mrp和mrpⅱ外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　譯文二</b></p><p><b>　　MRP和MRPⅡ</b></p><p>　　在本文中，我們將介紹MRP和MRPⅡ的相關內容，從宏觀了解到微觀分析，由整體到部分，這樣我們就可以更好的把握ERP的精華和要點。</p><p>　　1 物料需求計劃（MRP）</p>&l

2、t;p>　　（1） MRP的定義</p><p>　　MRP (Material Requirements Planning，物料需求計劃) MRP是解決既不出現(xiàn)短缺又不積壓庫存的物料管理系統(tǒng)。是一種將庫存管理和生產進度計劃結合為一體的計算機輔助生產計劃管理系統(tǒng)。它以減少庫存量為目標，統(tǒng)籌地為制造業(yè)管理者提供滿足生產計劃需要的物資供應手段。</p><p>　?。?） MRP基本構成

3、</p><p>　　1）主生產計劃(Master Production Schedule, 簡稱MPS)</p><p>　　主生產計劃是確定每一具體的最終產品在每一具體時間段內生產數量的計劃。這里的最終產品是指對于企業(yè)來說最終完成、要出廠的完成品，它要具體到產品的品種、型號。這里的具體時間段，通常是以周為單位，在有些情況下，也可以是日、旬、月。主生產計劃詳細規(guī)定生產什么、什么時段應該產

4、出，它是獨立需求計劃。主生產計劃根據客戶合同和市場預測，把經營計劃或生產大綱中的產品系列具體化，使之成為展開物料需求計劃的主要依據，起到了從綜合計劃向具體計劃過渡的承上啟下作用。</p><p>　　2）產品結構與物料清單(Bill of Material, BOM)</p><p>　　MRP系統(tǒng)要正確計算出物料需求的時間和數量，特別是相關需求物料的數量和時間，首先要使系統(tǒng)能夠知道企業(yè)所

5、制造的產品結構和所有要使用到的物料。產品結構列出構成成品或裝配件的所有部件、組件、零件等的組成、裝配關系和數量要求。它是MRP產品拆零的基礎。</p><p><b>　　3）庫存信息</b></p><p>　　庫存信息是保存企業(yè)所有產品、零部件、在制品、原材料等存在狀態(tài)的數據庫。在MRP系統(tǒng)中，將產品、零部件、在制品、原材料甚至工裝工具等統(tǒng)稱為“物料”或“項目”。

6、為便于計算機識別，必須對物料進行編碼。物料編碼是MRP系統(tǒng)識別物料的唯一標識。</p><p>　?。?）MRP基本原理</p><p>　　“不出現(xiàn)短缺”和“降低庫存”是生產中遇到的兩個互相矛盾的目標。由于市場需求是經常變化的，對各種物料的需求也是時時在變化，增加庫存并不一定就能保證所有物料不出現(xiàn)短缺。正是為了解決這個矛盾，美國IBM公司的管理專家從分析產品結構入手，首先提出了物料需求計

7、劃（MRP）的解決方案。</p><p>　　所有物料不出現(xiàn)短缺，正是為了解決這個矛盾，美國IBM公司的管理專家從分析產品結構入手，首先提出了物料需求計劃（MRP）的解決方案</p><p>　　1）時間坐標上的產品結構</p><p>　　只要是制造業(yè)，就必然要從供應方買來原材料，經過加工或裝配，制造出產品，銷售給需求方—這是制造業(yè)區(qū)別于金融業(yè)、商業(yè)、采掘業(yè)、服務

8、業(yè)的主要特點。任何制造業(yè)的經營生產活動都是圍繞其產品開展的，制造業(yè)的信息系統(tǒng)也不例外。MRP就是從產品的結構或物料清單出發(fā)，實現(xiàn)了物料信息的集成。</p><p>　　產品在生產過程中物料不是同時需要的。各種物料在不同的加工階段使用，有的先用有的后用，這就是物料在產品中的層次，根據這個層次形成了時間坐標上的產品結構。產品結構說明了每個物料在產品物料層次中相互之間的從屬關系和數量關系。“物料和時間坐標上的產品結構”

9、概念是任何制造廠家（不論是否上MRP系統(tǒng)）都必須樹立的。用這種概念來管理生產，即使沒有信息系統(tǒng)，也可以減少許多不必要的差錯和混亂。 </p><p>　　2）制造業(yè)的通用公式</p><p>　　任何一個制造業(yè)在編制計劃時，都必須回答以下四個問題，它稱為制造業(yè)的通用公式。這四個問題就是：</p><p>　?、偕a什么？（由主生產計劃確定）</p>&

10、lt;p>　?、谝玫绞裁?？（由產品結構確定）</p><p>　　③已經有了什么？（由庫存記錄確定）</p><p>　?、苓€缺什么？什么時候下達計劃？ </p><p>　　運行MRP有四項主要數據，他們是需求信息、產品結構、提前期、庫存信息。</p><p>　　需求信息來自市場和客戶。需求信息包括客戶合同、預測以及備品備件或企業(yè)

11、內部協(xié)作任務。計劃人員是根據合同和市場信息編制計劃、落實計劃和下達計劃。</p><p>　　產品信息反映在物料清單上。產品信息主要是產品結構和提前期。產品結構如果用表格來表示就是物料清單，它是MRP的重要管理文件，幾乎企業(yè)所有的管理部門都要用到它。</p><p>　　庫存信息就是物料可用量。庫存信息說明有多少存貨數量可以參與物料需求計算。 </p><p>　　

