mrp和mrpⅱ外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　譯文二</b></p><p><b>　　MRP和MRPⅡ</b></p><p>　　在本文中，我們將介紹MRP和MRPⅡ的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，從宏觀了解到微觀分析，由整體到部分，這樣我們就可以更好的把握ERP的精華和要點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　1 物料需求計(jì)劃（MRP）</p>&l

2、t;p>　?。?） MRP的定義</p><p>　　MRP (Material Requirements Planning，物料需求計(jì)劃) MRP是解決既不出現(xiàn)短缺又不積壓庫存的物料管理系統(tǒng)。是一種將庫存管理和生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃結(jié)合為一體的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃管理系統(tǒng)。它以減少庫存量為目標(biāo)，統(tǒng)籌地為制造業(yè)管理者提供滿足生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃需要的物資供應(yīng)手段。</p><p>　　（2） MRP基本構(gòu)成

3、</p><p>　　1）主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃(Master Production Schedule, 簡稱MPS)</p><p>　　主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃是確定每一具體的最終產(chǎn)品在每一具體時(shí)間段內(nèi)生產(chǎn)數(shù)量的計(jì)劃。這里的最終產(chǎn)品是指對于企業(yè)來說最終完成、要出廠的完成品，它要具體到產(chǎn)品的品種、型號。這里的具體時(shí)間段，通常是以周為單位，在有些情況下，也可以是日、旬、月。主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃詳細(xì)規(guī)定生產(chǎn)什么、什么時(shí)段應(yīng)該產(chǎn)

4、出，它是獨(dú)立需求計(jì)劃。主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃根據(jù)客戶合同和市場預(yù)測，把經(jīng)營計(jì)劃或生產(chǎn)大綱中的產(chǎn)品系列具體化，使之成為展開物料需求計(jì)劃的主要依據(jù)，起到了從綜合計(jì)劃向具體計(jì)劃過渡的承上啟下作用。</p><p>　　2）產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)與物料清單(Bill of Material, BOM)</p><p>　　MRP系統(tǒng)要正確計(jì)算出物料需求的時(shí)間和數(shù)量，特別是相關(guān)需求物料的數(shù)量和時(shí)間，首先要使系統(tǒng)能夠知道企業(yè)所

5、制造的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和所有要使用到的物料。產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)列出構(gòu)成成品或裝配件的所有部件、組件、零件等的組成、裝配關(guān)系和數(shù)量要求。它是MRP產(chǎn)品拆零的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p><b>　　3）庫存信息</b></p><p>　　庫存信息是保存企業(yè)所有產(chǎn)品、零部件、在制品、原材料等存在狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)庫。在MRP系統(tǒng)中，將產(chǎn)品、零部件、在制品、原材料甚至工裝工具等統(tǒng)稱為“物料”或“項(xiàng)目”。

6、為便于計(jì)算機(jī)識別，必須對物料進(jìn)行編碼。物料編碼是MRP系統(tǒng)識別物料的唯一標(biāo)識。</p><p>　?。?）MRP基本原理</p><p>　　“不出現(xiàn)短缺”和“降低庫存”是生產(chǎn)中遇到的兩個(gè)互相矛盾的目標(biāo)。由于市場需求是經(jīng)常變化的，對各種物料的需求也是時(shí)時(shí)在變化，增加庫存并不一定就能保證所有物料不出現(xiàn)短缺。正是為了解決這個(gè)矛盾，美國IBM公司的管理專家從分析產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)入手，首先提出了物料需求計(jì)

7、劃（MRP）的解決方案。</p><p>　　所有物料不出現(xiàn)短缺，正是為了解決這個(gè)矛盾，美國IBM公司的管理專家從分析產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)入手，首先提出了物料需求計(jì)劃（MRP）的解決方案</p><p>　　1）時(shí)間坐標(biāo)上的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　只要是制造業(yè)，就必然要從供應(yīng)方買來原材料，經(jīng)過加工或裝配，制造出產(chǎn)品，銷售給需求方—這是制造業(yè)區(qū)別于金融業(yè)、商業(yè)、采掘業(yè)、服務(wù)

