傳感器技術外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻原稿和譯文</b></p><p><b>　　原 稿</b></p><p>　　Sensor Technology</p><p>　　The sensor is an important technical foundation of the new technological

2、 revolution and the information society, is the trailbreaker of modern science and technology. The United States claimed as early as 80 years the world has entered the era of Japanese put sensors, sensor technology as th

3、e first ten technology. Japanese businessmen claimed "dominated the sensor technology will be able to dominate the new era". The world developed countries attach great importance to the development of technol&l

4、t;/p><p>　　Sensor technology is one of the world today attract people's attention the rapid development of high technology, but also is an important sign of the development of modern science and technology,

5、 it and communication technology, computer technology constitute the three pillars of information industry. If the computer is the extension of the human brain, the sensor is the extension of human facial features, as th

6、e rapid development of integrated circuit, computer technology, the development of pe</p><p>　　Sensor technology is one of the cross many disciplines measurement technology, semiconductor technology, compute

7、r technology, information processing technology, microelectronics, optics, acoustics, precision machinery, materials science, bionics, a comprehensive high-tech intensive technology.</p><p>　　The sensor has

8、been widely used in aerospace, aviation, national defense scientific research, information industry, machinery, electric power, energy, transportation, metallurgy, petroleum, construction, telecommunications, biotechnolo

9、gy, medicine, environmental protection, disaster prediction and prevention, materials, agriculture and forestry, fishery production, food, tobacco, robot manufacturing, household appliances and other fields, it can be sa

10、id that almost penetration to each field.</p><p>　　The development history, sensor</p><p>　　The foreign development of sensor technology has two different ways, one is to the United States as th

11、e representative of the walk way of civil, first increased and then the popularity of the first military post. The other one is represented by Japan focused on the utility and commercialization, popularization to improve

12、, by the introduction, digestion, imitation to innovation path to improved design. The former is expensive, the latter is less expensive, faster.</p><p>　　According to the expert assessment, compared to our

13、country sensor technology and the foreign advanced countries, in scientific research and development should be 10 years behind, are 15 years behind in the production technology.</p><p>　　Rapid development of

14、 sensor technology, there are the following reasons</p><p>　　1 attaches great importance to the research of the sensor function material:Traditionally, we are making all sorts of sensors based on various fun

15、ctional materials, which often limits the sensor performance is further improved.</p><p>　　2 of the sensor technology development attaches great importance to:For example, the United States of America Hone W

16、ill company's development center solid-state sensor annually for the equipment investment is $50000000, currently owns including computer aided design, crystal growth, processing, pattern generator, to repeat photogr

17、aphy, automatic coating and lithography, plasma etching, sputtering, diffusion, extension, evaporation, ion implantation, chemical vapor deposition, scanning electron m</p><p>　　3 attention process:</p>

18、;<p>　　The sensor principle is not difficult, is not secure, and the security is the process. In foreign countries, there are many evaluation "sensor" is not a general industrial products, but a perfect

19、crafts masterpiece.</p><p>　　In 1995, Tongji University President Professor published "chemical sensors -- Chinese sensitive needle", the Chinese traditional acupuncture needle and the needle shape

20、 of the same, but it has four function points of human body temperature, pH value, PO2 value and metabolism, with instrument display reading, research and clinical application in biomedical. This sensitivity is how to ma

21、ke the process of needle, confidential, can apply for patent protection.</p><p>　　4 pay attention to quality management and market</p><p>　　New product design, first from the theoretical analysi

22、s, model test, the performance of prototype to test and failure analysis, put forward the corresponding technical analysis report. First, in the design stage of organizational quality, software testing, and technical per

23、sonnel jointly affect the reliability of the product design engineering, product design for testability and repairability discussed, thus to ensure the best technical scheme of new product quality and quality acceptance

24、docume</p><p>　　Market demand survey meter analysis is very important, sweat hair products to market, sell and profit. Foreign manufacturers attach great importance to the analysis of market research, before

25、 settling in a new product development, light of investigation report a heap of tens of centimeters. One of the main application, technology, advanced technology, feasibility, industry and national preferential policies,

26、 investment analysis, comprehensive benefits, market demand, and many other aspects of a </p><p>　　The sensor technology development generally experienced the following four stages:</p><p>　　(1)

