外文翻譯--俄羅斯巴什科爾托斯坦共和國(guó)的維特茲運(yùn)輸車輛

1、<p>　　本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）</p><p>　　論 文 翻 譯</p><p>　　英文題目 The total design of transport vehicles </p><p>　　中文題目履帶運(yùn)輸車的總體設(shè)計(jì) </p><p><b>　　學(xué)生

2、姓名 </b></p><p>　　學(xué) 院 機(jī)械科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 </p><p>　　俄羅斯巴什科爾托斯坦共和國(guó)的維特茲運(yùn)輸車輛</p&g

3、t;<p>　　現(xiàn)在， 維特茲生產(chǎn)的ctvs使用在俄國(guó)的整個(gè)領(lǐng)土的各個(gè)角落，就連同在北極圈的惡劣區(qū)域和南極洲中都依然能夠看到它們的身影。他們?yōu)樵S多顯著的公司服務(wù)，而且是它們運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)重要組成部份等，它們能為許多系統(tǒng)提供服務(wù)例如它們不但是是俄國(guó)全國(guó)廣泛分布的石油開(kāi)采、瓦斯管道維修的員工的主要的運(yùn)輸車輛，而且還服務(wù)于那些所研究的目的地即危險(xiǎn)又遙遠(yuǎn)的地質(zhì)學(xué)者和那些長(zhǎng)期工作在北極圈區(qū)域的科學(xué)家。</p><

4、;p>　　全地形履帶運(yùn)輸車于1913年最先被英國(guó)人提出來(lái)了。全球的軍事學(xué)家被它們的高操作性和如此出眾的越野能力所吸引。而且它們顯著的載重性能更是被大家所承認(rèn)。如此一來(lái)，美國(guó)、加拿大、瑞典，等國(guó)家迅速的引進(jìn)此車輛到他們國(guó)家的軍隊(duì)里為軍隊(duì)服務(wù)。截止到1950s，全球共有40余種履帶運(yùn)輸車輛，它們服務(wù)于各個(gè)國(guó)家的各個(gè)行業(yè)。</p><p>　　在蘇聯(lián)北方由于氣候惡劣，那里有堅(jiān)硬的凍土，常年堆積的雪坑，導(dǎo)致一般車輛

5、難以運(yùn)行，這嚴(yán)重的妨礙了蘇聯(lián)北方的經(jīng)濟(jì)和民生發(fā)展，而且有時(shí)出事故還時(shí)常導(dǎo)致了巨大的物資損失，對(duì)于邊防來(lái)說(shuō)，這些車輛對(duì)于北方邊防的需要也是迫在眉睫的。</p><p>　　在1960 年代早期， 蘇聯(lián)增加了對(duì)更為高級(jí)的ATV車輛的需求，這種現(xiàn)象變得越來(lái)越明顯，與此同時(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)能通過(guò)雪地和沼澤的履帶運(yùn)輸車只是單節(jié)，其最大載重量還不超過(guò)5噸，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足當(dāng)時(shí)的生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的需要，為了填補(bǔ)這個(gè)空白，一個(gè)專門用來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)此車輛的設(shè)計(jì)

6、局建立了，它以設(shè)計(jì)、完善、發(fā)展此車輛為主要目標(biāo)。</p><p>　　首個(gè)ATV樣車被命名為 DT－LP和 DT－L ，它于1971 年二月被蘇聯(lián)試驗(yàn)生產(chǎn).目前（DT-10 P 、 DT-20 P 和 DT-20 ATV）的履帶運(yùn)輸車輛其原型為于 1980 首批投入生產(chǎn)的。在 1982 年，巴什科爾托斯坦運(yùn)輸機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)公司設(shè)計(jì)了一系列產(chǎn)品，而且推出了 第一個(gè)ATV系列：DT-10 P 。</p>&l

7、t;p>　　在 1981 后期， DT-30 P 和 DT－30雙節(jié)履帶運(yùn)輸車試驗(yàn)完成了。它們?cè)诟鞣N不同的軍事區(qū)域中的最為惡劣的地帶和嚴(yán)酷的氣候情況下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，測(cè)試了這些車輛較為出色的越野的能力和其最大裝載量，最后得出結(jié)論它們可以勝任任何地區(qū)，可以裝載軍事的設(shè)備和非軍事的設(shè)備運(yùn)行在蘇聯(lián)的北方大部份氣候最為惡劣地的區(qū)，無(wú)論是在西伯利亞，遠(yuǎn)東，甚至是在阿拉伯的沙漠中，它都可以勝任。</p><p>　　1985

