[雙語翻譯]農(nóng)民工外文翻譯—移民工人及其職業(yè)健康安全（原文）

1、PU39CH20_Schenker ARI 10 February 2018 11:59Annual Review of Public HealthMigrant Workers and Their Occupational Health and SafetySally C. Moyce1 and Marc Schenker21School of Nursing, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland,

2、California 94609, USA; email: smoyce@samuelmerritt.edu2Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; email: mbschenker@ucdavis.eduAnnu. Rev. Public Health 2018. 39:351–65Fi

3、rst published as a Review in Advance on January 24, 2018The Annual Review of Public Health is online at publhealth.annualreviews.orghttps://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth- 040617-013714Copyright c ? 2018 Sally C. Moy

4、ce natural resources, construction and maintenance (NRCM); agriculture; andproduction, transportation, and material movement: industries that report much higher rates ofinjury compared with other industries (10). In Can

5、ada, the pattern of employment is similar, andmost immigrants work in agriculture. Like the United States, Canadian agriculture is one of themost dangerous industries and has the highest rates of occupational injuries an

6、d fatalities (80). Incontrast, in Australia, native-born workers are more likely to work in agriculture and construction,likely due to the push for “skilled” or professional migration to Australia, referring to workerswi

7、th skills that will contribute to the Australian economy. Consequently, occupational injury maybe higher among native-born than foreign-born workers in Australia (85).Using the European Working Conditions Survey, an anal

8、ysis of nearly 30,000 workers in31 European countries reveals higher rates of negative occupational exposures among migrantswhen compared with native workers. Migrant workers were more likely than native workers to beexp

9、osed to high temperatures, loud noises, strong vibrations, and fast work speeds and to standfor long periods of time. These individuals often worked without contracts and had unfavorablework schedules (88). The industrie

10、s most likely to employ migrant workers are often those thatcarry the most risk for adverse worker health. According to the US Census of Fatal OccupationalInjuries, immigrant workers were 15% more likely to be fatally in

11、jured on the job than were theirnative-born counterparts (12).Migrant workers are less likely to have a permanent job contract than are native-born workers,and studies have shown greater reporting of poorer health to be

12、associated with the lack of apermanent job contract (91).Environmental ExposuresMany of the health risks for immigrant workers are due to environmental hazards inherent in theoccupational setting. Migrant workers tend to

13、 be employed in jobs that carry increased exposureto environmental toxins, including extreme temperatures, pesticides, and chemicals.Temperature. Immigrant workers employed in natural resources, construction, and mainten

14、anceoften work outside and are subject to extreme weather exposure, which can increase their risk oflightning strikes, sun exposure, heat-related illness and death, snake bites, and tick-borne diseases(83). In the fishin

15、g industry in Alaska, an estimated three-quarters of the workforce is made upof immigrants. These workers experience high rates of injury related to cold temperatures andfrequent contact with ice cold water (33). On the

16、other hand, heat-related illness is a commonwww.annualreviews.org ? Migrant Workers’ Health and Safety 353Annu. Rev. Public Health 2018.39:351-365. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.orgAccess provided by 60.175.118.71 on