[雙語翻譯]水污染外文翻譯--水污染及其對人類健康的影響

1、5000 英文單詞， 英文單詞，25000 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 7400 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Halder J, Islam N. Water Pollution and its Impact on the Human Health[J]. Journal of Environment Pollution; Impact; Human Health1. INTRODUCTIONWater is the most vit

2、al element among the natural resources, and is critical for the survival of all living organisms including human, food production, and economic development. Today there are many cities worldwide facing an acute shortage

3、of water and nearly 40 percent of the world’s food supply is grown under irrigation and a wide variety of industrial processes depends on water. The environment, economic growth, and developments are all highly influence

4、d by water-its regional and seasonal availability, and the quality of surface and groundwater. The quality of water is affected by human activities and is declining due to the rise of urbanization, population growth, ind

5、ustrial production, climate change and other factors. The resulting water pollution is a serious threat to the well-being of both the Earth and its population.Bangladesh is a deltaic land created and flown over by numero

6、us rivers; the land is also consistently nourished by their water flows. Pollution of river bodies has become a major problem that is becoming critical because of inadequacy or non-existence of surface water quality prot

7、ection measures and sanitation. Lagoons, rivers and streams are sinks for wastes. Wastes are most often discharged into the receiving water bodies with little or no regard to their assimilative capacities. The discharge

8、of raw sewage, garbage, as well as oil spills are threats to the diluting capabilities of the lagoons and rivers in the major cities. The natural purification of polluted waters in itself is never fast, while heavily pol

9、luted water may traverse long distance in days before a significant degree of purification is achieved [1, 2]. In addition, rivers and canals are becoming increasingly polluted from industrial wastewater dumped by factor

10、ies, many of them in the textile industry. Leather tanneries are also a significant source of toxic pollutants to the air and (a) (b)Figure 1. Study Area along the Turag River (a); A

11、 Closer View of the Study Area (b)In this study the primary data were the pictures, sampling data, interviews of people, field observation etc. The field observation obtain the physical condition of the study. In case of

12、 secondary data, map and information has been collected from Department of Environment (DOE), Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and Institute of Water M

13、odelling (IWM). Also from the annual report of World Bank annual report of “Water quality and environment of Dhaka Bangladesh”, special report from the Department of Fisheries (DoF), the Management of Aquatic ecosystem t

14、hrough Community Husbandry (MACH), and the Turag project of the Bangladesh Center for Advance Studies.2.3 Data Collection MethodsThe steps that have been adopted to attain the objectives of the study were as follows:1. P

15、rimary data were obtained from field observation and this was needed to know about the existing physical and environmental condition of the study.2. Secondary data have been collected from DOE, BWDB, BUET and IWM, specia

16、l report from the DoF, MACH, the Turag project of the Bangladesh Center for Advance Studies.3. Water Samples and photographs have been collected from different locations of the Turag river and water samples tested in the

17、 MIST Environmental Engineering laboratory.4. Recent surface water quality data has been collected from DOE and Environmental laboratory in Civil Engineering department of BUET as test sample.5. Water quality and polluti

18、on loads analyzed to find out the present water quality scenario, trend of water pollution and percent of increase in pollution loading. Besides, reports, thesis, journals and expert opinions were collected from differen

19、t organizations and internet.6. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews with community members to identify their perceived current and historical health problems. The second involved the gathering of secon

20、dary data and the undertaking of interviews with health workers in the area to determine whether the perceived changes to health expressed by the local population matched the health trends observed by local health profes

21、sionals. To collect this data, our tool was taking “Interview with the people” of this location. The respondent persons were fisherman, boatman, teacher, local people, farmer, health workers, health professionals and tou

22、rist.Water quality data have analyzed by Microsoft Excel software.The standard participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods followed to analyze data, collected from the local people concerning their perception. Some quest

23、ionnaires designed and used to interview the people. All the data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel software.2.4 Sample CollectionSurface water samples of the rivers were collected from four different points of the river

24、in two seasons during the period of April 2013 to July 2013 covering dry and wet periods. Various water quality parameters were monitored and a detailed field survey has been conducted within the study area. Proper sampl

25、ing procedure was followed while collecting the samples.2.5 Sample Handling and PreservationAppropriate sample handling and preservation is essential to ensure data quality. Factors considered are listed as:(a) clean pla