五指毛桃活性成分研究.pdf

1、五指毛桃為桑科(Moraceae)榕屬(Ficus)植物粗葉榕(Ficus hirta)的干燥根，嶺南地區(qū)稱之為廣東人參，主要分布于我國(guó)廣東、廣西、福建、云南和香港等地。作為嶺南地區(qū)習(xí)用中草藥，五指毛桃常用于治療脾虛浮腫、肺癆咳嗽、食少無(wú)力、風(fēng)濕痹痛、盜汗、產(chǎn)后無(wú)乳等癥。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)榕屬植物的研究報(bào)道較多，但對(duì)五指毛桃活性成分的研究報(bào)道較少，特別是針對(duì)于其化學(xué)成分與藥理活性相結(jié)合的研究尚未見報(bào)道。五指毛桃中已分離鑒定的化合物主要有香

2、豆素類、黃酮類、揮發(fā)油等，現(xiàn)代藥理研究表明這些化合物具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒和抗腫瘤等作用。
　　本論文以五指毛桃為研究對(duì)象，利用各種色譜學(xué)及波譜學(xué)手段對(duì)其化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分離鑒定，并對(duì)單體化合物進(jìn)行活性測(cè)試，以期闡明五指毛桃中的活性成分，尋找新的活性先導(dǎo)化合物。本研究共分離得到70個(gè)化合物，根據(jù)化合物的理化性質(zhì)和現(xiàn)代波譜技術(shù)（HRESI-MS、NMR、IR、UV）確定其結(jié)構(gòu)，其中30個(gè)苯丙素類化合物：psoralen(1),

3、umbelliferon(2),7-(2',3'-dihydroxy-3'-methylbutoxy)-coumarin(3),(1′S)-6-(2′-hydroxy-1'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin(4*), nodakenetin(5),1'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2R,3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin(6),(Z)-3-[5-(6-methox

4、y) benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(7*),(Z)-isopsoralicacid1→6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8),(Z)-3-[5-(6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) benzofuranyl] methyl prop enoate(9*),(E)-3-[5-(6-methoxy) benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(10),(E)-isopsor

5、alica cid1→6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11),(E)-3-[5-(6-hydroxy) benzofuranyl] propenoic acid(12), methylcnidioside A(13),3-[6-(5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) benzofuranyl] methyl propionate(14*), ferulaldehyde(15), trans-p-hydroxyc

6、innamic acid(16),2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one(17),β-hydroxy propiovani llone(18),7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol(19),2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxypheno xy] propane-1,3-diol(20),3-methoxy-4-(1-pro

7、pionyloxy-5-methoxy carboxyl-pentyl oxy)-(E)-formylvinyl(21*),(7R,8S)-ficusal(22), ficuscarpanoside A(23),(1R,2R,5R,6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0] octan-2-ol(24),(1R,2R,5R,6S)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-

8、dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3,3,0] octan-2-ol(25),()-pinoresinol(26), syringaresinol(27), S-3-[2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-benzofuranyl] methyl propionate(28*),()-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-t

9、rimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(29),(+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydr oxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(30)；8個(gè)酚類化合物：vanillin(31), vanillic acid(32), p-hydroxybenzoic ac

10、id(33), syringic acid(34), ficuglucoside(35), evofolin-B(36),(8R)-4,5'-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymehtyl-3'-methoxy deoxybenzoin(37*), apigenin(38)；7個(gè)萜類化合物：β-amyrin(39), oleanolic acid(40), olean-12-ene-11α-methoxy-3β-acetate(41

11、),α-amyrin(42), ursolic acid(43), lupeol(44),1,5-epoxy-4-hydroxyguai-11(13)-en-12-oic acid(45)；10個(gè)甾醇類化合物：(24S)-24-ethylcholesta-3β,5α,6β-triol(46),β-sitosterol(47),β-daucosterol(48),24-methylene cycloartanol(49), stigmas

12、ta-5,22-diene-3β,7α-diol(50),7-ketositosterol(51),7α-hydroxysitosterol(52),β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate(53),7-ketositosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(54),7β-hydroxy-4,22-stigmastadien-3-one(55)；15個(gè)其它類化合物

13、：1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene(56),3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(57),3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(58),3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoltetraacetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(59), phenylβ-D-glucopyranoside(60), be

14、nzyl O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyra noside(61),(2S)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-O-[2-methoxy-4-phenylaldehyde] prop ane-3-ol(62*),(1'S,6'R)-8'-hydroxyabscisicacid O-β-D-glucoside(63),1-O-β-D-gluco pyranosyl-(2S,3S,

15、4R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxypalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-trio l(64),β-adenosine(65),1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethyl-quinoxal ine(66),α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→1')-3'-amino-3'-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosid

16、e(67),2',3'-dihydroxy propylpent adecanoat(68), stearic acid(69), linoleic acid(70)。
　　分離鑒定的70個(gè)化合物中，除化合物1、2、16、33、38、39、42、47、48、69、70外，其余59個(gè)化合物均為首次從五指毛桃中分離得到，包括6個(gè)未見文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的新苯丙素類化合物（4、7、9、14、21、28）、1個(gè)新的酚類化合物（37）和1個(gè)新的苯環(huán)衍生