外文翻譯--淺談建筑環(huán)境與暖通空調(diào)能耗

1、<p>　　Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm</p><p>　　Summary: The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output rea

2、son and influencing factor, can be more and reasonably put forward solve problem of method.</p><p>　　Keyword: Constructing a warm of environment an air condition can consume</p><p>　　Shallow tal

3、k the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm</p><p>　　The energy provided motive for the development of the economy, but because of various reason, the development of the energy i

4、s a usually behind in economy of development. In the last few years, the growth rate maintenance of citizen's total output value of China are in about 10%, but the growth rate of the energy only have 3% ～s 4%.Such si

5、tuation's requesting us has to economize on energy. The comparison that constructs the energy depletion in the society always the ability consume compares grea</p><p>　　Warm the air condition can consume

6、 of constitute</p><p>　　For creating comfortable indoor air condition environment, have to consume a great deal of energy. Warm the air condition can consume is the building can consume medium of big door, r

7、eside to statistics a warm an air condition in the flourishing nation and can consume to have 65% that building can consume, canning consume to share by building always can consume of 356% calculation, warm the air condi

8、tion can consume to share and always can consume of the comparison is up to 22.75% unexpectedly, </p><p>　　The influence of the indoor environment</p><p>　　Warm the target of the air condition i

9、s for people to provide comfortable life and produce indoor hot environment。Take can make the human body hold the balance but satisfy people's comfortable felling as a purpose in the general comfortable sex air condi

10、tion; In the constant temperature wetly or have the craft air condition of[with] clean request, everything takes satisfying to produce a craft as a target. But the building of the house the hot work design is the heat th

11、at the fitting land utiliz</p><p>　　Round to protect a warm of structure the influence of[with] air condition burden</p><p>　　Round to protect structure to include the outer circle structure wit

12、h inside round to protect structure. The outer circle protects structure to mainly include the house noodles, outside wall and window;(include the veranda door etc.)Inside round to protect structure to mainly includein g

13、round, crest, inside separate wall etc. In adopt the warm building, the comparison that rounds to protect structure to transmit heat hot loss to share total heat to lose is bigger, with 4 units 6 the brick wall, </p&g

14、t;<p>　　The economy energy has important meaning.</p><p>　　Influence constructed the programming design an air condition economy energy to the warm.</p><p>　　Program a design construct t

15、he important aspect of with the economy energy design, programing economy energy a design should choose an address from the construction ,cent area, the building and road set up an alignment, building directions toward,

16、building type of figure, building be apart from, winter monsoon predominance direction, the sun radiation, building the exterior space environment constitute etc. carry on a research.</p><p>　　With excellent

17、 turn the tiny weather environment of the building; Be advantageous to economy energy, full value and make use of the solar energy, winter predominance direction of wind, geography and geography, make use of natural fact

18、or. The design of economize on energy the programming is the beneficial and disadvantageous influence of decision factor, the radiation factor, the atmospheric-circulation factor and the geography factor that analyzes to

19、 make good, passing a building of the programm</p><p>　　Because the tree can absorb humidity from the root first, leading leaf's noodles to evaporate together, lowering the air temperature thus, secondly

20、 the tree is good hide the sun function, make thus the building be subjected to directly of the sun radiation and get from the ground of the radiation heat reduce, two is the function that the tree has leading breeze and

21、 blocks breeze. In addition, the ground will reflect the sun radiation not only, and its radiation become again after go up new of ho</p><p>　　In fine, the building environment is influence a warm, the air c

22、ondition can consume of important factor, from construct environment to begin consideration is the key that resolves a warm an air condition economy energy a problem, is also a kind of aggressive economy energy work the

23、author think and should emphasize a following work:</p><p>　　(1)the establishment correspond of policy laws. Draw up the policy laws to economize on energy a work to have meaning of instruction to the buildi

24、ng, and is appear with the form of the laws, on then meaning a government a value and encouraging, two can work for the economy energy of open an exhibition to provide law a basis. In recent years State Department with r

25、elevant department the also promulgated a related building economy energy laws; In addition each local government also according to th</p><p>　　(2)the push technological advance. Warm the air condition econo

26、my energy work opens an exhibition to can not get away from a technical progress smoothly. Nation while draw up the economy energy policy, then indicated a development a direction, also encouraged a technique a progress.