8、 ，一個(gè)重點(diǎn)研究和發(fā)展規(guī)劃使一個(gè)被人所熟知的Vityaz的雙節(jié)CTVs車輛家庭系列完成了。這一個(gè)家庭系列包括：</p><p>　　雙節(jié)履帶運(yùn)輸車 DT-10, DT-20 和 DT-30,其最大裝載量分別為10噸、20噸、30噸；</p><p>　　雙節(jié)履帶運(yùn)輸車DT-10 P 、 DT-20 P 和 DT-30 P作為一種常規(guī)運(yùn)輸車輛它們有著相同的規(guī)格。</p><

9、;p>　　根據(jù)對(duì)官員報(bào)告和參加了試驗(yàn)人員的意見(jiàn)，這些車輛的性能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過(guò)開(kāi)始時(shí)制定的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)一系列試驗(yàn)包括：在滑轉(zhuǎn)率較大的土壤上進(jìn)行越野的操作，最大負(fù)載量和車體內(nèi)在的體積、速度和障礙翻越能力，水陸兩棲能力，這些ATV的綜合性能所有其他國(guó)家和國(guó)內(nèi)其他公司所設(shè)計(jì)的車輛。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在， 維特茲的 CTVs 在俄國(guó)全國(guó)境內(nèi)各個(gè)角落中都在使用中，連同在北極圈的惡劣的區(qū)域和南極洲中。他們?yōu)樵S多顯著的公司

10、服務(wù)，而且是它們運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)重要組成部份等，它們能為許多系統(tǒng)提供服務(wù)例如它們不但是是俄國(guó)全國(guó)廣泛分布的石油開(kāi)采、瓦斯管道維修的員工的主要的運(yùn)輸車輛，而且還服務(wù)于那些所研究的目的地即危險(xiǎn)又遙遠(yuǎn)的地質(zhì)學(xué)者和那些長(zhǎng)期工作在北極圈區(qū)域的科學(xué)家。工程業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)也正在受益于這些車輛的服務(wù)。DT-30 K 起重機(jī)， DT-30 E 鉆井機(jī)，再配合普通車輛變成可動(dòng)裝置工作室、移動(dòng)的油精煉廠，乘客輸送車，槍戰(zhàn)車輛，等等在都可以在維特茲生產(chǎn)的底盤上被裝

11、。這些車輛是不只有在俄國(guó)受歡迎，而且在中東和亞洲的國(guó)家各處，連同在北方和南美洲反響也極為熱烈。</p><p>　　此系列的履帶運(yùn)輸車以相同的結(jié)構(gòu)的兩個(gè)單車復(fù)合車一個(gè)整車為特色。兩個(gè)單車基本上被焊接成一個(gè)封閉所有結(jié)構(gòu)的單車。整車的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)被安排在第一輛車的駕駛室后面的動(dòng)力艙中。通過(guò)一個(gè)12缸的柴油機(jī)引擎產(chǎn)生扭矩傳輸?shù)揭毫ψ兙仄?，再有液力變矩器把扭力矩傳輸?shù)椒謩?dòng)箱再傳到前車和后車的動(dòng)力橋，最后再經(jīng)過(guò)減速器傳輸?shù)角败?/p>

12、和后車的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪上。</p><p>　　這些車輛的數(shù)年的生產(chǎn)制造已經(jīng)證明他們的可信度和優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)。這些車輛最為精華的設(shè)計(jì)為以較大的接地表面并其雙履帶四軌道來(lái)提供的非傳統(tǒng)式樣使其穩(wěn)定性更為出眾。除了這一個(gè)特征之外，這些履帶運(yùn)輸車的整車有雙節(jié)車組成，這兩個(gè)單車通過(guò)兩組四個(gè)液壓缸組成，其中一組兩個(gè)液壓缸同時(shí)進(jìn)行伸縮可以使前車進(jìn)行俯仰運(yùn)動(dòng)，而后一組兩個(gè)液壓缸一個(gè)伸，一個(gè)縮來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且中間的連接部位為可以進(jìn)行側(cè)翻轉(zhuǎn)

13、的活動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)，這使得前車和后車都可以以對(duì)方為支撐點(diǎn)進(jìn)行俯仰運(yùn)動(dòng)、左右折腰轉(zhuǎn)向運(yùn)動(dòng)、以及側(cè)翻運(yùn)動(dòng)，其履帶為鋁合金，而負(fù)重輪和誘導(dǎo)輪為合成硬塑料制成，負(fù)重輪為飛機(jī)起落輪，這樣使其在最大限度內(nèi)減輕重量，這一特點(diǎn)是其優(yōu)秀越野性能的保證，它可以在沙漠中、雪地凍土、沼澤（通過(guò)折腰轉(zhuǎn)向像蛇一樣進(jìn)行前進(jìn)）、還可以作為兩棲車輛使用, 這樣的性能完全超越了任何一種在雪地、沼澤沙漠中行駛的車輛。</p><p>　　因?yàn)殡p節(jié)車經(jīng)由液壓缸

