課程設(shè)計(jì)-材料成型冷軋板帶鋼生產(chǎn)工藝流程

1、<p><b>　　目錄</b></p><p><b>　　1冷軋綜述2</b></p><p><b>　　1.1冷軋概念2</b></p><p>　　1.2冷軋產(chǎn)品及用途4</p><p><b>　　2工藝及規(guī)格5</b><

2、;/p><p>　　2.1冷軋板帶鋼生產(chǎn)工藝流程 5</p><p><b>　　2.2規(guī)格6</b></p><p><b>　　3軋制規(guī)程制定7</b></p><p>　　3.1壓下規(guī)程的制定7</p><p>　　3.2計(jì)算軋制力8</p><

3、;p>　　3.3軋輥轉(zhuǎn)速的確定13</p><p><b>　　4設(shè)備校核14</b></p><p>　　4.1軋輥各部分尺寸確定14</p><p>　　4.2支撐輥強(qiáng)度校核16</p><p>　　4.3工作輥強(qiáng)度校核17</p><p>　　4.4支撐輥與工作輥接觸應(yīng)力校核

4、19</p><p>　　4.5咬入能力校核20</p><p>　　4.6電機(jī)能力校核21</p><p><b>　　5結(jié)束語23</b></p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)23</b></p><p><b>　　1冷軋綜述</b>&l

5、t;/p><p><b>　　1.1冷軋概念</b></p><p>　　冷軋是金屬在再結(jié)晶溫度以下的軋制過程。冷軋時(shí)金屬不會發(fā)生再結(jié)晶，但會發(fā)生加工硬化現(xiàn)象。加工硬化是金屬在軋制過程中強(qiáng)度、硬度增加，而韌性、塑性下降的現(xiàn)象。</p><p><b>　　冷軋工藝特點(diǎn)：</b></p><p>　　（1

6、）加工溫度低，鋼在軋制過程中產(chǎn)生加工硬化：</p><p>　　1）變形抗力增大，使軋制力加大。</p><p>　　2）塑性降低，易發(fā)生脆裂。</p><p>　?。?）冷軋中采用工藝?yán)鋮s與潤滑（工藝?yán)錆櫍?lt;/p><p>　　1）工藝?yán)鋮s：冷軋過程中的變形熱和摩擦熱使軋件和軋輥溫度升高，須采用有效的人工冷卻。</p>&l

7、t;p><b>　　2）工藝潤滑：</b></p><p><b>　　工藝潤滑的作用：</b></p><p>　　①減少金屬的變形抗力（實(shí)現(xiàn)大壓下和軋制更薄板材）；</p><p><b>　?、诶鋮s軋輥；</b></p><p><b>　?、鄯乐拐齿?。&

8、lt;/b></p><p>　　天然油脂（動、植物油脂）潤滑效果優(yōu)于礦物油。</p><p>　　常用冷潤液-乳化液:通過乳化劑的作用把少量的油劑和大量的水混合起來，制成乳狀的冷潤液。乳化液的冷卻能力介于水和油之間，一般為水的40~80%，隨著乳化液濃度的增加，其冷卻能力下降。</p><p>　?。?）冷軋中采用張力軋制：</p><p

9、>　　張力軋制—軋件在軋輥中的輾軋變形是在有一定的前張力和后張力作用下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。</p><p><b>　　張力的作用：</b></p><p>　?、俜乐箮т撛谲堉七^程中跑偏（保證正確對中軋制）；</p><p>　?、谑顾垘т摫３制街保òㄔ谲堉七^程中保持板形平直以及軋后板形良好）；</p><p>　?、劢?/p>

10、低軋件的變形抗力，便于軋制更薄的產(chǎn)品；</p><p>　　④起適當(dāng)調(diào)整冷軋機(jī)主電機(jī)負(fù)荷的作用。</p><p><b>　　冷軋帶鋼的優(yōu)勢:</b></p><p>　　1）可生產(chǎn)厚度更小的薄板。</p><p>　　2）帶材沿寬度和長度方向能獲得均勻的厚度，板形更好。</p><p>　　3）

