自動(dòng)化控制專(zhuān)業(yè)外文翻譯

1、<p>　　附件：資料1翻譯譯文</p><p>　　在自動(dòng)化控制和智能儀器儀表中, 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛, 由于單片機(jī)的運(yùn)算功能較差, 往往需要借助計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng), 因此單片機(jī)和 PC機(jī)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程通信更具有實(shí)際意義, 通信的關(guān)鍵在于互傳數(shù)據(jù)信息。51系列單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的串行口具有通信的功能,該串行口可以作為通信接口, 利用該串行口與 PC機(jī)的串行口 COM 1或 COM 2進(jìn)行串行通信, 將單片機(jī)采集的數(shù)據(jù)傳

2、送到 PC機(jī)中, 由 PC機(jī)的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言或數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)語(yǔ)言對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理及統(tǒng)計(jì)等復(fù)雜處理就能滿足實(shí)際的應(yīng)用需要。</p><p>　　軟件設(shè)計(jì)，初始化后，打開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)通道對(duì)上下游信號(hào)進(jìn)行采樣，并進(jìn)行相關(guān)運(yùn)算，求峰值R~，對(duì)R.二是否峰值進(jìn)行判斷，以確保正確求出延時(shí)r，從而得出正確的流量。由于一次相關(guān)計(jì)算所需時(shí)間很短，因此，采用計(jì)數(shù)器控制。</p><p>　　PC機(jī)和單片機(jī)在進(jìn)行通信時(shí), 首先分別對(duì)各

3、自的串行口進(jìn)行初始化、 確定串行口工作方式、 設(shè)定波特率、 傳輸數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度等, 然后才開(kāi)始數(shù)據(jù)傳輸, 這些工作是由軟件來(lái)完成的, 因此對(duì) PC機(jī)和單片機(jī)均需設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的通信軟件。DOS環(huán)境下, 串行通信一般用中斷方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),用戶對(duì)通信端口進(jìn)行完全控制。而在 W i ndow s環(huán)境下, 系統(tǒng)禁止應(yīng)用程序直接對(duì)硬件進(jìn)行操作。在W indows環(huán)境下提供了完備的 AP I應(yīng)用程序接口函數(shù), 程序員通過(guò)這些函數(shù)與通信硬件接口。通信函數(shù)是中斷驅(qū)動(dòng)的

4、: 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時(shí), 先將其放入緩存區(qū),串口準(zhǔn)備好后, 就將其發(fā)送出去; 傳來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)迅速申請(qǐng)中斷, 使 W i ndow s接收它并將其存入緩沖區(qū), 以供讀取。接收方式主要有查詢和中斷方式。采用查詢方式時(shí), CPU要不斷測(cè)試串口是否有數(shù)據(jù),以防接收串口數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤、 效率低; 而采用中斷方式則無(wú)需測(cè)試串口, 一旦有數(shù)據(jù)傳至, CPU終止當(dāng)前任務(wù),由中斷服務(wù)程序完成操作。因此, 中斷方式具有效率高、 接收準(zhǔn)確、 編程簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn)。</p

5、><p>　　在工業(yè)通信及控制領(lǐng)域， 特別是分布式的控制系統(tǒng)中， 常常需要在各設(shè)備之間交換和共享數(shù)據(jù)， 而且對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)交換的實(shí)時(shí)性 可靠性要求很高 在這種情況下， 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線由于其良好的實(shí)時(shí)性 開(kāi)放性以及工業(yè)針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)， 在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到了長(zhǎng)足的運(yùn)用和發(fā)展 可以說(shuō)， 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域正發(fā)揮著不可或缺的重要作用。</p><p>　　在 PLC 系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用中， 經(jīng)常需要將多臺(tái)

6、 PLC連成一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)， 其中每臺(tái) PLC 可以實(shí)時(shí)地獲知網(wǎng)絡(luò)中其它任何一臺(tái) PLC 的特定信息， 從而達(dá)到整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的數(shù)據(jù)同步， 實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)動(dòng)控制;同時(shí)在性能上要求良好的實(shí)時(shí)性和可靠性 而且， 在很多情況下， 通信的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)也不能太高 因此， 怎樣以較低的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)， 較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備間的數(shù)據(jù)同步功能， 在PLC 及其他工業(yè)通信產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)中具有很積極的意義。模擬系統(tǒng)需要盡量對(duì)指控計(jì)算機(jī)的各個(gè)分系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行逼真的模擬， 不僅要實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)指控計(jì)算機(jī)的請(qǐng)求， 及時(shí)

