白蟻誘集及生化鑒定技術(shù)在植物檢疫中的應(yīng)用.pdf

1、中文摘要白蟻誘集及生化鑒定技術(shù)在植物檢疫中的應(yīng)用摘要本文從餌劑篩選、白蟻分類及其在檢疫中的應(yīng)用三個(gè)方面對(duì)進(jìn)口木材攜帶的白蟻進(jìn)行了研究利用“Y”型嗅覺(jué)儀及觸角電位技術(shù)(FAG)篩選餌劑：研究了白蟻對(duì)甘蔗粉松花粉香草酸，檸檬醛、木耳粉，銀耳粉的嗅覺(jué)及EAG反應(yīng)；并利用篩選出的幾種鉺劑進(jìn)行復(fù)配，在木材檢疫中加以應(yīng)用和檢驗(yàn)；測(cè)定了溫度、水分、誘集時(shí)間和誘捕器設(shè)置等對(duì)誘集效果的影響利用固相微萃取(SPME)技術(shù)對(duì)白蟻的表皮碳?xì)浠衔镞M(jìn)行了萃??；并

2、比較了幾種萃取方法的萃取效果采用GCMS對(duì)進(jìn)口木材中檢出白蟻的表皮碳?xì)浠嵛镞M(jìn)行了分析，研究了不同科，屬、種白蟻問(wèn)表皮碳?xì)銲匕合物在組成和含量上的差異，并結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)研究，探討了表皮碳?xì)浠衔镌谕鈦?lái)種白蟻分類中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值?！癥’，型嗅覺(jué)儀的測(cè)定結(jié)果表明，家白蟻對(duì)019I1mL的檸檬醛，1099／mL的香草酸，以及對(duì)木耳粉有明顯趨性；而對(duì)10／zl_]mL的檸檬醛有明顯忌避性；大家白蟻對(duì)lgl_／mL的檸檬醛及木耳粉的趨性最為明顯利用EAG

3、技術(shù)，對(duì)檸檬醛、香草酸、木耳粉等幾種物質(zhì)進(jìn)行的觸角電位測(cè)定結(jié)果表明，家白蟻對(duì)香草酸的反應(yīng)值高于大家白蟻；隨著刺激物濃度的增高其FAG反應(yīng)值也隨之增高；說(shuō)明白蟻對(duì)這幾種物質(zhì)有一定趨性，可以在白蟻誘集中應(yīng)用對(duì)非洲、大洋州、美洲、東南亞進(jìn)口木材中原木、集裝箱內(nèi)白蟻誘集試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明，配制的5種餌劑中TB03、TB04效果較好溫度在25—30℃之間，原木有一定濕度的情況下有利于白蟻的誘集。誘捕器需放置24小時(shí)，為達(dá)到最佳效果可放置24—48小時(shí)

4、；誘捕時(shí)將誘捕器放置于白蟻蟻道上方為好比較了SPME與正己烷萃取法對(duì)白蟻表皮碳?xì)浠衔锏妮腿⌒Ч?，確定了最佳萃取時(shí)間、溫度及其有效吸附萃取頭GCMS的分析結(jié)果表明，用固相微萃取直接萃取，比傳統(tǒng)的正己烷萃取，以及用萃取頭從白蟻正己烷浸泡液中萃取的萃取率高對(duì)不同科，屬的6個(gè)外來(lái)種白蟻表皮碳?xì)浠衔锏姆治鼋Y(jié)果表明，6種白蟻共含有碳?xì)浠嵛?5種統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的結(jié)果表明，椰子鋸白蟻與近明大白蟻親緣關(guān)系較近，兩者與栗褐須白蟻親緣關(guān)系也較近；圣克努斯新白

5、蟻與截頭堆沙白蟻親緣關(guān)系較近：而5種白蟻與曲顎乳白蟻親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)；這與形態(tài)學(xué)分類的結(jié)果較為接近對(duì)不同種白蟻表皮碳?xì)浠衔锏姆治鼋Y(jié)果表明，兩個(gè)不同屬的11種白蟻共含有43種碳?xì)浠衔锍煞?。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的結(jié)果表明，9種乳白蟻的親緣關(guān)系較近，這與形態(tài)學(xué)分類的鑒定結(jié)果較為接近；其中曲顎乳白蟻與端明乳白蟻的親緣關(guān)系最近；而塞旁英文摘要A_PPLICAⅡONOFTERMITESTRA_PANDCUrⅡCIⅡARHYDROCARBONSANAIYSISI

6、NPLANTQUARAN耵NEAllsI耵毗壩Thisdissertationstudieddevelopingtrapandtaxonomyoftermitebyanalyzingcuticularhydrocarbons，anditsapplicationinplantquarantineThebehavioralresponsesoftermitetodifferentconcentrationsofseveralnewbaits

7、，sugarcanepowderpinepollen，vanillicacidcitral，blaclffunguspowderandwhitefonguspowderwercstudiedin“Y”typeolfactomctcrSeveralbaitsscreenedwcrcmixedandtheireffectsWCIetestedintimberquarantineEffectsoftemperature，moisturetim

8、eandsetupoftraponnumberoftermitetrappedwerestudiedSolidphasemicroextraction(SPME)andgaschromatographymassspectrometrywereusedtoidentifythecuticularhydrocarbonsofCoptotermesformosanusShirakiThedifferencesofthetermitecutic

9、ularhydrocarbonscomponentsandquantityindifferentfamlflagenusandspecieswcrcstudied，andtheappficafionofcuticularhydrocarbonsanalysisinclassificationofalientermitecombiningwiththemorphologicalcharactefistieswasdiscussedTheb

10、ehaviorresponsesoftwotermitesspeciestoseveralsubstancesofdifferentconcentrationswerestudiedbyusingthe“Y”olfuctometerTheresultsshowedthatCoptotermesformosanusShirakiWeresignificantlyattractedto0恥L／mLCitral，lO／”g／mLvauilli

11、cacidandpowderofblackfungus10f‘I／mLCitralwasdistastefultoCoptotermesformosaⅡsCoptotermescurvignathuswassignificantlyattractedtoI肛L／mLCitralandagaricpowderCitral，Vanillicacidsugarcanepowderpinepollenandpowderofblackfungus

12、allelicitedelectroantennalresponsesinEAGtestTheresultsshowedthattermitesweresignificantlyattractedtoTB03andTB04inrailwayandcontainerfromAfricaOceaniaAmericaandSoutheastAsiaThemostsuitableenvironmenttemperaturefortrapping

13、Wasfrom25to30“C，andthehighhumidityissuitablefortrappingtermitesThetrapshouldsetformorethan24hours，andtheorificeshouldsetabovethetermiteantchannelThecuticularhydrocarbonextracted丘DmtermitesbySolidphasemicroextractionandhe