14、能在垂直和水平的平面內(nèi)進(jìn)行與彼此相關(guān)的旋轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)或者伸縮運(yùn)動(dòng)，雙節(jié)履帶運(yùn)輸車輛能在一個(gè)豪無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的雪地、冰或沼澤或者任何困難地帶和障礙較多的地段：如溝渠和矮墻 （等于一節(jié)車的長(zhǎng)度）區(qū)段，而還能進(jìn)行水中行進(jìn)。</p><p>　　由于他們的獨(dú)特設(shè)計(jì)，Vityaz家庭中的履帶運(yùn)輸車輛有能力在其他車輛所不能行進(jìn)的地段上進(jìn)行不可能的突發(fā)情況操作，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)：</p><p>　　對(duì)一個(gè)母親船進(jìn)行水陸兩

15、棲回返的物質(zhì)運(yùn)送；</p><p>　　在全地形中雙節(jié)車中有一節(jié)失效了或者是單獨(dú)的一節(jié)車進(jìn)行運(yùn)送物資</p><p>　　跨越4.0 m 寬的溝渠和裂縫。</p><p>　　船如果它不能夠來(lái)港口只能在港口附近的水上進(jìn)行卸貨; （在北極圈和南極洲區(qū)域就是如此，或者是在洪澇泛濫的區(qū)域中，等等中）能在海拔為4000m上的山地進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸物資。</p><

16、p>　　在海島上，DT-10 P 和 DT-30 P 履帶運(yùn)輸車廣泛地被運(yùn)用在挑戰(zhàn)極限的環(huán)境區(qū)域中，在這些方面被部署的俄國(guó)軍隊(duì)用。（因?yàn)檫@些運(yùn)輸車能軍隊(duì)物資、軍火、設(shè)備，和武器系統(tǒng)的安裝）這些車輛也在貧瘠的道路上和惡劣氣候的地區(qū)上行駛，它也被不同的工業(yè)所運(yùn)用。他們被用來(lái)運(yùn)輸各種不同的貨物；部署挖掘機(jī)，負(fù)責(zé)森林周邊附近的設(shè)備部署，而且運(yùn)輸武器設(shè)備；運(yùn)輸起重機(jī)，開(kāi)鑿既，水戰(zhàn)車，等等；為公司進(jìn)行水陸兩棲卸貨；拖運(yùn)送船和舢板從陸地上一直到

17、海中；和運(yùn)送鉆進(jìn)架子到淺水區(qū)域上或在潛水區(qū)域上進(jìn)行探勘工作。</p><p>　　在各種不同的工業(yè)部門上，DT-10 P 和 DT-30 P ATV的使用已經(jīng)根本地改變工程師的藍(lán)圖，這些車輛所涉入道路、飛機(jī)場(chǎng)，等等的各種工程中，由于他們的高度越野的能力和穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)輸能力，使他們減少成本費(fèi)用變得可能，在不同的天氣情況中， DT-10 P 和 DT-30 P履帶運(yùn)輸車輛有時(shí)代甚至可以代替直升飛機(jī)，直升機(jī)在俄國(guó)的區(qū)域北部

18、中應(yīng)用是有限的因?yàn)閻毫拥奶鞖庵谢ㄙM(fèi)比較高。</p><p>　　履帶運(yùn)輸車當(dāng)做救援車輛是不可缺少的，因?yàn)樗麄冇休^高的牽引力（大約 500 kN 為 DT-30 P）而且能在被損壞的差勁道路情況上進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，這是任何救援車輛所不能比擬的。DT-10 P 和 DT-30 P運(yùn)輸車能非常有效地被當(dāng)做搜尋的一部份，和援救車聯(lián)成一組可以在極端的情況（壞的道路、洪水，雪－漂流物，土地和雪滑和大規(guī)模的破壞泥石流上）運(yùn)行，在收災(zāi)害

19、影響較大的地區(qū)，當(dāng)被疏散的人，動(dòng)物和各種不同物資達(dá)如運(yùn)輸援救隊(duì)，醫(yī)療的人員、各種不同的設(shè)備和食物達(dá) 30 噸的重量的時(shí)候，DT-30 P運(yùn)輸車是必需的。</p><p>　　在長(zhǎng)達(dá)十多年中 DT-10 P 和 DT-30 P履帶運(yùn)輸車輛連接在各個(gè)環(huán)境中他們扮演不同角色，這本身就是一個(gè)承諾了，它已經(jīng)被證明了在所有的環(huán)境情況下它們的杰出質(zhì)量和令人驚訝的耐久性。這些顯著的機(jī)器已經(jīng)已經(jīng)是國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的對(duì)手們不斷跟隨的目標(biāo)。