27、 structure type sensor such as a strain type displacement meter</p><p>　　(2) physical sensors such as solid-state piezoresistive pressure sensor</p><p>　　(3) intelligent sensor such as the Unite

28、d States of America Hone Will company ST--3000 smart pressure sensor, it with a microprocessor, with detection and information processing function. Since the diagnosis, adaptive function.</p><p>　　(4) molecu

29、lar sensor, it is the use of bamboo for the configuration and conformation and exhibit electromagnetic phenomena as the theory base and production. Notable features: small size to the bamboo, and is composed of a large m

30、olecule or molecular devices.</p><p>　　The human body is all kinds of sensor gathering place, and most organisms are molecular sensors sensors. So far, the real sensor, only to find, this suggests that in vi

31、vo, can make use of gene engineering, biosynthesis and molecular sensor system.</p><p>　　Some people are expected in the future of the century the coming of the era of molecular sensor.</p><p>　

32、　On the development of sensor technology issues in twenty-first Century, to the point of personal views: sensor support technology is the micro machining technology, including microelectronics and micromachining technolo

33、gy, sensor technology, competition will be the manufacturing process from the chip into packaging technology competition. New packaging technique such as anodic bonding, flip chip bonding, flip chip technology will have

34、greater development of new. Should rise to the rapid developm</p><p>　　Multi-sensor information fusion technology. The United States Air Force Technical College using the information fusion method for the de

35、termination of moving target research work was selected in forward-looking infrared sensor and a distance sensor, infrared image and visual image of dozens of pieces of distance nearly 100 information fusion based on the

36、 comparative analysis, the analysis method and the Bias minimum error classification criteria of feature level fusion, the moving target detecti</p><p>　　The world of micro electronic mechanical system (MEMS

37、) to give a high attention, the United States Agency (NASA) as support, the United States of America's Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (APPA) and other institutions to invest $20000000 a year, Germany's

38、 annual investment of 70000000 US dollars, Japanese trade industry MITI) has created a ten years plans to invest $200000000 in the United States, the Silicon Valley has become the world center of MEMS. With the rapid dev

39、elopment of sen</p><p>　　The future war is the electronic information warfare, one of its important features is to steal and steal information. Tanks, artillery and other likely quit the stage of history. Na

40、no sensor can also be dressed as leaves, straw, ants, flies, by airdrop method into the desired place, constitute a distributed sensor network, is used to collect intelligence. Take photos, hacking, computer viruses, cau

41、sing enemy lethargy. It was also predicted, can form a nano machine worm forces of every hue, with</p><p>　　Chemical sensor is very important in the production of industry and agriculture, home security, env

42、ironmental monitoring, energy, health care and other fields, demand will be more and more urgent.</p><p>　　The focus of future development of chemical sensor is miniaturized, intelligent, multi-functional. T

43、he working principle of in-depth study of organic, inorganic biological class of chemical sensors, improve sensitive material function design capability, flexible use of micromachining technology, sensitive film modified

44、 technology, microelectronic technology, many kinds of technology of optical fiber technology, biological engineering technology, integration, performance of the sensor optimizatio</p><p>　　Application of bi

45、onics, sensors, computing sciences as biomimetic sensors has made significant progress, biosensor is interdisciplinary science, it focuses on health care, environment detection, clothing and food industry demand.</p&g

46、t;<p>　　Environmental protection becomes more widespread attention. At present our country sensor first user metallurgical industry, for the 100 kinds of special high added value sensor almost all rely on imports

47、(such as ladle temperature sensor).</p><p>　　From the energy-saving, environmental protection, improve the analysis of automobile safety and comfort aspects, will have a larger market demand.</p><

48、p><b>　　譯 文</b></p><p><b>　　傳感器技術</b></p><p>　　傳感器是新技術革命和信息社會的重要技術基礎,是現(xiàn)代科技的開路先鋒。美國早在80年代就聲稱世界已進入傳感器時代，日本則把傳感器技術列為十大技術之首。日本工商界人士聲稱“支配了傳感器技術就能夠支配新時代”。世界技術發(fā)達國家對開發(fā)傳感器技術部十分