12、3）MRP的時間概念</p><p>　　制定計劃必然要聯(lián)系到時間。如何認識時間有幾點與傳統(tǒng)不同的概念。生產計劃之所以分為年、季、月、周、日、時等不同的“時段”，完全是為了計劃、控制、統(tǒng)計、結算的需要，是人為定義的，不是時間固有的屬性。MRP對計劃期長短的概念，是以控制產品的全部制造過程總提前期（為準的。如果某個產品的總提前期要一年半，那么對這類產品的計劃期就是一年半，不是按年度計劃“一刀切”。</p>

13、;<p>　　MRP對時段長短的確定，是為了區(qū)分優(yōu)先順序。如果有10種產品都要求1月份交貨，就必須根據不同客戶對10種產品實際需要時間的優(yōu)先順序編制計劃。</p><p>　　MRP還有一種獨特的時間概念，即“時界”。把總裝提前期的時間界限稱為“需求時界”，在需求時界內不得輕易更改計劃。人們把計劃期、時段和時界稱為MRP的三個時間要素。</p><p><b>　　

14、外文原文二</b></p><p><b>　　MRP和MRPⅡ</b></p><p>　　In this article, we will show you related content of MRP and MRP II, learned from the macro-micro analysis, from whole to part, so w

15、e can better grasp the essence and main points of ERP.</p><p>　　1 material requirements planning (MRP) </p><p>　　(1) definition of MRP</p><p>　　MRP (Material Requirements Planning,

16、material requirements planning) MRP is the solution either shortage and backlog of inventory materials management system. Is an inventory management and production progress plan of computer-aided production planning mana

17、gement system. It is to reduce inventory to target, and manpower to provide manufacturing Manager material supply means to meet production plan needs.</p><p>　　(2) the MRP basic structure</p><p>

18、;　　1) MPs (Master Production Schedule, referred to as MPS)</p><p>　　Master production schedule is determined for each specific final products in every specific time period of the number plan. For enterprises

19、, here is the final product of the final finish, factory finish, variety, for it to be specific to the product model. Here the specific time period, usually expressed in weeks, in some cases, also can be days, and months

20、. Master production schedule detailing what to produce, what time period should be output, it is an independent demand planning. Master produ</p><p>　　2) product structure and the BOM (Bill of Material, BOM)

21、</p><p>　　MRP system to the correct time and the number of the calculates item requirements, especially the demand quantity of items, and time, first of all, you want the system to be able to know the produc

22、ts manufactured by the enterprise structure and all materials to be used. Product structure lists constitute a production or Assembly consists of all parts, components, parts, Assembly and quantity requirements. It is th

23、e basis of MRP products chailing.</p><p>　　3)Stock information</p><p>　　Inventory information is to save all enterprise products, parts, products, raw materials, such as the status of the databa

24、se. In the MRP system, products, parts, work in process, raw materials, and even tools tools, collectively known as the "material" or "project". For ease of identification, the material must be encode

25、d. Material coding is MRP system to recognize the unique identification of the item.</p><p>　　(3) Basic principle of MRP</p><p>　　"There is no shortage of" and "reduce inventory&q

26、uot; is encountered in the production of two conflicting objectives. Is constantly changing due to market demand, demand for materials is also constantly changing, increase inventory and does not necessarily guarantee th

27、at all item shortages do not occur. In order to resolve this contradiction, United States management experts from the start with the analysis of the product structure of the IBM company first made a material requirements

28、 planning (MRP) </p><p>　　coordinates on the product structure</p><p>　　As long as the manufacturing sector, they are bound to be bought from suppliers of raw materials and processed or assemble

29、d, manufactured products, sold to the demand side-this is manufacturing differences in finance, Commerce, mining industry, the main characteristics of the services sector. Any production activities of the manufacturing s

30、ector was around its products, manufacturing information system is no exception. MRP is to proceed from the product structure or Bill of material, achieving i</p><p>　　Product material is not required during

31、 the production process. Processing of various materials in different phases, after first use, this is the material at the product level, according to the levels form a product structure on the time coordinate. Product s

32、tructure shows each item in product items in the amount of dependencies and relationships between each other. "Product structure of material and time coordinates" concept is any manufacturer (whether on MRP sys

33、tem) must be set up. Use this c</p><p>　　manufacture of general formula</p><p>　　When any of the manufacturing sector in the preparation of plans, you must answer the following four questions, i

34、t is called general formula in the manufacturing sector. These four issues are:</p><p>　?、賅hat? (Determined by the master production schedule) </p><p>　?、趙hat is used? (Product structure)</p&

35、gt;<p>　?、踙as what? (Determined by the inventory records) </p><p>　?、?also lacks what? when issuing plan?</p><p>　　Run the MRP has four main data structure, lead time they need informatio

36、n, product and inventory information.</p><p>　　Information from the market and customer demand. Prediction of demand information including customer contracts, as well as spare or internal collaboration tasks

37、. Planners are under contract and market information in the preparation of plans, implementation plan and release plans.</p><p>　　Product information on the Bill of materials. Product information is a produc

38、t structure, and lead time. If using the product structure table to represent is the BOM, it is an important management MRP file, almost all enterprise management are used to it.</p><p>　　Inventory informati

39、on is material available. Inventory information on how much quantity you can participate in calculation of item requirements</p><p>　　3）MRP's concept of time</p><p>　　Planning time must be r

40、eached. How to understand time has several points are different from traditional concepts. Production planning is divided into year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, and so different "periods", is entirely in o

41、rder to plan, control, statistics, billing needs, definition is artificial, is not a natural property. MRP planned length of concept, is to control the product all manufacture process of total lead time (starting from th

42、e signed sales contracts with clients, to the e</p><p>　　MRP on the determination of the length of time, in order to distinguish priorities. If there are 10 kinds of products requested for January delivery,

43、you have 10 products according to different customer priority scheduling of the actual time.</p><p>　　MRP also has a unique concept of time, that is, "Territories when". Period of time limits in ad