biāo)是X-150和Y170。機械表在工作中不斷變化的相對主軸的中心位置，如圖11.3所示。</p

6、><p><b>　　設(shè)置銑削和鉆削刀具</b></p><p>　　如果機器有一個刀具儲存設(shè)施，刀具可以自動選擇，該刀具已被放置在對應(yīng)的位置是由程序員編號分配。如果該刀具有一個內(nèi)置的識別可識字的感應(yīng)機制，裝載的刀具在特定的位置并不重要。參見第3章信息的刀具。如果機器有一個刀具轉(zhuǎn)塔工具必須安裝在正確的位置。。對刀加工中心使用多點的工具主要是Z軸數(shù)據(jù)，因為它是不可能改變的銑

7、刀和鉆頭的直徑。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)置刀具的Z坐標(biāo)</b></p><p>　　所使用的工具，將有不同的長度，和刀具具已設(shè)置，編程運動發(fā)生在相關(guān)工作的一部分。這就要求時，或結(jié)束每個工具接觸到的部分工作或是在選定的位置由部分程序員是數(shù)零基準，讀出的控制單元也為零，特殊工具。</p><p>　　有不同的方法，確保正確的程序的每一個動作

8、時所需的部分工作：</p><p><b>　　確定的Z方向偏移值</b></p><p><b>　　預(yù)定長度的工具</b></p><p><b>　　使用傳感器探頭。</b></p><p><b>　　移動主軸</b></p><

9、;p>　　在設(shè)置了刀具要先進的Z軸;這項運動在主軸的工具手動控制利用慢速設(shè)施或電子手輪的。</p><p><b>　　外文原文一</b></p><p>　　Coordinates for tool changing</p><p>　　The machine has manual tool changing facilities, a

10、nd responds to a tool change operation by the spindle stopping and retracting fully to its home position. M06 also turns the coolant off if it is flowing.</p><p>　　The work table should be positioned so that

11、 the tools can be removed and replaced in the spindle nose without interference from the work or vice. To provide this facility the machine table has to be moved away from the operator towards the left and the rear of th

12、e machine.</p><p>　　This will also enable the operator to be able to reach for the tool without having to lean over the work.</p><p>　　To determine the programmed coordinates of a safe position

13、for tool changing it is necessary to consider the position of the work on the work table. With reference to Figure 11.3, the machine setting point is at machine coordinates of X175 and Y110. there is a maximum possible m

14、ovement in the direction required of 300-175=325 ㎜ on the X axis and 110 ㎜on the Y axis.</p><p>　　To provide clearance to prevent the override microswitches being activated, it is recommended that the maximu

15、m possible movement should not be programmed. The coordinates chosen for the tool change are X 300 and Y –100.these will position the table so that there will be clearances of 25 and 10 ㎜respectively on the X and Y axes

16、to the microswitches. For a tool change the machine table will move so that the position of the centre of the spindle relative to the machine table will be as shown in Fig</p><p>　　On machines which have aut

17、omatic tool changing facilities it may not be necessary to calculate the coordinates for tool changing. The control system may automatically position the tool spindle at the correct position ready for the tool transfer m

18、echanism when a tool change is programmed. Where it is necessary to calculate the coordinates it is essential that the spindle head is moved so that there is adequate clearance for the transfer mechanism to operate witho

19、ut interference.</p><p>　　The first component will be placed in the vice when the machine is under manual control during the setting up of the machine . when the machine is under program control, new work bl

20、anks will replace the finished workplace at the end of all the machineing operations. To provide sufficient space to carry out the work change, the machine table should be moved away from the tool in the spindle and towa

21、rds the front of the machine or to a position nearest and convenient to the operator. This gives th</p><p>　　The machine setting point is X 175 and Y 110, and therefore the maximum possible movement of the m

22、achine table towards the right and front of the machine is –175 ㎜ on the X axis, and 300-100=190 ㎜ on the Y axis.to allow some latitude in the positioning of the vice on the machine table and to provide clearance to prev