20、</p><p>　　瑞典Bv206全地形運(yùn)輸車</p><p>　　履帶運(yùn)輸車瑞典Bv206全地形運(yùn)輸車-概述 </p><p>　　該車系Bandvagn 206的簡(jiǎn)稱，是一種多用途的全地形運(yùn)輸車，能在包括雪地、沼澤等所有地形上行駛，主要用于輸送戰(zhàn)斗人員和物資。 </p><p>　　1973年瑞典陸軍開(kāi)始探索Bv202的后繼車，要

21、求新車在服役15年后退役。1974年陸軍選擇赫格隆和桑納公司來(lái)完成必要的研究和發(fā)展工作，以便設(shè)計(jì)一種載重2t物資或17名全副武裝士兵的車輛，要求越野機(jī)動(dòng)性不低于Bv202、保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用低和培訓(xùn)乘員容易。1976～1981年陸軍試驗(yàn)和鑒定了52輛不同的樣車。1981年4月首批Bv206正式交付陸軍，之后赫格隆和桑納公司生產(chǎn)了5000多輛Bv206銷售給13個(gè)國(guó)家。 </p><p>　　瑞典Bv206全地形運(yùn)輸車-結(jié)構(gòu)

22、特點(diǎn) </p><p>　　1.活動(dòng)鉸節(jié)式雙車廂結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　該車由兩節(jié)車廂組成，車身之間用轉(zhuǎn)向裝置連接。每1節(jié)車廂由底盤和車身組成。底盤部分由中央梁、側(cè)傳動(dòng)和行動(dòng)裝置總成組成。4個(gè)獨(dú)立的行動(dòng)裝置總成可互相替換。前車廂內(nèi)可戴貨600kg或容納5名士兵和1名駕駛員；后車廂可載貨1400kg或有可載11名全副武裝士兵的足夠空間。他們的座位在車廂兩旁及前面，背囊等物可放在車頂，

23、最重可達(dá)200kg。該車滿載時(shí)可拖1輛總重為2.5t的拖車在任何道路環(huán)境下行駛，后車廂可輕易地更換以作特殊用途。 </p><p>　　2.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)裝置</p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)裝置安裝在前車廂內(nèi)，通過(guò)1根軸把變速箱與兩級(jí)減速齒輪箱連接起來(lái)，盤式制動(dòng)器也安裝在該軸上。動(dòng)力通過(guò)萬(wàn)向軸傳送給底盤前端的側(cè)傳動(dòng)。轉(zhuǎn)向是借助兩個(gè)液壓缸改變前后車廂之間的方向?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，通過(guò)1個(gè)普通的方向盤進(jìn)行

24、伺服控制。該液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)允許在兩節(jié)車廂之間有很大自由度。 </p><p><b>　　3.行動(dòng)裝置總成</b></p><p>　　每1總成內(nèi)有4對(duì)負(fù)重輪，前端裝有主動(dòng)輪，后端裝有誘導(dǎo)輪。負(fù)重輪安裝在由橡膠張緊彈簧支承、與鋼梁連接的拖臂上。后端的誘導(dǎo)論帶張緊裝置，也由橡膠彈簧支承。履帶是用橡膠配以縱向纖維簾布和整體式鋼質(zhì)成型加固件制成，經(jīng)瑞典陸軍常年在不同情況下使

25、用，壽命超過(guò)10000km。 </p><p><b>　　4.車身</b></p><p>　　用耐火玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)塑料(GRP)制成，采用雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，不但堅(jiān)固耐用，比鋼車廂輕，而且還起防翻車作用。該車設(shè)計(jì)可以保證環(huán)境溫度低于-40℃時(shí)仍能啟動(dòng)，前后車廂內(nèi)均裝有通風(fēng)裝置及熱交換器，能保持車內(nèi)溫度比外界高30℃，并可起除霧器的作用。此車具備兩棲能力，在水上靠履帶劃水推進(jìn)。

26、 </p><p>　　蓬巴蒂莫斯凱履帶運(yùn)輸車 </p><p><b>　　概述</b></p><p>　　該車是一種廣泛使用的多用途履帶式輸送車，能完成搭載乘員或運(yùn)送貨物的多種功能?，F(xiàn)已制成單人駕駛艙的牽引車型和10人駕駛艙的人員輸送車型。 </p><p><b>　　結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)</b><

27、;/p><p>　　該車底盤很象一個(gè)平底雪橇，密封防水，每側(cè)有2排，每排各4個(gè)氣動(dòng)負(fù)重輪，履帶是帶有橫向鋼制連接裝置的橡膠帶。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在車體前中部。駕駛艙后面是貨槽底板，載荷面積為2.34×2.08(m)，最大載荷重量是3639kg。后部可選用1.88m3的傾斜裝置或放置如反向鏟、挖掘機(jī)械、搖臂起笪機(jī)等各種設(shè)備。根據(jù)用戶需要，任選設(shè)備有帶機(jī)械式密封件的車輪、動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向裝置、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體加溫器、前置或后置的掛鉤

