自動化專業(yè)畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯--現(xiàn)地控制單元在水電廠自動化中的應用

1、<p><b>　　英文資料及翻譯</b></p><p>　　Location Control Unit In Hydroelectric Power </p><p>　　Plant Automation Application </p><p>　　1. Foreword</p><p>　　The hy

2、draulic electricity generation compares with burns coal, the fuel oil, the nuclear power electricity generation, the energy is renewable, the never exhaustible clean energy. The country gives priority to development the

3、hydraulic electricity generation achievement to do well at present the energy balance the strategic measure, and appeared a row measure to encourage to advance the hydroelectric power plant construction vigorously. In th

4、e water and electricity profession, was on duty " alon</p><p>　　The 70's intermediate stages, the overseas hydroelectric power plant starts the advanced computer technology to apply in the hydro-ele

5、ctric power station industrial control, raised the hydroelectric power plant automated level greatly, has obtained the good economic efficiency. At the end of the 70's, the original electric power department science

6、and technology committee managed held “the national hydroelectric power plant automation technical background meeting”, formulated the hydroelectric p</p><p>　　The hydroelectric power plant computer supervis

7、ory system usually may divide into two major parts, one is carries on the common control to the entire factory equipment the part, calls it the factory level or the factory station level supervisory system; Another part

8、is located the water wheel electricity generation level, the switching house and so on the equipment nearby control sections, is called the location control system. The location control system main constituent is locatio

9、n control uni</p><p>　　2. LCU application</p><p>　　In the hydroelectric power plant computer supervisory system LCU with the power plant production process connection, is directly in the system

10、most has the object-oriented distribution characteristic the control device. The location control unit controlled member mainly includes following several parts:</p><p>　　(1) power plant generating set, main

11、ly has the hydraulic turbine, the generator, the auxiliary engine, the transformer and so on;</p><p>　　(2) switching house, mainly has the generatrix, the circuit breaker, the isolator, the earth knife switc

12、h and so on;</p><p>　　(3) public utility, mainly has the factory to use electricity the system, the oil system, the aqueous system, the direct current system and so on;</p><p>　　(4) strobe, main

13、ly has the water inlet strobe, the flood discharge strobe and so on.</p><p>　　The LCU general arrangement nearby the power plant production equipment, to is accused the object movement operating mode to carr

14、y on the real-time surveillance and the control, is the power plant computer supervisory system compares the first floor control section. The primary data carries on gathering and the pretreatment in this, each kind of c

15、ontrol adjustment order all sends out and completes the control closed loop through it, it is in the entire supervisory system very important, to the r</p><p>　　2.1 programmable controller (PLC)</p>&

16、lt;p>　　The PLC definition has many kinds. International electrician committee (IEC) to PLC the definition is: The programmable controller is one kind of digital operation electronic system, for designs specially in th

17、e industry environment application. It uses the programmable the memory, uses in its internally stored program, carries out the logic operation, the sequential control, fixed time, counts with the arithmetic operation an

18、d so on face user's instruction, and through digital, the simulation i</p><p>　　At first, needed to produce as a result of the American automobile industry has been possible to say was primitive PLC. Alt

19、hough the PLC being published time does not calculate long too, but along with the microprocessor appearance, large-scale, the ultra large scale integrated circuit technique of manufacture and the data communication tech

20、nology rapid development, the PLC application and the technology also obtained the rapid development, its developing process approximately separable three st</p><p>　　(1) early time PLC (at the end of 60'

21、;s - 70's intermediate stages): Early PLC is called the programmable logical controller generally.</p><p>　　(2) intermediate stage PLC (in 70's intermediate stage - 80's, later period): Starts in

22、 the 70's to use the microprocessor to take PLC the central processing element (CPU). Thus, causes PLC to result in the function big enhancement. In the software aspect, in the original logic operation, fixed time, c

23、ounted and so on in the function foundations to increase functions and so on arithmetic operation, data processing and data communication, from diagnosis. In the hardware aspect, has developed the </p><p>　　

24、(3) near future PLC (in the 80's, later period until now) enters in for the 80's, the later period, because the microprocessor hardware technique of manufacture rapid development, simultaneously the market price

25、large scale drop, will cause each PLC manufacturer to be possible to use a higher scale the microprocessor. In order to further enhance PLC the processing speed, the very many manufacture manufacturer also developed has

26、developed the special-purpose logical processing chip. Afterwards PL</p><p>　　On the century 80's to the 90's intermediate stages, are PLC develops the quickest time, the yearly rate continuously mai

27、ntenance is 30%~40%. In this time, the PLC data acquisition handling ability, the numeral operational capability, the man-machine connection and network traffic capacity all obtains the large scale enhancement, PLC enter