23、ent the override microswitches being activated, the program coordinates selected for a safe position for changing the work are X –150 and Y 170. The position of the centre of the spi</p><p>　　Setting milling

24、 and drilling tools</p><p>　　If the machine has a tool storage facility from which tools can be automatically selected, the tools have to be placed in the correct numbered location as allocated by the progra

25、mmer. If the tools have a built-in identification which can be resd by the sensing mechanism, the loading of the tools in specific locations is not so important. See Chapter 3 for information on tool identification. If t

26、he machine has a tool turrent the tools have to be mounted in the correct station. Tool setting on mac</p><p>　　Setting the tools to the Z satum</p><p>　　The tools used will be of different leng

27、ths, and every tool has to be set so that its programmed movement takes place at the relevant part of the work. This requires that when the point or end of each tool is in contact with that part of the work or is at the

28、location selected by the part programmer to be the Z zero datum, the readout in the control unit is also zero for that particular tool.</p><p>　　There are different methods of ensuring that the correct progr

29、ammed Z movement of each tool occurs at the required part of the work:</p><p>　　Determining the Z offset values</p><p>　　Presetting length of tools</p><p>　　Use of sensor probes.<

30、;/p><p>　　Moving the spindle</p><p>　　During the setting up the tools have to be advanced on the Z axis ; this movement of the tools in the spindle is manually controlled by utilizing the jog facil

31、ity or electronic handwheel.</p><p><b>　　譯文二</b></p><p><b>　　換刀措施</b></p><p>　　對于數(shù)控機床的高效運作，它是必不可少的，是在規(guī)定的時間提供正確的工具。換刀應(yīng)該能夠盡快進行，因為雖然它是必不可少的改變工具，所花費的時間開展這些行動確實沒有

32、積極的工作，只有當(dāng)工作材料將被減少，或有任何改變在形狀或大小的工作是獲得任何經(jīng)濟利益。</p><p>　　確保機器上的持有人的機制設(shè)計應(yīng)確保刀架在機器上只有一個位置，這是有可能找到適當(dāng)注意操作的安全應(yīng)付。</p><p>　　對于情況下，有可能是一臺機器或小的數(shù)字，手動換刀數(shù)控機床被廣泛使用。然而，連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)的機器，如柔性制造單元，各種可編程的自動換刀技術(shù)已發(fā)展有許多優(yōu)勢，如：</p

33、><p><b>　　無人操作的機器</b></p><p>　　提供信息管理上的次數(shù)已經(jīng)使用的工具</p><p>　　更準確地估計加工成本改變工具的時間，因為被稱為</p><p>　　一般換刀時間是減少了。</p><p><b>　　手動換刀</b></p>

34、<p>　　這是最復(fù)雜的方法與手動換刀的一個重要的考慮因素是，高效的運作是依賴于操作的能力，以選擇正確的工具來加載。但也有一些優(yōu)勢用這種方法加載工具。</p><p>　　改變與快速夾緊行動刀柄的工具時，從整體時間停下來重新啟動切割自動方法可以接近。</p><p>　　有沒有理論限制的工具，可以從中選擇。</p><p>　　工具可以很容易地檢查后，每

35、一個變化，以決定他們是否需要再磨。檢查將不會增加，因為它可以發(fā)生時已加載的工具是切割加工時間。</p><p><b>　　刀具識別</b></p><p>　　對于數(shù)控機床，它通常是必要的數(shù)量為被分配到每一個刀具。在零件程序的數(shù)量可能要進入到機器控制單元的輸入;數(shù)量必須是刀架本身，或在該工具安裝在機器上的位置。刀具識別是非常重要的，因為一個錯誤的刀具，可以造成相當(dāng)大

36、的事故。</p><p>　　在手工更改刀具必須由操作員選擇。一個熟練的操作人員應(yīng)該能夠認識到一個特定的加工操作，尤其是當(dāng)一項行動計劃和工具詳細表已提供使用的工具。為方便操作者有各種刀具識別，可用于輔助工具。一種方法是有一個特殊的立場，在該刀具在編號的地點舉行 - 連接到控制單元的立場。從零件程序中存儲的信息被稱為特定操作所需的工具，并在中立場所需的工具位置的光照亮，或控制單元的屏幕上顯示的位置編號。這樣的安排是