28、、前置或后置絞盤(拉力66.64kN)、冷起動(dòng)裝置、附加油箱、散熱器百葉窗、實(shí)心輪胎車輪和轉(zhuǎn)速表。</p><p>　　英國(guó)海特拉克全地形車</p><p><b>　　概述</b></p><p>　　該車由克雷格·喀里多尼亞有限公司設(shè)計(jì)，于1981年7月首次問(wèn)世。雖然該公司是為林場(chǎng)和農(nóng)作物噴藥而設(shè)計(jì)的民用車，但可作為部隊(duì)、貨物和武

29、器的載運(yùn)車，可在巖石地、沼澤地和深雪地等多種地形上使用，有效載荷可達(dá)3000kg。 </p><p><b>　　結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　全封閉和絕緣的雙人駕駛艙位于車前，其上有兩塊大擋風(fēng)玻璃，每塊玻璃上帶有電動(dòng)刮水器，還有寬窗和帶導(dǎo)軌滑移窗的側(cè)門。 </p><p>　　載貨艙位于車后，頂部裝有弓形件和篷罩，篷罩上有整塊透明玻璃

30、，后面可以卷起。有1扇向左打開(kāi)的大門。 </p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在駕駛艙下面，驅(qū)動(dòng)兩個(gè)液壓泵。液壓馬達(dá)安裝在后主動(dòng)輪中。駕駛員在駕駛艙右側(cè)，用兩根小拉桿操縱，完成前進(jìn)和倒退無(wú)級(jí)變速，向左向向右平穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)向和制動(dòng)的全部操作動(dòng)作。由于取消了機(jī)械式離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、差速器、腳制動(dòng)器和普通的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)，使保養(yǎng)工作大大簡(jiǎn)化。每側(cè)的懸掛裝置含有兩個(gè)橡膠減振的關(guān)節(jié)式雙輪平衡架，誘導(dǎo)輪前置，主動(dòng)輪后置，無(wú)托帶輪，主動(dòng)輪連

31、接停車制動(dòng)器。履帶張緊器作用于前主動(dòng)輪。橡膠履帶板上有可拆卸的高應(yīng)力鋼履刺，兩側(cè)誘導(dǎo)齒使動(dòng)力由主動(dòng)輪傳遞給履帶。 </p><p>　　M548履帶式運(yùn)貨車</p><p><b>　　概述</b></p><p>　　XM548運(yùn)貨車是利用M113履帶式裝甲人員輸送車的機(jī)動(dòng)部件在1960年為美國(guó)陸軍通信兵研制的，當(dāng)時(shí)作為安裝AN/MPQ-32

32、對(duì)敵炮兵雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的高機(jī)動(dòng)性運(yùn)載車，但未進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)階段。后來(lái)又設(shè)計(jì)成了一種用柴油機(jī)的、代號(hào)為XM548E1的改進(jìn)型車，動(dòng)力裝置和機(jī)動(dòng)部件與M113A1裝甲人員輸送車通用。1964年底，用3輛樣車作了工程試驗(yàn)和作戰(zhàn)適用性試驗(yàn)，次年定型。第一批生產(chǎn)型車由食品機(jī)械化學(xué)公司在1966年初完成，用來(lái)對(duì)裝備M109和M110自行火炮的部隊(duì)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充彈藥。1976～1984年，美軍共采購(gòu)了3683輛M548型車，另有1295輛出口；采購(gòu)M548A1型車25

33、4輛，另有6輛出口。 </p><p><b>　　結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　該車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和乘員艙位于車輛前部，空運(yùn)時(shí)駕駛艙頂、兩側(cè)、前后部都可以卸下。載貨艙上有后開(kāi)口，固定著兩扇防水密封門。在較上或較下位置用螺栓鉚接6塊突出的空心鋁板，構(gòu)成貨槽底板。下部的位置可以放置較多貨物或留出載員的放腳處。兩塊貨槽底板位置都有系緊裝置。載貨艙可用一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、涂乙烯基

34、的尼龍罩蓋著，尼龍罩用弓形件支撐。 </p><p>　　懸掛裝置是扭桿式的，有5對(duì)負(fù)重輪，前置主動(dòng)輪和后置誘導(dǎo)輪，無(wú)托帶輪。在第一和最后負(fù)重輪處裝有液壓減振器(在M548A1的第一、二、五負(fù)重輪上裝有液壓減振器)。在履帶上側(cè)部覆蓋了橡膠裙板。負(fù)重輪、主動(dòng)輪、主動(dòng)輪架、履帶調(diào)節(jié)器、誘導(dǎo)輪、減振器和履帶都與M113A1相同，但扭桿的直徑較大，側(cè)傳動(dòng)有不同的速比。 </p><p>　　該車有