11、冷軋時(shí)采用的軋輥表面光潔硬度大，可得到表面質(zhì)量好，表面光潔的產(chǎn)品。冷軋是金屬在再結(jié)晶溫度以下的軋制過程。冷軋時(shí)金屬不會發(fā)生再結(jié)晶，但會發(fā)生加工硬化現(xiàn)象。</p><p>　　4）帶材經(jīng)冷軋后，進(jìn)行不同的熱處理，可以得到不同機(jī)械性能的產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　1.2冷軋產(chǎn)品及用途</p><p>　　冷軋產(chǎn)品主要有超低碳、超深沖IF鋼系列、鏈條用鋼系列、低碳低硅冷板

12、系列、搪瓷鋼系列、自行車用鋼系列、烘烤硬化鋼系列、含磷鋼系列、客車車廂用鋼板系列、家用電器鋼板系列、低合金鋼系列等。</p><p>　　產(chǎn)品主要用于建筑、橋梁、機(jī)車車輛、汽車、壓力容器、鍋爐、電器等。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，冷軋鋼板已被稱為現(xiàn)代社會必須的材料。</p><p><b>　　2工藝及規(guī)格</b></p><p>　　2.1冷軋板帶鋼生產(chǎn)工

13、藝流程 </p><p>　　圖2-1 冷軋板帶鋼工藝流程</p><p><b>　　2.2規(guī)格</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)鞍鋼冷軋一號線1700連軋機(jī)組進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。</p><p>　　1、采用四輥軋機(jī)五機(jī)架連軋</p><p>　?。?）工作輥直徑：（520～600）mm ，選600 m

14、m ；</p><p>　?。?）支承輥直徑：（1400～1526）mm ,選1500 mm 。</p><p><b>　　2、成品尺寸：</b></p><p>　　1.6mm*1450 mm</p><p><b>　　3、原料規(guī)格：</b></p><p>　?。?）

15、選取鋼種：B280/440DP</p><p>　　表1-1原料成分及性能</p><p>　?。?）根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料，選取原料尺寸為4.0mm*1450mm的熱軋板卷。</p><p><b>　　3軋制規(guī)程制定</b></p><p>　　3.1壓下規(guī)程的制定</p><p>　　根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)采用分配

16、壓下系數(shù)表3-1，令軋制中的總壓下量為∑Δh，各道的壓下量為：</p><p>　　式中：bi－壓下分配系數(shù)。</p><p>　　表3-1 各種冷連軋機(jī)壓下分配系數(shù)</p><p>　　根據(jù)表中的bi計(jì)算出各道次壓下量為：</p><p>　　△h1=0.72 △h2=0.6 △h3=0.6 △h4=0.36 △h5=0.12&

17、lt;/p><p>　　在確定各架壓下分配系數(shù)，亦確定各架壓下量或軋后厚度的同時(shí)，還需根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析選定各機(jī)架之間的單位張力。</p><p>　　冷軋薄板在軋制時(shí)的張力范圍為（0.1～0.6），初步制定壓下量及前、后張力如表3-2所示：</p><p>　　表3-2 產(chǎn)品壓下量及前、后張力</p><p><b>　　3.2計(jì)算軋制

18、力</b></p><p>　　各機(jī)架摩擦系數(shù)的選取：因第一道次要保證順利咬入，不噴油，</p><p>　　本設(shè)計(jì)采用M.D.Stone公式計(jì)算平均單位壓力： </p><p><b>　　上式中：；；</b></p><p>　　——考慮軋輥彈性壓扁的變形區(qū)長度；</p><p>

19、　　——平面變形抗力，；</p><p>　　——前后張力平均值； ()</p><p><b>　　計(jì)算步驟如下：</b></p><p><b>　　(1)確定變形抗力</b></p><p>　　由于在變形區(qū)內(nèi)各斷面處變形程度不等，因此，通常根據(jù)加工硬化曲線取本道次平均總壓下率所對應(yīng)的變

20、形抗力值。平均總壓下率按下式計(jì)算：</p><p>　　= </p><p>　　式中：——本道次軋前的預(yù)變形量；</p><p>　　——本道次軋后的總變形量；</p><p>　　——冷軋前軋件的厚度；</p><p>　　——本道次軋前軋件的厚度；<