37、必不可少的刀具被放置在正確的位置，在設(shè)立階段，正確使用后也取代。</p><p>　　自動換刀系統(tǒng)使用的數(shù)字標(biāo)識的工具。一個系統(tǒng)用于識別工具本身有一系列環(huán)或光盤上裝有刀架體加工中心。環(huán)都是平等的厚度，但是兩個不同的直徑。大直徑環(huán)激活在讀數(shù)頭上；大直徑環(huán)激活微調(diào)讀數(shù)頭;有一個微調(diào)每個環(huán)被稱為“墊片”，不激活微調(diào)。創(chuàng)建一個二進制數(shù)字格式信號激活和間隔環(huán)放置在選定的地方，如在圖3.14所示。創(chuàng)建的數(shù)量由被激活微調(diào)的某些

38、被發(fā)送到控制單元。通常是擰衣領(lǐng)，使環(huán)和墊片可以在設(shè)計的順序安排創(chuàng)建工具數(shù)量可以拆除。它是必不可少的工具庫，其中列出了所有可用的工具。有各種方式，在不同類型的工具可以識別的。在圖3.14中的二進制前三名環(huán)可以用來指示工具的類型，其余環(huán)，可以用來顯示工具的大小。</p><p>　　另一個刀具識別系統(tǒng)使用小型密封膠囊嵌入在刀柄的持有人。外殼的膠囊防水不銹鋼制成；陶瓷蓋的感應(yīng)面抗鐵水芯片。</p><

39、;p>　　這個系統(tǒng)有兩種形式于一體，形成有持有與安裝的柄膠囊刀柄嵌入膠囊。每粒生成一個單一的十進制數(shù)字閱讀站。刀庫，這是7mm徑和mm厚可以被粘在刀柄孔或持有人可以很容易地改變，如果必要的元素可以舉行。工具的數(shù)量是“讀”時，在接近傳感頭的工具傳遞。讀數(shù)頭包含電路和電感耦合產(chǎn)生的數(shù)量。據(jù)悉，數(shù)量的讀數(shù)速度可達30M/MIN到。個別刀庫具有記憶容量存儲多達1數(shù)據(jù)K位。信息的書面和閱讀'可以是16位工具，細節(jié)上的工具設(shè)置的長度和

40、直徑偏移，刀具壽命等。</p><p>　　數(shù)控中心還有一批刀具夾持系統(tǒng)，但之間的對比式的工具，用于加工中心和車削中心的結(jié)果在不同的塔樓和雜志的工具改變安排。</p><p><b>　　加工中心刀柄</b></p><p>　　銑削和鉆孔機上有一個快速抓行動刀柄的數(shù)量。一類是有需要不到一個完整的回合，以確保主軸刀架的主軸夾緊環(huán)。另一種類型都有

41、一個拉桿傳遞到刀柄結(jié)束通過主軸和螺釘?shù)闹行睦胫鬏S持有人的安全。拉桿可以快速旋轉(zhuǎn)，由一種特殊的機制。圖3.17顯示了一個空氣驅(qū)動的液壓動力拉桿。其中有一個安全鎖，以防止主軸轉(zhuǎn)動，如果不正確位于工具。裝載手冊的工具持有人可以被釋放時，操作員按下一個按鈕機頭。釋放性的工具為自動加載工具可以編程。</p><p>　　一個常見的類型有柄不粘錐形，其中有一個夾角16度的順序，而不是如其中有一個約3度的角度的錐的摩擦式錐度

42、。有標(biāo)準尺寸刀柄柄，大小不等，從第 10 ISO到第60ISO，這些都與順序分別為16mm和108mm最大規(guī)模的蠟燭。這種類型的持有人，來自推動主軸刀架在插槽從事鼻子上的電源鍵。錐度部分，以確保時繪制成主軸刀架，刀具中心是硬幣的入射與主軸中心。刀架可以快速，輕松地換除，因為不鎖錐度，夾緊機制被釋放時，刀架是免費的。與莫氏錐柄工具持有人獲得動力，從刀柄和主軸之間的摩擦，必須有某種形式的彈射裝置，以消除刀架。</p><