35、兩棲能力，在水中靠履帶劃水，而美軍裝備的，則取消了兩棲能力。車前安裝具有88.9kN(9072kgf)拉力的絞盤。 </p><p>　　在駕駛艙頂部有可裝防空機(jī)槍的環(huán)形支架，裝7.62mm機(jī)槍，攜彈600發(fā)；裝12.7mm機(jī)槍，攜彈300發(fā)。 </p><p><b>　　主要變型車</b></p><p>　　1.M1015運(yùn)貨車</

36、p><p>　　1982年首次出現(xiàn)的XM1015車型是M548的改進(jìn)型，用于運(yùn)載設(shè)備的集裝箱或裝電子系統(tǒng)用的百葉集裝箱。目前已用來(lái)運(yùn)輸埃默森電氣(Emerson Electric)公司的AN/MSQ-103A TEAM-Pack雷達(dá)監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)的第一批產(chǎn)品。AM1015制式化后定型為M1015。陸軍已采購(gòu)了125輛。該車還攜帶AN/TSQ-114A通信截收和測(cè)向系統(tǒng)以及AN/MLQ-34戰(zhàn)術(shù)干擾系統(tǒng)。該車還有癲跡誄盜居

37、儀胺階壩猩燜跏教煜?。脭r驕?986年8月宣布，用2100萬(wàn)美元訂購(gòu)127輛改進(jìn)型M1015，該車有固態(tài)電路發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制器和改進(jìn)的百葉集裝箱軌道，還有1臺(tái)用于驅(qū)動(dòng)電子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電機(jī)。 </p><p>　　2.M548A1E1車</p><p>　　1977年食品機(jī)械化學(xué)公司完成了加長(zhǎng)型的樣車，它比基型車約長(zhǎng)0.66m。加了1對(duì)負(fù)重輪。制式的154kW(210馬力)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)被221kW(300馬

38、力)的渦輪增壓柴油機(jī)所取代。其他改進(jìn)項(xiàng)目有傳動(dòng)裝置、液壓轉(zhuǎn)向和冷卻系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　　3.M667導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射車</p><p>　　這是蘭斯戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)的基型車。裝彈輸送車稱為M688；發(fā)射車為M752。該車凈重為6455kg，懸掛裝置可以閉鎖，以便提供更穩(wěn)定的發(fā)射平臺(tái)。 </p><p>　　4.M730地-空導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射車</p><p&

39、gt;　　該車在駕駛艙后部的發(fā)射架上有4枚小槲樹(shù)地-空導(dǎo)彈。 </p><p>　　5.長(zhǎng)劍地-空導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)發(fā)射車</p><p>　　由英國(guó)航天(British Aerospace)公司為伊朗研制，但為英國(guó)陸軍采用，包括采用了M548改進(jìn)的底盤和全裝甲駕駛艙。車后有8枚待發(fā)的長(zhǎng)劍導(dǎo)彈。 </p><p><b>　　6.M548/S</b>&l

40、t;/p><p>　　該車已發(fā)展到樣車階段，實(shí)質(zhì)上是M548A1E1的加長(zhǎng)型運(yùn)輸車，帶有裝甲駕駛艙。車后有裝甲載貨艙。裝5443kg負(fù)荷時(shí)戰(zhàn)斗重量為15.1t。通過(guò)兩扇后門進(jìn)行裝載。 </p><p>　　7.LAR160輕型炮兵火箭系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　AAI公司作為系統(tǒng)的總裝部門在M548車上安裝了以色列IMI公司的LAR輕型炮兵火箭系統(tǒng)，以便為快速部署部隊(duì)提供

41、一種遠(yuǎn)程炮兵火箭系統(tǒng)。LAR160的火箭彈體直徑為160mm，長(zhǎng)3.311m，發(fā)射時(shí)重110kg。在M548車上，LAR160將從裝18枚火箭彈的彈匣(LPC)中射出。一輛車可裝兩個(gè)彈匣。該彈匣只是在運(yùn)輸時(shí)起作用，一旦火箭彈發(fā)射后，就被拋棄。每個(gè)彈匣重2522kg。裝有兩匣(若每匣含13枚火箭彈)160火箭彈的M548車重12.8t。</p><p>　　Issue 31. January - February

42、1999</p><p>　　VITYAZ TRANSPORTERS FROM ISHUMBAI</p><p>　　Vladimir Shangin,Director General,Ishimbai Transport Machine-Building Plant JSC</p><p>　　Currently, Vityaz CTVs are in use

43、 throughout the whole territory of Russia, as well as in the harsh regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. They are an invaluable part of the transport services for prominent companies such as Gazprom JSC, Rosneftegazstroi

44、, Rosneftegaz JSC, etc. They serve as primary transport vehicles for the personnel who service the extensive oil and gas pipelines throughout Russia, for geologists and scientists who research the dangerous, faraway dest