27、 Only depend on the development of science and technology, continuously excellent turn the energy structure with use an ability a method, then can be real to attain economy energy, create the huge social performance a<

28、;/p><p>　　(3)strengthen the coordination of the professional .The building is the outcome that each work grows a match, the building profession wants not only to consider from the aspects, such as the building

29、function and the building esthetics...etc. while consider the building environment, also wanting to carry on a match with the equipments work kind, the full value building environment, the building material...etc. to war

30、m the air condition is the influence that goes to a building and cans consume, e</p><p>　　淺談建筑環(huán)境與暖通空調(diào)能耗</p><p>　　摘要：研究建筑環(huán)境，了解暖通空調(diào)負荷產(chǎn)生的原因及影響因素，可以更加合理地提出解決問題的方法。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：建筑環(huán)境 暖通空

31、調(diào) 能耗</p><p>　　淺談建筑環(huán)境與暖通空調(diào)能耗</p><p>　　能源為經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供了動力，但是由于各種原因，能源的發(fā)展往往滯后于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。近幾年，中國的國民生產(chǎn)總值的增長率維持在約10％，但是能源的增長率只有3％～4％。這樣的形勢要求我們必須節(jié)能。建筑能源消耗在社會總能耗中的比例較大，發(fā)達國家的建筑用能一般占到全國總能耗的30％～40％；中國采暖區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)人口雖然只占全國人

32、口的13.6％，但是采暖用能卻占全國總能耗的9.6％。建筑節(jié)能是建筑發(fā)展的基本趨勢，也是當代建筑科學技術(shù)的一個新的生長點。現(xiàn)代建筑的必要組成部分暖通空調(diào)領(lǐng)域也已經(jīng)收到這種趨勢的影響，暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中的節(jié)能正在引起暖通空調(diào)工作者的注意，并且針對不同的國家、地區(qū)的能源特點和不同建筑的采暖、通風、空調(diào)要求發(fā)展者相關(guān)的節(jié)能技術(shù)。研究建筑環(huán)境，了解暖通空調(diào)負荷產(chǎn)生的原因及影響因素，可以更加合理地提出解決問題的方法。 </p><

33、p><b>　　暖通空調(diào)能耗的組成</b></p><p>　　為了創(chuàng)造舒適的室內(nèi)空調(diào)環(huán)境，必須消耗大量的能源。暖通空調(diào)能耗是建筑能耗中的大戶，居統(tǒng)計在發(fā)達國家中暖通空調(diào)能耗占建筑能耗的65％，以建筑能耗占總能耗的356％計算，暖通空調(diào)能耗占總能耗的比例竟高達22.75％，由此可見建筑節(jié)能工作的重點應該是暖通空調(diào)的節(jié)能。從暖通空調(diào)的能耗組成可以看出：暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能耗主要決定于空調(diào)冷、

34、熱負荷的確定和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的合理配置，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的布置和空調(diào)設(shè)備的選擇是以空調(diào)負荷為依據(jù)的。所以暖通空調(diào)節(jié)能的關(guān)鍵是空調(diào)外界負荷和內(nèi)部負荷的確定，而暖通空調(diào)節(jié)能工作也應該從這個方面著手，合理布置建筑物的位置，正確選擇外墻、門、窗、屋頂?shù)男螤罴安牧系?，盡量減少空調(diào)負荷。</p><p><b>　　室內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響</b></p><p>　　暖通空調(diào)的目標是為人們提供舒適的生

35、活和生產(chǎn)室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境，主要包括：室內(nèi)空氣溫度、空氣濕度、氣流速度以及人體與周圍環(huán)境（包括四壁、地面、頂棚等）之間的輻射換熱（簡稱環(huán)境熱輻射）等。在一般的舒適性空調(diào)中，以能夠使人體保持平衡而滿足人們的舒適感覺為目的；在恒溫恒濕或有潔凈要求的工藝性空調(diào)中，一切以滿足生產(chǎn)工藝為目標。而房屋的建筑熱工設(shè)計是恰當?shù)乩梅课菥S護結(jié)構(gòu)的熱導性，抵抗室外氣候的變化，使房間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生舒適的微氣候。 圍 護 結(jié) 構(gòu) 暖 通 空 調(diào) 負