43、p><b>　　外文原文二</b></p><p>　　Tool changing arrangements</p><p>　　For efficient operation of numerically controlled machine tools it is essential that the correct tools are available

44、at the time required. The tool change should be capable of being carried out as quickly as possible because although it is essential to change tools, time spent on carrying out these operations does nothing positive to t

45、he work; only when work material is being removed, or there is any change in the shape or size of the work is any economic benefit being obtained.</p><p>　　The design of the mechanism for securing the holder

46、 on the machine should ensure that it is possible to locate the tool holder in only one position on the machine; due attention being paid to the safety of the operations.</p><p>　　For situations where there

47、may be a single machine or small numbers of CNC machines, manual tool changing is widely used. However, for continuous operation of machiones such as in flexible manufacturing cells, various programmable automatic tool c

48、hanging techniques have been developed which have a number of advantages such as:</p><p>　　Unattended operation of the machine </p><p>　　Provision of information for management on the number of

49、times a tool has been used</p><p>　　More accurate estimation of machining costs because the time of changing the tool is known</p><p>　　Generally tool changing times are reduced.</p><

50、p>　　Manual tool changing</p><p>　　This is the least sophisticated method and an important consideration with manual tool changing is that efficient operation is dependent on the ability of the operator to

51、 select the correct tool to be loaded. There are, however, some advantages with this method of tool loading.</p><p>　　When changing the tool with quick clamping action tool holders, the overall time from sto

52、p to restart of cutting can approach that of the automatic methods.</p><p>　　There is no theoretical limit to the number of tools from which the selection can be made.</p><p>　　The tools can eas

53、ily be checked after each change to decide if they require regrinding. The checking will not increase the machining time as it can take place while the tool that has been loaded is cutting.</p><p>　　Tool ide

54、ntification</p><p>　　For numerically controlled machines it is usually necessary for a number to be allocated to every tool. The number may have to be entered in the part program and be input into the machin

55、e control unit; the number must be either on the tool holder itself, or on the location in which the tool is mounted on the machine. Tool identification is very Important as a wrong tool can cause considerable demage.<

56、;/p><p>　　During manual tool changing the tool has to be selected by the operator. A skilled operator should be capable of recognizing the tools to be used for a particular machining operation especially when a

57、n operation schedule and tool detail sheet has been provided. For operators’ convenience there are various tool identification aids that can be used. One technique is to have a special stand in which the tools are held i

58、n numbered locations – the stand is linked to the control unit. The number of th</p><p>　　Automatic tool changers use a number of systems to identify the tool. One system used on machining centres of identif

59、ying the tools themselves has a series of rings or discs fitted on the body of the tool holder. The rings are all of equal thickness but are two different diameters. The larger-diameter rings activate microawitches at th

60、e reading head; there is a microawitch for each rings are referred to as ‘spacers’and do not activate a microawitch. A signal in binary number format is created by</p><p>　　Another tool identification system

61、 uses small sealed capsules embedded in the shank of the holder. The housings of the capsules are waterproof and are made of stainless steel; the ceramic cover of the sensing face is resistant to hot metal chips.</p&g

62、t;<p>　　There are two forms of this system; in one form there a number of capsules embedded in the shank of the holder with five capsules fitted into the shanks. Each capsule generates a single decimal digit at th

63、e reading station. The capsules which are 7㎜ diameter and 5㎜ thick can either be glued into holes in the shank or can be held in element holders which can easily be changed if necessary. The tool number is ‘read’when th

64、e tool passes in the proximity of a sensing head. The reading head contains</p><p>　　For CNC centres there are a number of tool holding systems available, but the contrast between the tyoe of tools used on m

65、achining and turning centered results in different turrent and magazine tool changing arrangements.</p><p>　　Tool holding on machining centres</p><p>　　On milling and drilling machines there are