45、inations of Antartica and t</p><p>　　Multi-unit, all-terrain transport vehicles were first proposed by the British in 1913. Military specialists from around the world were attracted by their high maneuverabi

46、lity, cross-country abilities, as well as their remarkable load-carrying capacity, and soon such vehicles entered service with the armies of the United States, Canada and Sweden. By the 1950s, over 40 types of articulate

47、d tracked vehicles (ATV) were in production. </p><p><b>　　HDT-10P</b></p><p>　　Lack of reliable snow- and swamp-going vehicles in Russia hindered the development of the northern terr

48、itories, and often led to enormous material losses. These vehicles were also vital for strengthening the defenses of Russia=s northern borders. </p><p>　　By the early 1960s, Russia=s increased need for a mor

49、e advanced ATV was becoming obvious as the single-unit tracked snow- and swamp-going vehicles in operation at that time could not carry payloads in excess of 5,000 kg. To fill the need for such vehicles, a specialized de

50、sign bureau was established with the task of developing articulated tracked vehicles. </p><p>　　The first ATVs, designated DT-LP and DT-L, were produced for the State trials in February 1971. The vehicles op

51、erational today (the DT-10P, DT-20P and DT-20 ATVs) entered service in 1980. In 1982, the Ishimbai Transport Machine-Building Plant (Ishimbaitransmash) assimilated the series production and turned out the first batch of

52、the DT-10P ATVs. </p><p>　　In late 1981, trials of the DT-30P and DT-30 two-unit ATVs were completed. These trials were carried out in harsh terrain and severe weather conditions in various military district

53、s and demostrated that the vehicles possessed high cross-country ability and load-carrying capacity and could be used effectively to transport military hardware and non-military equipment in severe climatic conditions of

54、 the northern part of Russia, in Siberia, and Far East, as well as in the Arabian Desert. </p><p>　　By 1985, an intensive research and development program to create a family of what is known to be the Vityaz

55、 two-unit CTVs had been completed. This family includes: </p><p>　　= two-unit transport vehicles DT-10, DT-20 and DT-30, with a load-carrying capacity of 10, 20 and 30 tons, respectively; </p><p&g

56、t;　　= two-unit amphibious transporters DT-10P, DT-20P and DT-30P with similar specifications as the regular transporters. </p><p>　　Delivery of ammunition</p><p>　　According to official reports

57、and opinions of those who took part in the trials, these vehicles performed far beyond initial targets. In terms of cross-country maneuverability on low-bearing soils, payloads and internal volumes, speed, and obstacle n

58、egotiating ability, including amphibious capability, these ATVs outperform all Russian-made and foreign vehicles of this class. </p><p>　　Currently, Vityaz CTVs are in use throughout the whole territory of R

59、ussia, as well as in the harsh regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. They are an invaluable part of the transport services for prominent companies such as Gazprom JSC, Rosneftegazstroi, Rosneftegaz JSC, etc. They serve a

60、s primary transport vehicles for the personnel who service the extensive oil and gas pipelines throughout Russia, for geologists and scientists who research the dangerous, faraway destinations of Antartica and t</p>

61、;<p>　　The transporters feature similar configuration. Both units are basically sealed all-welded structures. The vehicle=s power plant is arranged in the first van behind the driver=s cabin. From a 12-cylinder mu

62、lti-fuel engine the torque is conveyed to a hydromechanical transmission via a cardan shaft and further to the bevel gearing and final drive units, as well as to the drive sprockets of the first and second van bodies. &l

63、t;/p><p>　　Cross-country ability</p><p>　　The track assembly is made up of four wide rubberized-fabric band tracks reinforced with welded steel cross-pieces; four track guide engagement drive sproc

64、kets with nine pairs of polyurethane rollers; road wheels with rubber bands, and four idler wheels (one on either side is provided with a polyurethane rim). The suspension is independent, torsion-bar type, with spring su

65、pports on all rollers. </p><p>　　Years of operation of these vehicles have proved their reliability and robust design. The vehicle=s design primarily features an unconventional pattern of four active track e

66、nvelopes providing for large surface contact with the ground for greater stability. In addition to this feature, these ATVs ensures the so called =kinematic method= for turning the articulated tracked vehicle through the

67、 =forced folding= of its units. The kinematic method of turn provides a positive tracking force for all tr</p><p>　　As the two units can be turned relative to each other in the vertical and horizontal planes

68、 via hydraulic cylinders or, conversely, can be fixed, the two-unit vehicle can negotiate short (equal to the length of one unit) sections of difficult terrain and such obstacles as ditches and walls and come out of wate

69、r onto an unprepared bank, ice, or peat. </p><p>　　Owing to their unique design, the Vityaz family of ATVs are capable of operating in conditions impossible for other all-terrain vehicles, for example: </