36、 荷 的 影 響 圍護結(jié)構(gòu)包括外圍結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)圍護結(jié)構(gòu)。外圍護結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括屋面、外墻和窗戶（包括陽臺門等）；內(nèi)圍護結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括地面、頂棚、內(nèi)隔墻等。在采暖建筑中，圍護結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱熱損失占總的熱損失的比例是較大的，以4個單元6層的磚墻、混凝土樓板的典型多層建筑為例，在北京地區(qū)，通過圍護結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱熱損失約占全部熱損失的77％（其中外墻25％，窗戶24％，樓梯間隔墻11％，屋面9％，陽臺門下部3％，地面2％）；通過門窗縫隙的空氣滲透熱損失約占23％

37、；在哈爾濱地區(qū)，通過圍護結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱熱損失約占全部熱損失的71％（其中外墻28％，窗戶2</p><p>　　建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計對暖通空調(diào)節(jié)能的影響</p><p>　　規(guī)劃設(shè)計時建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計的重要方面，規(guī)劃節(jié)能設(shè)計應從建設(shè)選址、分區(qū)、建筑和道路布局走向、建筑方位朝向、建筑體型、建筑間距、冬季季風主導方向、太陽輻射、建筑外部空間環(huán)境構(gòu)成等方面進行研究。</p><p>　　

38、以優(yōu)化建筑的微氣候環(huán)境；有利于節(jié)能，充分重視和利用太陽能、冬季主導風向、地形和地貌，利用自然因素。節(jié)能規(guī)劃設(shè)計就是分析成氣候的決定因素、輻射因素、大氣環(huán)流因素和地理因素的有利、不利影響，通過建筑的規(guī)劃布局對上述因素進行充分利用、改造，形成良好的居住條件和有利于節(jié)能的微氣候環(huán)境。建筑旁邊的綠化不但有防風、隔聲、防塵和美化環(huán)境的作用，而且對于建筑節(jié)能也有重要作用。</p><p>　　因為首先樹木可以從根部吸收水分，

39、同過葉面蒸發(fā)，從而降低空氣溫度，其次樹木有很好的遮陽作用，從而使建筑物直接受到的太陽輻射及從地面得到的輻射熱減少，二是樹木有引導風及擋風的作用。此外，地面不但會反射太陽輻射，而且其本身輻射升高后又會成為新的熱輻射源。所以盡量種草、植樹，避免地面土壤裸露，并減少不必要的大面積混凝土地坪對于減少空調(diào)負荷，達到節(jié)能的目的是非常重要的手段。而且清潔的室外環(huán)境對于潔凈空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的有效運行和空調(diào)箱過濾器的壽命也是有利的。</p><

40、;p>　　總之，建筑環(huán)境是影響暖通空調(diào)能耗的重要因素，從建筑環(huán)境著手考慮是解決暖通空調(diào)節(jié)能問題的關(guān)鍵，也是一種積極的節(jié)能工作作者認為應著重以下方面的工作：</p><p>　　（1）制定相應的政策法規(guī)。制定政策法規(guī)對建筑節(jié)能工作具有指導意義，而且以法規(guī)的形式出現(xiàn)，一則表示政府重視和鼓勵，二則可以為節(jié)能工作的開展提供法律依據(jù)。近年來國務院和有關(guān)部委也頒布了相關(guān)的建筑節(jié)能法規(guī)；此外各地方政府也根據(jù)氣候條件和能源

41、特點，制定了各自的建筑節(jié)能標準和規(guī)定；但是總的來說法規(guī)和政策還有待進一步的完善。</p><p>　　（2）推動科技的進步。暖通空調(diào)節(jié)能工作的順利開展離不開技術(shù)的進步。國家在制定節(jié)能政策時，即指明了發(fā)展方向，同時也鼓勵了技術(shù)進步。只有依靠科技的發(fā)展，不斷優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)和用能方式，才能夠真正做到節(jié)能，創(chuàng)造巨大的社會效益和經(jīng)濟效益。</p><p>　?。?）加強專業(yè)間的協(xié)調(diào)。建筑是各工種配合的