28、s the process control domain gradually, unified after the partial industry control device substitutes gradually in certain applications has been at the dominan</p><p>　　Applies PLC in the hydroelectric power

29、 plant production equipment monitoring begins in on the century 80's, because PLC defers to the industry use environment the standard to carry on the design generally, the reliability high, antijamming ability strong

30、, the programming simple practical, met inserts the performance good very quickly accepts by the power plant user and system integration business, obtained the good application. At present includes in Our country Hydroel

31、ectric power plant use wid</p><p>　　But PLC took but one kind of general automated installment, is by no means designs specially for the hydroelectric power plant automation, this has in the special request

32、profession application in the water and electricity automation also to be able to have some not suitable place inevitably, presently lists following several points:</p><p>　　(1) PLC by “scanning” the way wor

33、k, cannot satisfy the event resolution and the system clock synchronization request. The hydroelectric power plant computer supervisory system all is a multi-computer system, in order to guarantee the event resolution sh

34、ould have certain event besides PLC itself to respond ability and the high accuracy clock, but also requests in the overall system between various part of main equipment clock synthesis precision also to have to guarante

35、e in a millisecond level. B</p><p>　　(2) general PLC origin mainly aims at the machine-finishing profession, later gradually will expand all the various trades and occupations. Although present PLC has stron

36、gly from diagnosis function, but regarding the input, the output unit, it only from diagnoses the module level. This produces this kind of emphasis regarding our country electric power “the safety first” the profession s

37、aid that, has certain being short of, often needs to add seperately the special security measure. </p><p>　　(3) general PLC all has certain surge suppression ability generally, basically may suit the majorit

38、y of profession application. But says regarding the hydroelectric power plant automated system, as a result of the equipment working conditions particularity, three level of surge suppression ability which the general PL

39、C surge suppression ability and the technology standard request also has some disparities.</p><p>　　2.2 intelligent location controller</p><p>　　Applies the many another kind of location control

40、 unit in Hydroelectric power plant automated system to be supposed to be the intelligent location controller, like ABB Corporation AC450, south auspicious group's SJ-600 series, Elin Corporation's SAT1703 and so

41、on.</p><p>　　AC450 is being suitable which ABB Corporation produces in industry environment Advant Controller series location control unit one kind, mainly applies in other profession DCS. It has included th

42、e module which by Motorola 68040 primarily processor CPU modules and I/O, MasterBus and so on many kinds of may elect, supports centralized I/O and distributional I/O, may act according to the different application deman

43、d to use the different module to constitute the suitable location subsystem.</p><p>　　SAT1703 is the multi-processor system which Austrian Elin Corporation produces, it is loaded with different connection pr

44、ocessor subsystem AK1703, AME1703 and AM1703 including 3. Each sub-system by the host processor, the connection template (module), constitutions and so on connection module, can realize the data processing, the control a

45、nd the correspondence function, uses SMI in the LCU interior (Serial Module Interconnector) to carry on the correspondence. SAT1703 location control unit uses </p><p>　　SJ-600 series is on the international

46、telegram automation research institute the century at the end of 90's for the domestically produced intelligence distributional location control unit which moves under the bad industry environment produces, by the ma

47、ster control module, the intelligent I/O module, the power source module as well as connects various modules and the master control module scene bus network is composed. Moved reliably in the national dozens of large and

48、 middle scale hydroelectri</p><p>　　(1), the master control module uses conforms to IEEE1996.1's embedded module standard PC104, has the reliability high, the scene environment compatibility strong and s

49、o on the characteristics. Uses low power loss embedded CPU, may choose the CPU model from 486 to the Pentium series.</p><p>　　(2) 32 intelligence I/O module. All modules use 32 embedded CPU, this CPU designs

50、 specially for the embedded control, on the software uses the board level real-time operating system and the unification procedure code, only is different moves the corresponding duty according to the module. Has used la

51、rge-scale programmable logic chip (EPLD) and the Flash memory, simplified the system design, enhanced the reliability. The intellectualized I/O module except may complete the data acquisition and the</p><p>

52、　　(3) has the field bus network system structure, the system uses two network architectures, first is the factory cascade control network, connects LCU and the factory level computer, constitutes the distributed computer

53、 supervisory system; Second is I/O main line network, the connection master control module and the intelligent I/O module (location or long-distance), constitutes the distributional location control subsystem. All I/O mo

54、dule provides two field bus network connection, these modules </p><p>　　(4) LCU direct connection high speed network. The network has become in the computer supervisory system the important part, it involves

55、 to the power plant control strategy and the movement way. Beforehand location controller many is the use private network carries on the connection with on position machine system, but conforms to the open standard netwo

56、rk. If AC450 uses MB300 network with on position machine system connection, but with uses TCP/IP agreement the system connection only to be able </p><p>　　(5) has provided the direct GPS synchronized clock c