49、重視。美、日、英、法、德等國都把傳感器技術列為國家重點開發(fā)關鍵技術之一。美國國家長期安全和經(jīng)濟繁榮至關重要的22項技術中有6項與傳感器信息處理技術直接相關。關于保護美國武器系統(tǒng)質量優(yōu)勢至關重要的對項關鍵技術之中，8項就為無源傳感器。美國空軍2000年舉出15項有助于提高21世紀空軍能力關鍵技術，傳感器技術名列第二。日本對開發(fā)和利用傳感器技術相當重視并列為國家重點發(fā)展6大核心技術之一。日本科學技術廳制定的90年代重點科研項目中有70個重點

50、課題，其中有18項是與傳感器技術密切相關。美國早在80年代初就成立了國家技術小組（BGT），幫助政府組織和領導各大公司與國家企事業(yè)部門的傳感器技術開發(fā)工作。</p><p>　　傳感器技術是一項當今世界令人矚目的迅猛發(fā)展起來的高新技術之一，也是當代科學技術發(fā)展的一個重要標志，它與通信技術、計算機技術構成信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的三大支柱。如果說計算機是人類大腦的擴展,那么傳感器就是人類五官的延伸，當集成電路、計算機技術飛速發(fā)展時

51、，人們才逐步認識信息攝取裝置——傳感器沒有跟上信息技術的發(fā)展而驚呼“大腦發(fā)達、五官不靈“。     傳感器技術是測量技術、半導體技術、計算機技術、信息處理技術、微電子學、光學、聲學、精密機械、仿生學、材料科學等眾多學科相互交叉的綜合性高新技術密集型前沿技術之一。 傳感器已廣泛應用于航天、航空、國防科研、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)、機械、電力、能源、交通、冶金、石油、建筑、郵電、生物、醫(yī)學、環(huán)保、材料、災害

52、預測預防、農林、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)、食品、煙酒制造、機器人、家電等諸多領域,可以說幾乎滲透到每個領域。一、傳感器的發(fā)展歷史 國外發(fā)展傳感器枝術有兩條不同途徑,一條是以美國為代表的走先軍工后民用、先提高后普及的路子。另一條是以日本為代表的側重實用化和商品化,先普及后提高,由引進、消化、仿制到自行改進設計創(chuàng)新的路子。前者花錢多,后者花錢少,更快些。 據(jù)國內專</p><p>　　例如美國霍尼威爾公司的固態(tài)傳感器

53、發(fā)展中心每年用于設備投資就有5000萬美元,目前擁有包括計算機輔助設計、單晶生長、加工、圖形發(fā)生器,對步重復照像、自動涂膠和光刻、等離子刻蝕、濺射、擴散、外延、蒸鍍、離子注入化學氣相沉積、掃描電鏡、封裝和屏蔽動態(tài)測試等最先進的成套設備和生產(chǎn)線,而且是大約每三年左右就要更新其中大部分儀器設備,聲稱只有這樣,才能保證其技術領先水平。 3．重視工藝研究： 傳感器原理不難,也不保密,而最保密的是工藝。在國外,有不少評價“傳感器”

54、不是一般的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品,而是一種完美的工藝品之佳作。 1995年同濟大學任總教授發(fā)表了“中國特色的化學傳感器--敏感針”，這種針與中國傳統(tǒng)針灸所用針的外形相同,但卻具有能探測人體穴位溫度、PH值、PO2值和新陣代謝等四種功能,均用儀器顯示讀數(shù),已應用于生物醫(yī)學的研究和臨床。這種敏感針是如何制作的,工藝屬于保密,可申請專利保護。</p><p>　　4．重視質量管理與市場分析</p><p&

55、gt;　　新產(chǎn)品面世,首先從設計理論分析,到各種模型試驗、樣機性能考驗以至失敗原因分析等都提出相應技術分析報擊。首先在設計階段就組織質量、軟件試驗,產(chǎn)品設計工程技術人員共同對影響產(chǎn)品設計的可靠性、可測性和可檢性進行研討,從而形成保證新產(chǎn)品質量的最佳技術方案和質量驗收文件。國外廠商對傳感器都要嚴格按其各項標準進行嚴格檢驗。如性能全面檢測、壽命試驗,失效分析、各種規(guī)律性誤差測定與補償,并且把各種數(shù)據(jù)建庫（有生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)、批次、時間、檢驗標定數(shù)據(jù)

56、、實驗數(shù)據(jù)、用戶反饋數(shù)據(jù)等）,體現(xiàn)出一種大公司嚴格的全面質量管理體系,從而大大增加廠產(chǎn)品自身的生命力和競爭力。 市場需求調研計析很重要,汗發(fā)產(chǎn)品目的是要投放市場,賣得出去并獲利。國外廠商十分重視市場調研分析,在一個新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)定下來之前,光調研分析報告堆起來就有數(shù)十厘米厚。其中主要是應用前景、技術、工藝上先進性、可行性,國家或行業(yè)優(yōu)惠政策,投入產(chǎn)出比、綜合效益分析,幣場需求,綜合可行性討論等諸多方面。 當今傳感器技術發(fā)展大

57、體經(jīng)歷了以下四個階段： (1)結構型傳感器例如應變式位移計。 (2)物性型傳感器例如固態(tài)壓阻式壓力傳感器。 </p><p>　　關于21世紀傳感器技術發(fā)展熱點問題,談一點個人初淺看法：傳感器支持工藝是微加工技術,包括微電子和微機械加工技術,傳感器技術競爭將從芯片制造工藝轉化到封裝技術競爭。新的封裝工藝諸如陽極粘合、倒裝焊接,多芯片組裝等工藝將會有新的更大發(fā)展。應抓住信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和環(huán)保

58、生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起,21世紀的傳感器市場將會有更大發(fā)展,抓住傳感器發(fā)展機遇,不失時機地開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,逐步形成產(chǎn)業(yè),將會形成國民經(jīng)濟新的增長點。</p><p>　　多傳感器信息融合技術。美國空軍技術學院利用信息融合方法檢驗運動目標研究工作中選用了前視紅外傳感器和距離傳感器,將近100幅的視紅外圖像和數(shù)十幅距離圖象進行信息融合比較分析,采用特征級融合分析方法和貝葉斯最小誤差分類準則,使運動目標檢測準確率大大提高。<

59、/p><p>　　世界各國對微型電子機械系統(tǒng)(MEMS)給予極高重視,美國宇航局(NASA)很早就給予支持,美國國防部高級研究計劃局(APPA)等機構每年投資2000萬美元,德國每年投資7000萬美元,日本通商產(chǎn)業(yè)省MITI）則擬訂了一個十年內投資2億美元的計劃,美國的硅谷已成為當今世界上MEMS研究中心。隨著傳感器技術、固態(tài)技術、微電子技術、計算技術等學科的飛速發(fā)展,一種高精度、低驅動、高可靠性、低功耗、占用空間小

60、、重量輕和快速響應的嶄新的微型電子機械系統(tǒng)的傳感器即將在世界展現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　未來的戰(zhàn)爭是電子信息戰(zhàn),其重要特征之一就是竊取和反竊取情報。坦克、大炮等有可能退出歷史舞臺。納米傳感器也可打扮成樹葉、草桿、螞蟻、蒼蠅等,用空投等方法將其投入到所需預定地方,構成一個分布式傳感器網(wǎng)絡,用以收集情報。進行拍照、竊聽、引起計算機病毒、敵人昏睡。也有人預測,可以組建一支納米機器蟲部隊、懷揣形形色色的納米級武器,在納米

61、級馬達驅動下,去執(zhí)行各種特殊任務。</p><p>　　化學傳感器在工農業(yè)生產(chǎn)、家庭安全、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、能源、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領域具有十分重要的作用,需求將越來越迫切。</p><p>　　化學傳感器今后發(fā)展重點是微型化、智能化、多功能化。深入研究有機、無機生物類化學傳感器的工作原理,提高敏感材料功能設計能力,靈活地應用微機械加工技術,敏感膜修飾技術,微電子技術、光纖技術、生物工程技術等多種枝術融合

62、,使傳感器性能最優(yōu)化。</p><p>　　應用仿生學、傳感器學、計算科學聯(lián)理作為仿生傳感器取得了重大進展,生物傳感器是跨學科的科學,它著眼于保健、環(huán)境、衣業(yè)和食品工業(yè)的檢測的需求。</p><p>　　環(huán)境保護愈來愈普遍受到人們的重視。目前我國傳感器第一大用戶冶金行業(yè),所需100種專用高附加值傳感器幾乎全部依靠進口（例如鋼水包的高溫稱重傳感器）。</p><p>