21、/p><p>　　——本道次軋后軋件的厚度。</p><p>　　圖3-1 B280/440DP鋼種加工硬化曲線1-縱向；2-橫向</p><p>　　根據(jù)B280/440DP典型產(chǎn)品的含碳量，由加工硬化曲線查出對應(yīng)于的值，然后計(jì)算平面變形抗力：。</p><p>　　由求出平均單位張力，則可得到的值。</p><p>

22、<b>　　(2)求的值</b></p><p>　　的值根據(jù)軋輥壓扁時(shí)平均單位壓力圖解（斯通圖解法）得到。先根據(jù)具體軋制條件計(jì)算出參數(shù)和的值：</p><p>　　式中：——摩擦系數(shù),用棕櫚油乳化液潤滑f=0.06～0.08；</p><p>　　——接觸弧長，，—工作輥半徑。</p><p><b>　　式

23、中：</b></p><p>　　——泊松比，取0.25；E——彈性模量，取E=210GPa，代入計(jì)算得：</p><p>　　圖3-2 確定f/之圖表</p><p>　　然后在斯通圖解中尺和尺上分別找出對應(yīng)其值的兩點(diǎn)，連成一條直線，此直線與S形曲線的交點(diǎn)即為的值。根據(jù)值查表便可得的值。</p><p>　　(3)求平均單位壓力

24、及總壓力</p><p>　　將的值和的值代入即可算出平均單位壓力。</p><p><b>　　總壓力為： </b></p><p>　　式中：——由 計(jì)算得到；</p><p>　　——軋件寬度， B=1450mm</p><p>　　對各道次依次按上述步驟進(jìn)行計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果如表3-2所示。

25、</p><p>　　表3-3 各道次計(jì)算結(jié)果</p><p>　　3.3軋輥轉(zhuǎn)速的確定</p><p>　　根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)值，軋件由末架軋機(jī)軋制完成后的出口速度一般為19～25,選取末架軋機(jī)軋件的出口速度為20，根據(jù)秒流量體積條件：</p><p>　　求出軋件在各架軋機(jī)的出口速度。</p><p>　　利用前滑值計(jì)算

26、軋輥的轉(zhuǎn)速：</p><p><b>　　計(jì)算步驟如下：</b></p><p>　?。?）先計(jì)算出咬入角：</p><p>　?。?）利用咬入角計(jì)算出中性角：</p><p>　?。?）通過中性角求出前滑值：</p><p>　　（4）計(jì)算軋輥線速度：</p><p>　

27、　（5）計(jì)算軋輥轉(zhuǎn)速：*60</p><p>　　對各道次依次按上述步驟進(jìn)行計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果如表3-3所示：</p><p>　　表3-4各機(jī)架計(jì)算結(jié)果</p><p><b>　　4設(shè)備校核</b></p><p>　　4.1軋輥各部分尺寸確定</p><p>　　軋輥直接承受軋制力和轉(zhuǎn)動軋輥的傳

28、動力矩，屬于消耗性零件，就軋機(jī)整體而言，軋輥安全系數(shù)最小，軋輥強(qiáng)度往往決定整個軋機(jī)負(fù)荷能力，因此，要對軋輥進(jìn)行校核。 </p><p>　　表4-1 軋輥材質(zhì)及許用應(yīng)力值</p><p>　　軋輥各部分尺寸分別為：</p><p>　　工作輥：輥身直徑=600mm，輥身長度=1700mm；</p><p>　　工作輥輥頸直徑： ；<

29、/p><p><b>　　工作輥輥頸長度：；</b></p><p>　　工作輥壓下螺絲間的中心距： mm；</p><p>　　支撐輥：輥身直徑=1500mm，輥身長度=1700mm ；</p><p><b>　　支撐輥輥頸直徑:；</b></p><p><b&g

30、t;　　支撐輥輥頸長度：；</b></p><p>　　支撐輥壓下螺絲間的中心距：=2443mm。</p><p>　　輥頭均采用扁頭萬向接軸輥頭,電機(jī)功率N=5500KW</p><p>　　表4-2 五機(jī)架連軋機(jī)各機(jī)架數(shù)據(jù)</p><p>　　由上表可看出，第三架軋機(jī)的總壓力最大，所以以第三架軋機(jī)為例進(jìn)行校核：</p