66、 a number of quick clawing action tool holders. One type has a clamping ring on the spindle nose that needs less than a complete turn to secure the tool holder into the spindle nose. Another type has a draw bar which pas

67、ses through the centre of the spindle and screws into the end of the shank to pull the holders securely into the spindle nose. The draw bar can be rotated rapidly by a special mechanism. Figure 3.17 shows an air-actuate

68、d hydraulic-powere</p><p>　　A common type of shank has a non-stick taper which has an included angle of the order of 16 degrees; rather than a friction type taper such as a Morse taper which has an angle of

69、approximately 3 degrees. There are standard sizes of tool holder shanks, ranging in size from no. 10 ISO to no. 60 ISO; these have tapers with maximum size of the order of 16㎜ and 108㎜ respectively. This type of holder d

70、erives the driving power keys on the spindle nose engaging in slots in the tool holder. The taper sec</p><p><b>　　譯文三</b></p><p><b>　　刀庫</b></p><p>　　刀庫較為普遍比

71、車削中心上銑削和鉆孔機。這是因為銑削和鉆孔作業(yè)需要較大的品種比不轉(zhuǎn)動的切削工具。雜志舉辦的工具數(shù)量是非常仔細地考慮。在使用工具的數(shù)量更大，更多的問題是在工具維護和加工成本較高。此外，作為該雜志的容量增加，以容納更多的工具，雜志較大，因此較重的是，需要更多的維修。</p><p>　　需要更多的能量移動較大的庫。必須有工具一應(yīng)俱全，增加刀具更換所需的時間成本之間的平衡。工具雜志的一個優(yōu)點是可以被復(fù)制，這樣，當(dāng)一個工

72、具，已經(jīng)達到了其壽命的終點，另一個是準備使用的手段，受到過度磨損。該設(shè)備是特別有用，當(dāng)機器下的計算機控制</p><p><b>　　原文三</b></p><p>　　Tool magazine</p><p>　　Tool magazine are more commonly found on milling and drilling ma

73、chines than on turning centers. This is because milling and drilling operations require a larger variety of cutting tools than does turning. The number of tools held in magazines has to be very carefully considered. The

74、greater the number of tools in use, the more problems there are in tool maintenance and the higher the tooling costs. In addition, as the capacity of the magazine is increased to accommodate more tools, the larger an<

75、/p><p>　　More power is required to move the larger magazine. There has to be a balance between cost of tools readily available and increased time required for tool replacement. An advantage of tool magazines is

76、 that tools subject to excessive wear can be duplicated so that, when a tool has reached the end of its life, another is ready for use. This facility is particularly useful when the machines are under compter control <

77、;/p><p><b>　　譯文四</b></p><p>　　帶有自動換刀方法的加工中心配置合成</p><p>　　本文件的目的是出席一個自動換刀加工中心配置的綜合設(shè)計方法，以滿足所需的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和運動特性。根據(jù)坐標(biāo)系的概念，圖論，概括，專業(yè)化，和運動合成，這種設(shè)計方法，提出和電腦，并與自動換刀多達8個環(huán)節(jié)的綜合加工中心。作為結(jié)果，與鼓型刀庫，6

78、，7號的加工中心配置和8鏈接分別是2，13和20。同樣，與線性型刀庫的加工中心，5，6，7人數(shù)的加工中心配置和8聯(lián)系分別為1，5，20和60。此外，這項工作提供了一個綜合的空間開放與拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和運動的要求類型的機制系統(tǒng)的方法。</p><p><b>　　導(dǎo)言</b></p><p>　　加工中心運動學(xué)可以被看作是一個開放型的機制，他們與特定的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)特點的特殊功能。與

79、平面機制的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計相關(guān)的問題一直是過去幾年許多研究課題。然而，開放式的空間結(jié)構(gòu)議案類型的機制設(shè)計方法合成不可用。在過去數(shù)年，只是在加工中心結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的重點幾篇文章。杉村等。 （1981年）使用的分析方法，調(diào)查的機床設(shè)計。伊藤和信乃（1982年，1983年和1987年）產(chǎn)生的使用有向圖的機床結(jié)構(gòu)配置。列舍托夫和波特曼（1988）提出的合成與功能相同的成型機床配置的配置代碼。的配置代碼的概念被廣泛采用的5配置合成軸機床（石澤等，1991;坂稻

80、崎，1992年）。但是，自動換刀系統(tǒng)沒有考慮。該系統(tǒng)自動執(zhí)行之間的主軸和一個加工中心刀庫工具的變化被稱為自動換刀（ATC）的。空管在降低機器閑置時間了重要作用，因此，增加加工過程中的生產(chǎn)力。的建議本文是提出一個對加工中心的自動換刀可能的配置系統(tǒng)的一代，是開放式的設(shè)計方法，類型空間機制受拓撲和運動約束。</p><p><b>　　現(xiàn)有的機制</b></p><p>　

81、　在設(shè)計過程的第一步是研究現(xiàn)有的機制和締結(jié)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和運動特性，加工中心機床的4個基本組成部分：一軸，刀庫，轉(zhuǎn)變機制的工具組成，以及機床結(jié)構(gòu)包括權(quán)力軸的議案。機床結(jié)構(gòu)在很大程度上決定了加工表面，剛度準確性和動態(tài)品質(zhì)。主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)工具機到所需的工件表面。該工具雜志存儲工具和行動為他們在加工操作使用適合的崗位。該工具的變化機制執(zhí)行工具之間的雜志和主軸工具的變化。最簡單的ATC是一個沒有變化機制的設(shè)計工具，工具之間的雜志和主軸實現(xiàn)相對運動換刀的議

82、案。圖3（a）和（b）顯示2 3軸鼓型和直線型工具雜志，分別臥式加工中心。代表和分析的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和加工中心，運動特色的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的定義來描述的每一項議案軸加工中心分配為基礎(chǔ)的國際標(biāo)準化組織（ISO，1974）命名。本標(biāo)準坐標(biāo)系是右手直角笛卡兒之一，相關(guān)的工件安裝在一臺機器，與校長的線性橫向這臺機器相一致。對機器的一個組成部分運動產(chǎn)生積極的方向是，這將導(dǎo)致越來越工件的積極方面。追加的臥式加工中心的ISO標(biāo)準的原理圖如圖所示。 3。通過分析提供

83、現(xiàn)有的3軸沒有工具，改變機制臥式加工中心，我們可以得出結(jié)論的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)和運動特性（燕，陳，1995年）如下。</p><p><b>　　拓撲需求</b></p><p>　　拓撲要求結(jié)束根據(jù)現(xiàn)有機制的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)特點。在我們的例子，鏈接和3個關(guān)節(jié)的設(shè)計要求軸在其相應(yīng)的樹圖的臥式加工中心是：</p><p>　　1、必須有一個為主軸吊墜頂點。<

84、/p><p>　　2、必須有一個頂點，那里的路徑長度為4主軸，作為工作表。</p><p>　　3、必須有一個根，這是由主軸頭路位于工作表中的幀。</p><p>　　4、必須有一個頂點，這是一個從頂點從幀路徑主軸頭頂點的分支為工具雜志。</p><p>　　5、與必須被看作是對分配的主軸轉(zhuǎn)動邊事件。</p><p>　　

85、6、之間的主軸頭和工作臺的邊緣，必須指定為棱鏡對。</p><p>　　7、工具之間的雜志和分支頂點的邊緣，必須指定為轉(zhuǎn)動，棱柱形，或圓柱對。而且，如果有一個轉(zhuǎn)動對或一對圓柱，它必須與工具的事件雜志。</p><p><b>　　鏈接分配規(guī)則</b></p><p>　　1、選擇一個為主軸吊墜頂點。</p><p>　　

86、2、選擇一個頂點，那里的路徑長度為主軸是4，如工作表。如果這個頂點不存在，刪除此圖并轉(zhuǎn)到步驟6。</p><p>　　3、選擇一個頂點，它是由主軸頭路位于工作臺，因為框架。</p><p>　　4、選擇一個頂點，這是從掛件頂點從主軸頭路徑幀分行位于頂點分支，作為工具雜志。如果這個頂點不存在，刪除此圖并轉(zhuǎn)到步驟6。</p><p>　　5、其他未分配的頂點分配的鏈接湖

87、</p><p><b>　　6、完成連接任務(wù)。</b></p><p><b>　　聯(lián)合分配規(guī)則</b></p><p>　　1、與主軸邊緣事件被指定為一轉(zhuǎn)動一對。</p><p>　　2、在從主軸頭路的邊緣，工作表中指定為棱鏡對。</p><p>　　3、基于路徑的長度從

88、分支頂點工具雜志，邊緣可分配根據(jù)的R，P和C中的專業(yè)化聯(lián)合置換后，我們必須找出這些專門樹圖受該機制約束的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)加工中心，我們要建立。對于我們來說，拓撲約束列舉如下：</p><p>　　1、該掛件頂點必須是主軸，工具雜志，或工作表。</p><p>　　2、該工具雜志頂點位于從主軸頭支到框架。</p><p>　　3、在轉(zhuǎn)動兩人必須與主軸或刀庫事件，以及圓柱對必須

89、與工具雜志事件。</p><p>　　據(jù)聯(lián)系和聯(lián)合分配規(guī)則，我們可以專門樹圖的地圖集，以獲取專業(yè)樹圖。專業(yè)化過程可以通過電腦輸入到程序樹圖相鄰矩陣和鄰接矩陣所需的聯(lián)系和拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)字結(jié)果。圖7顯示了計算機專業(yè)流程圖和拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的號碼，滿足拓撲要求和限制，在表3中列出。</p><p><b>　　原文四</b></p><p>　　A Metho

90、dology for the Configuration Synthesis of Machining Centers with Automatic Tool Changer</p><p>　　The purpose of this paper is to present a design methodology for the configuration synthesis of machining cent

91、ers with automatic tool changer to meet the required topology and motion characteristics. According to the concept of coordinate system, graph theory, generalization, specialization, and motion synthesis, this design me

92、thodology is proposed and computerized, and the machining centers with automatic tool changer up to eight links are synthesized. As the result, for the machining centers </p><p>　　Introduction</p><

93、;p>　　Machining center kinematics may be considered as an open-type mechanism, and they have special functions with specific topology characteristics. The problems associated with the creative design of planar mechanis

94、ms have been the subject of a number of studies (Johnson, 1965; Freudenstein and Maki, 1979, 1983; Erdman, et al., 1980; Yan and Hsu, 1983; Yan and Chen, 1985; Yan, 1992) over the pa,st years. However, design methodolog

95、ies for the structural synthesis of open-type mechanisms with spatia</p><p>　　Existing Mechanisms</p><p>　　The first step of the design process is to study existing mechanisms and conclude their

96、 topology and motion characteristics, A machining center is a machine tool consisting of four basic components: a spindle, a tool magazine, a tool change mechanism, and a machine tool structure including motion of power

97、axes. The machine tool structure largely determines the accuracy of machined surface, stiffness, and dynamic quality. The spindle rotates the tool to machine the workpiece to the desired surfac</p><p>　　Topo

98、logy Requirements</p><p>　　Topology requirements are concluded according to the topology characteristics of existing mechanisms. For our example, the design requirements of links and joints of the 3-axis hor

99、izontal machining centers in their corresponding tree graphs are:</p><p>　　1. There must be a pendant vertex as the spindle.</p><p>　　2. There must be a vertex, where the length of path to the s

100、pindleis four, as the working table.</p><p>　　3. There must be a root, which is located on the path from the spindle head to the working table, as the frame.</p><p>　　4. There must be a vertex,

101、which is a pendant vertex branching from the branch vertex located on the path from the frame tothe spindle head, as the tool magazine.</p><p>　　5. The edge incident with the spindle must be assigned as arev

102、olute pair.</p><p>　　6. The edges between the spindle head and the working tablemust be assigned as prismatic pairs.</p><p>　　7. The edges between the tool magazine and the branch vertexmust be