57、onnection, does not need to program and the establishment. GPS to when may go directly to the module level, satisfied had the special request situation to the clock, like SOE and so on.</p><p>　　(6) provides

58、 based on IEC61131-3 standard control language, in retained trapezoidal programming language in and so on the chart, structure text, instruction list foundations, developed the use “to see namely obtained” the technical

59、design visualization flow chart programming language. The support control flow online debugging and playbacking, suits the complex control flow extremely the production and the maintenance.</p><p>　　(7) in v

60、iew of hydroelectric power plant automation specialized application development special-purpose function module.</p><p>　　現(xiàn)地控制單元在水電廠自動化中的應用</p><p>　　1. 前言　　水力發(fā)電與燃煤、燃油、核能發(fā)電相比，能源是可再生的、永不枯竭的清潔能源。國

61、家目前把優(yōu)先發(fā)展水力發(fā)電作為搞好能源平衡的戰(zhàn)略性措施，并出臺了一列措施大力鼓勵推進水電廠建設。在水電行業(yè)，隨著水電廠"無人值班"（少人值守）和狀態(tài)檢修工作的不斷深入開展，對水電廠的生產運行和管理提出了更高的要求；以“廠網分開、競價上網”為基礎的電力體制的改革也對水電廠自動化技術提出了新的要求。計算機技術、信息技術、網絡技術、工業(yè)控制技術的飛速發(fā)展，給水電廠綜合自動化系統(tǒng)無論在結構上還是在功能上，都提供了一個廣闊的發(fā)展

62、空間?！　?0年代中期，國外水電廠就開始把先進的計算機技術應用于水力發(fā)電廠的生產過程控制，大大提高了水電廠的自動化水平，取得了良好的經濟效益。70年代末，原電力部科技委主持召開了“全國水電廠自動化技術經驗交流會”，制定了水電廠自動化科學技術發(fā)展7年規(guī)劃，我國開始引進和國內自主研發(fā)水電廠計算機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)技術并取得了巨大的成功 </p><p>　　。通過多年的努力，國內自主開發(fā)的水電廠自動化技術的發(fā)展經歷了摸索、試

63、點、推廣、提高這四個階段，取得了很大的成績。特別是近20年來，國內水電廠自動化水平發(fā)展迅速，目前已進入世界先進行列。　　水電廠計算機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)通?？梢苑殖蓛纱蟛糠郑皇菍θ珡S設備進行集中控制的部分，稱之為廠級或廠站級監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)；另一部分是位于水輪發(fā)電機層、開關站等設備附近的控制部分，稱為現(xiàn)地控制系統(tǒng)。現(xiàn)地控制系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分就是現(xiàn)地控制單元LCU（Local Control Unit），在早期曾采用過與電網調度遠程終端RTU（Remot

64、e Terminal Unit）同樣的名稱，考慮到LCU的含義更確切，自1991年“現(xiàn)地控制單元學術會議”之后，基本上統(tǒng)一稱之為LCU?，F(xiàn)在就LCU在我國水電廠自動化系統(tǒng)中的應用及發(fā)展作幾點探討?！　?. LCU的應用　　在水電廠計算機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中LCU直接與電廠的生產過程接口，是系統(tǒng)中最具面向對象分布特征的控制設備。現(xiàn)地控制單元的控制對象主要包括以下幾個部分：　?。?） 電廠發(fā)電設備，主要有水輪機、發(fā)電機、輔機、變壓器等；　?。?/p>

65、2） 開關站，主要有母線、斷路器、隔離開關、接地刀閘</p><p>　　但PLC作為一種通用的自動化裝置，并非是為水電廠自動化而專門設計的，在水電自動化這一有著特殊要求的行業(yè)應用中不可避免地也會有一些不適合的地方，現(xiàn)列出以下幾點：　 （1） PLC以“掃描”的方式工作，不能滿足事件分辨率和系統(tǒng)時鐘同步的要求。水電廠計算機監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)都是多機系統(tǒng)，為了保證事件分辨率除了PLC本身應具有一定的事件響應能力和高精度時鐘

66、外，還要求整個系統(tǒng)內各部分主要設備之間的時鐘綜合精度也必須保證在毫秒級以內。而以PLC為基礎的現(xiàn)地控制裝置如果不采取特殊措施，就無法保證水電廠安全運行對事件分辨率和系統(tǒng)時鐘同步的要求。　 （2） 通用型PLC的起源主要針對機械加工行業(yè)，以后逐步擴展到各行各業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在的PLC雖然具有較強的自診斷功能，但對于輸入、輸出部分，它只自診斷到模件級。這對于我國電力生產這樣一個強調“安全第一”的行業(yè)來說，有一定的欠缺，往往需要另加特殊的安全措施。