31、><p>　　四輥軋機(jī)支撐輥與工作輥承受的彎矩之比等于直徑比的四次方，其彎曲力的分配也和彎矩一樣，即</p><p>　　4.2支撐輥強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　　6859.46KN·m</p><p>　　圖4-1 支撐輥彎矩圖</p><p>　　(1) 輥身中央處承受最大彎矩：</p><

32、;p>　　輥身中央處產(chǎn)生的最大彎曲應(yīng)力</p><p><b>　　＜=240MPa</b></p><p>　　因此，支承輥的輥身強(qiáng)度滿足要求。</p><p>　　(2)支撐輥輥頸強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　　輥頸的危險(xiǎn)斷面在輥頸與輥身接觸處，該處彎矩為:</p><p>　　所以支承輥

33、輥頸強(qiáng)度滿足要求。</p><p>　　4.3工作輥強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　?。?）工作輥輥身強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　　圖4-2 工作輥彎矩圖</p><p>　　工作輥輥身中心處承受的垂直彎矩為</p><p>　?。?）工作輥輥頭強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　　利用前滑值計(jì)算軋輥的轉(zhuǎn)速

34、</p><p><b>　　D</b></p><p><b>　　A</b></p><p>　　圖4-3 工作輥輥頭圖</p><p>　　因此，工作輥輥頭強(qiáng)度滿足要求。</p><p>　　(3)工作輥輥頸強(qiáng)度校核</p><p>　　因此，

35、工作輥輥頸強(qiáng)度滿足要求。</p><p>　　4.4支撐輥與工作輥接觸應(yīng)力校核</p><p>　　工作輥與支撐輥表面接觸產(chǎn)生接觸應(yīng)力，它將影響軋輥的軋制壽命，應(yīng)加以校核。計(jì)算接觸應(yīng)力使用赫茲公式：</p><p>　　式中：——接觸表面單位長度上的負(fù)荷；</p><p>　　——相互接觸兩個軋輥的半徑；</p><p&g

36、t;　　——與軋輥材料有關(guān)的系數(shù)，</p><p>　　已知mm，mm ，E =200GPa</p><p>　　軋輥材料相同，=0.3，得到：</p><p>　　所以，軋輥滿足強(qiáng)度要求。</p><p>　　根據(jù)以上結(jié)果，軋輥各部分均滿足強(qiáng)度要求。</p><p><b>　　4.5咬入能力校核</

37、b></p><p>　　軋機(jī)要能夠順利進(jìn)行軋制，必須保證咬入符合軋制規(guī)律，所以要對咬入條件進(jìn)行校核。</p><p>　　式中： ——工作輥直徑；</p><p><b>　　——軋件的壓下量；</b></p><p><b>　　——咬入角；</b></p><p>

38、;<b>　　——摩擦角。</b></p><p>　　原料在第一架軋機(jī)咬入比較困難，所以對第一架進(jìn)行咬入能力的校核。校核如下：</p><p><b>　　已知，，，所以：</b></p><p><b>　　而，得到：</b></p><p>　　由于，因此，第一架軋機(jī)可以

39、實(shí)現(xiàn)帶鋼順利咬入。</p><p><b>　　4.6電機(jī)能力校核</b></p><p>　　以第三架為例進(jìn)行校核：</p><p><b>　　傳動力矩計(jì)算：</b></p><p><b>　?。?）軋制力矩</b></p><p>　　式中：——

40、軋輥與金屬軋件的接觸弧長；</p><p>　　——力臂系數(shù)，冷軋時(shí)?。?.2～0.4；</p><p><b>　　——工作輥軋制力；</b></p><p><b>　?。?）摩擦力矩</b></p><p>　　軋輥軸承中的附加摩擦力矩：</p><p>　　式中：——

41、軋輥輥頸直徑；</p><p>　　——軋輥軸承摩擦系數(shù)，，取0.05；</p><p>　　傳動機(jī)構(gòu)中的摩擦力矩：</p><p>　　式中：——軋輥與電機(jī)間的傳動比，取1.7856；</p><p>　　——傳動機(jī)構(gòu)粘性系數(shù)0.97；</p><p>　　換算到主電機(jī)軸上的附加摩擦力矩為：</p>&