8、業(yè)的主要特點(diǎn)。任何制造業(yè)的經(jīng)營生產(chǎn)活動都是圍繞其產(chǎn)品開展的，制造業(yè)的信息系統(tǒng)也不例外。MRP就是從產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)或物料清單出發(fā)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了物料信息的集成。</p><p>　　產(chǎn)品在生產(chǎn)過程中物料不是同時(shí)需要的。各種物料在不同的加工階段使用，有的先用有的后用，這就是物料在產(chǎn)品中的層次，根據(jù)這個(gè)層次形成了時(shí)間坐標(biāo)上的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)。產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)說明了每個(gè)物料在產(chǎn)品物料層次中相互之間的從屬關(guān)系和數(shù)量關(guān)系。“物料和時(shí)間坐標(biāo)上的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)”

9、概念是任何制造廠家（不論是否上MRP系統(tǒng)）都必須樹立的。用這種概念來管理生產(chǎn)，即使沒有信息系統(tǒng)，也可以減少許多不必要的差錯(cuò)和混亂。 </p><p>　　2）制造業(yè)的通用公式</p><p>　　任何一個(gè)制造業(yè)在編制計(jì)劃時(shí)，都必須回答以下四個(gè)問題，它稱為制造業(yè)的通用公式。這四個(gè)問題就是：</p><p>　?、偕a(chǎn)什么？（由主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃確定）</p>&

10、lt;p>　?、谝玫绞裁?？（由產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)確定）</p><p>　?、垡呀?jīng)有了什么？（由庫存記錄確定）</p><p>　?、苓€缺什么？什么時(shí)候下達(dá)計(jì)劃？ </p><p>　　運(yùn)行MRP有四項(xiàng)主要數(shù)據(jù)，他們是需求信息、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、提前期、庫存信息。</p><p>　　需求信息來自市場和客戶。需求信息包括客戶合同、預(yù)測以及備品備件或企業(yè)

11、內(nèi)部協(xié)作任務(wù)。計(jì)劃人員是根據(jù)合同和市場信息編制計(jì)劃、落實(shí)計(jì)劃和下達(dá)計(jì)劃。</p><p>　　產(chǎn)品信息反映在物料清單上。產(chǎn)品信息主要是產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和提前期。產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)如果用表格來表示就是物料清單，它是MRP的重要管理文件，幾乎企業(yè)所有的管理部門都要用到它。</p><p>　　庫存信息就是物料可用量。庫存信息說明有多少存貨數(shù)量可以參與物料需求計(jì)算。 </p><p>　　

12、3）MRP的時(shí)間概念</p><p>　　制定計(jì)劃必然要聯(lián)系到時(shí)間。如何認(rèn)識時(shí)間有幾點(diǎn)與傳統(tǒng)不同的概念。生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃之所以分為年、季、月、周、日、時(shí)等不同的“時(shí)段”，完全是為了計(jì)劃、控制、統(tǒng)計(jì)、結(jié)算的需要，是人為定義的，不是時(shí)間固有的屬性。MRP對計(jì)劃期長短的概念，是以控制產(chǎn)品的全部制造過程總提前期（為準(zhǔn)的。如果某個(gè)產(chǎn)品的總提前期要一年半，那么對這類產(chǎn)品的計(jì)劃期就是一年半，不是按年度計(jì)劃“一刀切”。</p>

13、;<p>　　MRP對時(shí)段長短的確定，是為了區(qū)分優(yōu)先順序。如果有10種產(chǎn)品都要求1月份交貨，就必須根據(jù)不同客戶對10種產(chǎn)品實(shí)際需要時(shí)間的優(yōu)先順序編制計(jì)劃。</p><p>　　MRP還有一種獨(dú)特的時(shí)間概念，即“時(shí)界”。把總裝提前期的時(shí)間界限稱為“需求時(shí)界”，在需求時(shí)界內(nèi)不得輕易更改計(jì)劃。人們把計(jì)劃期、時(shí)段和時(shí)界稱為MRP的三個(gè)時(shí)間要素。</p><p><b>　　

14、外文原文二</b></p><p><b>　　MRP和MRPⅡ</b></p><p>　　In this article, we will show you related content of MRP and MRP II, learned from the macro-micro analysis, from whole to part, so w

15、e can better grasp the essence and main points of ERP.</p><p>　　1 material requirements planning (MRP) </p><p>　　(1) definition of MRP</p><p>　　MRP (Material Requirements Planning,

16、material requirements planning) MRP is the solution either shortage and backlog of inventory materials management system. Is an inventory management and production progress plan of computer-aided production planning mana

17、gement system. It is to reduce inventory to target, and manpower to provide manufacturing Manager material supply means to meet production plan needs.</p><p>　　(2) the MRP basic structure</p><p>

18、;　　1) MPs (Master Production Schedule, referred to as MPS)</p><p>　　Master production schedule is determined for each specific final products in every specific time period of the number plan. For enterprises

19、, here is the final product of the final finish, factory finish, variety, for it to be specific to the product model. Here the specific time period, usually expressed in weeks, in some cases, also can be days, and months

20、. Master production schedule detailing what to produce, what time period should be output, it is an independent demand planning. Master produ</p><p>　　2) product structure and the BOM (Bill of Material, BOM)

21、</p><p>　　MRP system to the correct time and the number of the calculates item requirements, especially the demand quantity of items, and time, first of all, you want the system to be able to know the produc

22、ts manufactured by the enterprise structure and all materials to be used. Product structure lists constitute a production or Assembly consists of all parts, components, parts, Assembly and quantity requirements. It is th

23、e basis of MRP products chailing.</p><p>　　3)Stock information</p><p>　　Inventory information is to save all enterprise products, parts, products, raw materials, such as the status of the databa

24、se. In the MRP system, products, parts, work in process, raw materials, and even tools tools, collectively known as the "material" or "project". For ease of identification, the material must be encode

25、d. Material coding is MRP system to recognize the unique identification of the item.</p><p>　　(3) Basic principle of MRP</p><p>　　"There is no shortage of" and "reduce inventory&q

26、uot; is encountered in the production of two conflicting objectives. Is constantly changing due to market demand, demand for materials is also constantly changing, increase inventory and does not necessarily guarantee th

27、at all item shortages do not occur. In order to resolve this contradiction, United States management experts from the start with the analysis of the product structure of the IBM company first made a material requirements

28、 planning (MRP) </p><p>　　coordinates on the product structure</p><p>　　As long as the manufacturing sector, they are bound to be bought from suppliers of raw materials and processed or assemble

29、d, manufactured products, sold to the demand side-this is manufacturing differences in finance, Commerce, mining industry, the main characteristics of the services sector. Any production activities of the manufacturing s

30、ector was around its products, manufacturing information system is no exception. MRP is to proceed from the product structure or Bill of material, achieving i</p><p>　　Product material is not required during

31、 the production process. Processing of various materials in different phases, after first use, this is the material at the product level, according to the levels form a product structure on the time coordinate. Product s

32、tructure shows each item in product items in the amount of dependencies and relationships between each other. "Product structure of material and time coordinates" concept is any manufacturer (whether on MRP sys

33、tem) must be set up. Use this c</p><p>　　manufacture of general formula</p><p>　　When any of the manufacturing sector in the preparation of plans, you must answer the following four questions, i

34、t is called general formula in the manufacturing sector. These four issues are:</p><p>　　①What? (Determined by the master production schedule) </p><p>　?、趙hat is used? (Product structure)</p&

35、gt;<p>　　③has what? (Determined by the inventory records) </p><p>　?、?also lacks what? when issuing plan?</p><p>　　Run the MRP has four main data structure, lead time they need informatio

36、n, product and inventory information.</p><p>　　Information from the market and customer demand. Prediction of demand information including customer contracts, as well as spare or internal collaboration tasks

37、. Planners are under contract and market information in the preparation of plans, implementation plan and release plans.</p><p>　　Product information on the Bill of materials. Product information is a produc

38、t structure, and lead time. If using the product structure table to represent is the BOM, it is an important management MRP file, almost all enterprise management are used to it.</p><p>　　Inventory informati

39、on is material available. Inventory information on how much quantity you can participate in calculation of item requirements</p><p>　　3）MRP's concept of time</p><p>　　Planning time must be r

40、eached. How to understand time has several points are different from traditional concepts. Production planning is divided into year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, and so different "periods", is entirely in o

41、rder to plan, control, statistics, billing needs, definition is artificial, is not a natural property. MRP planned length of concept, is to control the product all manufacture process of total lead time (starting from th

42、e signed sales contracts with clients, to the e</p><p>　　MRP on the determination of the length of time, in order to distinguish priorities. If there are 10 kinds of products requested for January delivery,

43、you have 10 products according to different customer priority scheduling of the actual time.</p><p>　　MRP also has a unique concept of time, that is, "Territories when". Period of time limits in ad