7、回送符合要求的報(bào)文，正確監(jiān)測(cè)通信的時(shí)序，檢測(cè)傳輸過(guò)程中的 CRC 校驗(yàn)錯(cuò)， 還需要嚴(yán)格控制通信的誤碼率， 具有良好的人機(jī)界面。鑒于此，模擬系統(tǒng)采用了硬件智能板設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合軟件優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的思想， 設(shè)計(jì)了滿足要求的智能高速通信板， 然后在此基礎(chǔ)上再開(kāi)發(fā)具有良好用戶界面的驅(qū)動(dòng)控制軟件。</p><p>　　固件程序的主要功能包括自檢及初始化通信板器件、提供上層驅(qū)動(dòng)軟件接口、 監(jiān)測(cè)雙口存儲(chǔ)器中標(biāo)志字節(jié)請(qǐng)求、 根據(jù)請(qǐng)求完成數(shù)據(jù)傳

8、送、 判斷數(shù)據(jù)傳輸狀態(tài)并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處理、 硬件斷處理等。固化程序主體可分為自檢、初始化、程序主流程、中斷處理等幾部分。為使系統(tǒng)在某些惡劣環(huán)境下也能可靠工作， 滿足對(duì)信息傳輸?shù)膶?shí)時(shí)性、 高可靠、 安全性的要求， 在通道的硬件設(shè)計(jì)上采取了一系列必要的措施，并在固件中作了處理。其中包括超時(shí)計(jì)時(shí)器的設(shè)置和通道故障報(bào)警等。</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)儀器面板上的器件都是實(shí)物，而且是用手動(dòng)和觸摸進(jìn)行操作的，而虛擬儀器面板控件是外

9、形與實(shí)物相像的圖標(biāo)，通、斷、放大等對(duì)應(yīng)著相應(yīng)的軟件程序. 這些軟件已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好了，用戶不必設(shè)計(jì)，只需選用代表該種軟件程序的圖形控件即可，由計(jì)算機(jī)的鼠標(biāo)來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行操作. 因此，設(shè)計(jì)虛擬面板的過(guò)程就是在面板設(shè)計(jì)窗口中擺放所需的控件，然后編寫(xiě)相應(yīng)的程序. 大多數(shù)初學(xué)者可以學(xué)習(xí)利用虛擬儀器的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具，例如LabWindows/CVI、LabVIEW 等編程語(yǔ)言，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)輕松完成美觀又實(shí)用的虛擬儀器面</p><p&

10、gt;　　附件：資料1外文原文（可以用復(fù)印件）</p><p>　　In automatic control and intelligent instrumentation, the MCU should more and more widely used, due to poor function of the microcontroller operation is often required to the

11、 use of computer systems, remote microcontroller and PC,more meaningful communication, communication is the key to each data channel transmission information. 51 computers with the internal serial port communications fea

12、tures.The serial port can serve as a communication interface with the PC using the serial port serial port</p><p>　　Software Design,after initialization, open the data channel on the upstream and downstream

13、signals are sampled.And associated operations, find the peak R ~, on whether the peak for the second sentence R.Off, find the delay to ensure the correct r, to arrive at the correct flow. As A very short time the relevan

14、t calculation, therefore, the use of the counter control.</p><p>　　Communication during PC, and SCM, the first for their respectiveInitialize the serial port, serial port work to determine and set waves spe

15、cial rate, transmission of data length, and then began to data transmission, these work is done by software, so the PC, and microcontroller need to design appropriate communication software.</p><p>　　DOS env

16、ironment, the serial communication interrupt mode generally used to achieve.Users complete control of the communication port. In the W i ndow s environment the system prohibits the application directly on the hardware to

17、 operate. In w indows in the provision of a complete application program interface functions AP I number of these functions by the programmer hardware interface and communications. Communication letter number is interrup

18、t-driven: to send data, first put it in cache serial </p><p>　　Communication and control in industrial fields, particularly in distributed control system of systems, often require different equipment in the

19、exchange and sharing between the number ofIt is, but also for the reliability of real-time data exchange arehigh in this case ,the field bus came into the scene bus due to its good real-time for open and industrial str

20、ong features in the industry have seen significant use and development fair to say, fieldbus is playing in the industrial field is not i</p><p>　　In the PLC system applications, often need more than one PLC

21、connected into a network, each of them in real time by the Knowledge network PLC network in any other specific information of a PLC to achieve the whole data synchronization on a network, to achieve joint control; while

22、in the performance on the requirements of a good time and reliability and, in many circumstances case, the communication overhead can not be too high, therefore, how to overhead,achieve better synchronization of data be&

23、lt;/p><p>　　Hardware design of the channel a series of necessary measures taken, and the firmware for the treatment. Including time-out timer settings and channel failure alarm.Traditional instruments are physi

24、cal devices on the panel, and is operated by hand and touch, and virtual instrument surface board control is similar to the icon with the physical appearance, pass, off, zoom, etc. correspond to the appropriate software