42、lt;p><b>　　（3）空轉(zhuǎn)力矩 </b></p><p>　　式中：——電機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)矩，</p><p><b>　　因此傳動力矩為：</b></p><p>　　所以第三架電機(jī)功率滿足要求。</p><p>　　因此其它各機(jī)架電機(jī)功率也均滿足要求。</p><p>

43、;<b>　　5結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　首先，感謝王斌斌老師在三周的專業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)中對我們的細(xì)心指導(dǎo)和教育，使我學(xué)習(xí)到了很多關(guān)于冷軋板帶鋼實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的知識，解決了許多平時(shí)積累沒有及時(shí)解決的問題。</p><p>　　在課程設(shè)計(jì)過程中，我通過查閱很多書本和網(wǎng)上資料，并經(jīng)常與同學(xué)探討所遇到的問題，把課堂上所學(xué)到的理論知識與實(shí)際的設(shè)計(jì)工作相結(jié)合，使得這些知識得到了鞏

44、固加深，而且提高了我的自學(xué)能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力。</p><p>　　通過此次課程設(shè)計(jì)，我也發(fā)現(xiàn)了自身的許多不足，不僅在本專業(yè)還有很多知識要學(xué)習(xí)，還要努力學(xué)習(xí)其他相關(guān)專業(yè)的知識。要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，并善于查閱資料，勤于思考，團(tuán)結(jié)合作，最終解決問題。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1] 康永林 軋鋼工程學(xué)[M].

45、北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社,2004.6</p><p>　　[2] 王廷溥 金屬塑性加工學(xué)[M].北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社，1997.210</p><p>　　[3] 王平主編 金屬塑性成形力學(xué)[M].北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社,2006.8.</p><p>　　[4] 劉寶珩 軋鋼機(jī)械設(shè)備[M].北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社，2008.5</p><p>

46、;　　[5] 趙志業(yè) 金屬塑性變形與軋制理論[M].北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社，2011.2</p><p>　　g an employment tribunal claim</p><p>　　Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.</p><p>　　Y

47、ou may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:</p><p>　　you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you</p><p>　　your employer dismisses you and y

48、ou think that you have been dismissed unfairly.</p><p>　　For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.</p><p>　　You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, e

49、ven if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your fa

50、ilure to appeal.</p><p>　　Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your applica

51、tion is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.</p><p>　　If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under

52、0;Further help.</p><p>　　Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.</p><p>　　Mo

53、st people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under F

54、urther help.</p><p>　　If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as

55、 a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.</p><p>　　If you are thinking about signing up for 

56、0;a damages-based agreement, you should make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find you

57、r nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.</p><p>　　For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.</p>&

58、lt;p>　　The (lack of) air up there </p><p>　　Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations a

59、nd will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.</p><p>　　"I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport.</p><p>　　

60、"For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."</p><p>　　Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the &quo

61、t;racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.</p><p>　　Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the refer

62、ee's actions.</p><p>　　CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."

63、;</p><p>　　Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the par

64、anoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, sudde

65、nly feel something, do it.</p><p>　　一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。</p><p>

66、;　　The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?</p><p>　　而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？</p><p>　　During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as

67、 the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alu

68、mni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school chil</p><p>

69、　　童年時(shí)，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起

70、他的容顏。</p><p>　　Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.</p><p>　　原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。</p>&

71、lt;p>　　A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last.

72、 Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteo

73、us spiritual.</p><p>　　一個人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。</p>&

74、lt;p>　　At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep fri

75、endship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning... Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.</p><p>　　此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些

76、被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃……那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。</p><p>　　Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the groun

77、d, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposp

78、here) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising al</p><p>　　The supersonic descent could happe

79、n as early as Sunda.</p><p>　　The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (</p><p>　　Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an O

80、lympic diving platform.</p><p>　　Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it wi

81、ll not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. </p><p>　　Skydiver preps for the big jump</p><p>　　When he jumps, he is expected to reach th

82、e speed of sound -- 690 mph (1,110 kph) -- in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him c

83、ompletely.</p><p>　　If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 27

84、0-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).</p><p>　　In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a r

85、eserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.</p><p>　　Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause