外文翻譯----基于win ce的adsl線路參數(shù)的研究

1、<p><b>　?。ㄍ馕姆g原文）</b></p><p>　　ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE</p><p>　　Author:Kubilay Atasu</p><p>　　Lu Breveglieri</p><p>　　Windows CE

2、(also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version 6.0[2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows

3、CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, an

4、d Hitachi SuperH processors. </p><p>　　1.Features：</p><p>　　Windows CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are o

5、ften configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time

6、operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority </p><p>　　A distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to oth

7、er Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder

8、(an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of

9、core comp</p><p>　　2.Development tools： </p><p>　　Visual Studio,Late versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platf

10、orm images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects

11、 in C# and VB.NET, but not Managed C++. </p><p>　　Platform Builder,This programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the applicati

12、on. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used wi

13、th another associated tool set named below.</p><p>　　Embedded Visual C++ (eVC) ,The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used sta

14、ndalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity setup. </p><p>　　3.Relationship to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhone： </

15、p><p>　　Often Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of

16、several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (e.g. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font su

17、pport), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy</p><p>　　Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC

18、(now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes d

19、ifferent components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective devices. </p><p>　　Pocket PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for gen

20、eral PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter th

21、an those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable size. </p><p>　　The

22、 SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPh

23、one interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, wherea

24、s most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a</p><p>　　Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copp

25、er telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to

26、 be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with</p><p>　　4.How ADSL works vand installation issues： </p>&l

27、t;p>　　Currently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duple

28、xing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is u

29、sed for communicating from the central office to the end user. With s</p><p>　　Due to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate freq

30、uency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL connection. </p><p>　　installation re

31、quired a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside t

32、he customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offe

33、ring a self-install option, in which they shi</p><p><b>　　（外文翻譯譯文）</b></p><p>　　基于Win CE的ADSL線路參數(shù)的研究</p><p>　　Windows CE（也稱作為Windows Embedded CE，至今發(fā)布的最新版本：6.0 [2] [3]，有時(shí)

34、簡稱WinCE）是從微軟的Windows操作系統(tǒng)和嵌入式系統(tǒng)變化而來。Windows CE的內(nèi)核與眾不同，不是精簡式的桌面Windows的版本。不可與基于NT的嵌入式Windows XP混淆。它支持英特爾x86，MIPS，ARM公司和日立的SuperH處理器。1.特征： Windows CE對(duì)嵌入式設(shè)備進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，具有較小的存儲(chǔ)空間，一個(gè)Windows CE內(nèi)核可以運(yùn)行在兆字節(jié)的內(nèi)存空間下，相關(guān)設(shè)備往往沒有磁盤存儲(chǔ)配置，并可以

35、被配置為不允許使用最終用戶擴(kuò)展名的“封閉”系統(tǒng)，（而且，它可以“燒寫”到ROM）。 Windows CE符合實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)的定義，可確定中斷延遲時(shí)間。它支持256個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)，并使用優(yōu)先級(jí)倒置與優(yōu)先級(jí)繼承。執(zhí)行的基本單位是線程。這有助于簡化界面，提高執(zhí)行時(shí)間。 微軟表示，'CE'是不是故意的縮寫，用戶經(jīng)常簡單地稱之為“WINCE”。微軟稱，它意味著一種Windows CE的設(shè)計(jì)原理，包括“結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，可連接，兼容，高效

36、。”WINCE的第</p><p>　　2.開發(fā)工具:Visual Studio： </p><p>　　較新版本的Microsoft Visual Studio的Windows CE工程，支持項(xiàng)目： WindowsMobile，無論是作為一個(gè)仿真器或通過電纜連接到一個(gè)實(shí)際的移動(dòng)設(shè)備的圖像，產(chǎn)生可執(zhí)行程序。一個(gè)移動(dòng)設(shè)備是沒有必要制定Wince程序的。.NET Compact Framewo

37、rk支持的.NET框架支持C＃和VB.NET，但并不管理C + +。 平臺(tái)定制器(Platform Builder)：該編程工具的用途為：定制平臺(tái)（BSP+內(nèi)核），設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序（共享源代碼或定制），和開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。一次環(huán)境配置就可讓系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行。也可以使用Platform Builder為目標(biāo)處理器導(dǎo)出一個(gè)SDK（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開發(fā)包）（相關(guān)處理器如：SuperH，x86，MIPS，ARM等），并與另一相關(guān)的工具設(shè)置命名。</p>

38、<p>　　Embedded Visual C++ (eVC),為基于Wince的嵌入式應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)工具，此開發(fā)工具，能夠利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SDK，或是從PB中定制出的ＳＤＫ，從而開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序。3.與Windows Mobile，Pocket PC和智能手機(jī)的關(guān)系： </p><p>　　通常情況下，Windows CE，Windows Mobile和Pocket PC是交雜使用。這種做法不完全準(zhǔn)確。

39、Windows CE是一個(gè)模塊化/組件化的操作系統(tǒng)。這些模塊提供了一些其他組件的功能集（例如，不同的窗口支持 DCOM和COM）的，有些則是互相排斥（圖或TrueType字體支持），有些則添加額外的功能。人們可以購買一個(gè)工具包（Platform Builder），它包含了所有這些組件來開發(fā)定制平臺(tái)。Excel移動(dòng)應(yīng)用， Pocket Excel不屬于此工具包。盡管如此，舊版本手持的Pocket Word和其他一些舊的應(yīng)用程序作為樣本包括

40、這些功能。 </p><p>　　Windows Mobile被最好的形容為一個(gè)基于WindowsCE下的一個(gè)子集。目前，Pocket PC (現(xiàn)在稱為經(jīng)典Windows Mobile)，智能手機(jī)（Windows Mobile的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），電話和Pocket PC電話版（專業(yè)Windows Mobile）是三個(gè)Windows Mobile的主要平臺(tái)。每個(gè)平臺(tái)采用含有不同組件的Windows CE系統(tǒng)，以及各自含有適合

41、的應(yīng)用設(shè)備補(bǔ)充其功能。 Pocket PC和Windows Mobile是微軟自定義的一般PDA使用的平臺(tái)，和微軟組成按一套明確的最低配置（專業(yè)版，高級(jí)版）的軟件和硬件支持。制造Pocket PC設(shè)備的規(guī)則嚴(yán)格高于生產(chǎn)定制且基于Windows CE平臺(tái)的。在Pocket PC中的定義性特征是作為主要的人機(jī)接口設(shè)備，其極具便攜式特征。 智能手機(jī)平臺(tái)是一個(gè)功能豐富的操作系統(tǒng)且具有移動(dòng)電話手機(jī)的界面。智能手機(jī)提供各種商業(yè)功能

42、，商業(yè)用戶，如電子郵件，以及CE的多媒體功能。智能手機(jī)界面極為依賴操縱桿導(dǎo)航和PhonePad。設(shè)備上運(yùn)行的智能手機(jī)不包括觸摸屏接口。智能手機(jī)產(chǎn)品一般都像其他的手機(jī)的外形，而大多</p><p>　　非對(duì)稱數(shù)字用戶線路（ADSL）是DSL的一種形式，這種數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了更快的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，比較傳統(tǒng)的聲帶調(diào)制解調(diào)器，可以提供跨越電話線傳輸?shù)男问健Ｋㄟ^利用未通過語音電話使用的頻率，經(jīng)過分配器和濾波器，允許一個(gè)單一的電

43、話連接既可以同時(shí)使用ADSL服務(wù)和語音呼叫服務(wù)。由于電話線質(zhì)量各不相同，預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)中并沒有將DSL的能耗考慮在內(nèi)，它通常只用于短距離傳輸，一般小于3mi（5.5公里）[威廉斯托林斯的書中提到]。 ADSL的全稱是非對(duì)稱數(shù)字式用戶線路，是一種可以讓家庭或小型企業(yè)利用現(xiàn)有電話網(wǎng)采用高頻數(shù)字壓縮方式，由網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商ISP進(jìn)行寬帶接入的技術(shù)。由于從ISP端到用戶端（下行）需要大帶寬來支持，而從用戶端到ISP端（上行）只需要小量帶寬即可，因此這種

44、接入方式稱之為“非對(duì)稱”數(shù)字式用戶線路。</p><p>　　4.ADSL如何工作及安裝問題：</p><p>　　ADSL與傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)制解調(diào)器和ISDN一樣，是使用電話網(wǎng)作為傳輸?shù)拿浇椤．?dāng)在一對(duì)電話線的兩端分別安置一個(gè)ADSL設(shè)備時(shí)，利用現(xiàn)代分頻和編碼調(diào)制技術(shù)，就能夠在這段電話線上產(chǎn)生三個(gè)信息通道：高速的下傳通道（1.5-1.8M/S）、中速的雙工通道和普通的電話通道，這三個(gè)通道可以同時(shí)工

45、作。也就是說它能夠在現(xiàn)有的電話線上獲得最大的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸能力，這樣用戶在一條電話線上既可以上網(wǎng)快速“沖浪”，還可以打電話發(fā)送傳真，而不影響通話質(zhì)量或降低上網(wǎng)速度。具體工作流程是:經(jīng)ADSL Modem編碼后的信號(hào)通過電話線傳到電信局后再通過一個(gè)信號(hào)識(shí)別/分離器，如果是語音信號(hào)就傳到電話交換機(jī)上，如果是數(shù)字信號(hào)就接入Internet。信號(hào)分離器是用來將電話線路中的高頻數(shù)字信號(hào)和低頻語音信號(hào)分離的。低頻語音信號(hào)由分離器接電話機(jī)用來傳輸普通語音信