70、p><p>　　= amphibious return to a mother ship; </p><p>　　= off-road movement with one unit disabled or without one, or even without both tracks of one of the units; </p><p>　　= negotiat

71、ing ditches and clefts up to 4.0 m wide. </p><p>　　= unloading of a ship offshore if it cannot come close to waterfront (i.e. in the Arctics and Antarctica regions, or in flooded regions, etc.); negotiating

72、waterways in severe ice conditions; </p><p>　　= operation in mountains up to an altitude of 4,000 m. </p><p>　　Cargo platform</p><p>　　The DT-10P and DT-30P ATVs are widely used by

73、Russian troops deployed in challenging environmental regions, on islands (for transporting army elements, ammunition, equipment, FOLs and installation of weapon systems). These vehicles are also used by various industrie

74、s in regions with poor access roads and climatic conditions. They are used to transport various cargoes; deploy digging, forest-working, power, and firefighting equipment; deploy mobile polyclinics and bakeries; transpor

75、t cranes, exca</p><p>　　Use of the DT-10P and DT-30P ATVs in various industrial sectors has radically changed the techniques of construction projects, made them more independent of weather and made it possib

76、le to reduce costs involved in the construction of roads, births, airfields, etc. Due to their high cross-country capacity and dependability in diverse weather conditions, the DT-10P and DT-30P ATVs can sometimes replace

77、 helicopters, which cost a great deal in operation and whose employment in the northern areas of </p><p>　　ATVs are indispensable as recovery vehicles, since they have a high pull ratio (approximately 500 kN

78、 for the DT-30P) and can approach a stuck or damaged vehicle from any direction in bad road conditions. The DT-10P and DT-30P transporters are very efficient as part of search and rescue teams operating in extreme condit

79、ions (bad roads, floods, snow-drifts, land and snow slides and large-scale destruction) when it is necessary to evacuate people, animals, and various cargoes up to 30 ton by weight</p><p>　　A decade-long com

80、mitment with the DT-10P and DT-30P articulated tracked vehicles in their diverse roles in the armed forces and industrial sectors has proven their outstanding quality and rugged durability in all environmental conditions

81、. These remarkable machines have taken the road that domestic and foreign rivals dare not follow. </p><p><b>　　the Bv206</b></p><p>　　The track transports the Bv206 whole geography i

82、n car Sweden conveyance car-all say</p><p>　　That car fastens Bandvagn 206 brief names, is a kind of multipurpose whole geography conveyance car, ability at include snow ground, and marsh...etc. all geograph

83、y north bound drive and Be mainly used for transporting combat personnel and supplies.</p><p>　　Sweden army starts investigating the subsequence car of Bv202 and requests a new car to be undergoing

84、military service to retreat service for 15 years in 1973.The army chooses a He space in 1974 Long and Sang Na company to complete necessary research and development work, in order to design a kind of carry to weigh a 2 t

85、 the supplies or 17 armeds to the teeth soldier of vehicle, request cross-country flexibility to be no lower than Bv202 and maintain expenses low and training the passenger is ea</p><p>　　The Bv206 whole geo

86、graphy in Sweden transports a car-structure characteristics：</p><p>　　1.The activity Jiao stanza type double car compartment structure</p><p>　　That car constitutes to°from two section car

87、compartments, the of carriage is used to change direction to equip a conjunction.Each section car compartment constitutes to°from the bedrock and the carriage.The bedrock part is spread by the central beam, side to

88、move to become to constitute with mobile device always.4 independent mobile devices always become to substitute each other.Can wear the goods 600 kgs or accept inside the ex- car compartment 5 well-known scholar soldier

89、and a pilot;The empr</p><p>　　2.Motor and spread to move device</p><p>　　Motor and spread to move device to install fore inside the car compartment, pass a stalk become soon box and two classes

90、decelerate a wheel gear box the conjunction get up, the dish type system moves a machine also install on that stalk.The motive passes ten thousand to deliver to spread for the side of bedrock head to move to the stalk.Ch

91、ange direction to ask for help of two hydraulic urn the directions of that change front and back car compartment to carry out, pass one common of the steer dev</p><p>　　3.The mobile device always becomes<

92、/p><p>　　Each 1 always become inside have 4 rightnesses of negative heavy round, the head has an active round, behind carry to have to induce a round.Negative heavy round install at from the rubber brings to th

93、e stretch spring coil accept, with the steel beam link of drag along arm up.The inducement theory that carries behind takes to bring to the stretch device, is also accepted by rubber spring coil.The track is to go togeth

94、er with with the rubber with lengthways fiber Lian the cloth and whole type ste</p><p>　　4.Carriage</p><p>　　Strengthens plastics(GRP) to make into with the fire-proof glass fiber, adoption doub

95、le layer structure, not only hard enduring, lighter than steel car compartment, and still have already defended to turn over a car function.The car's design can promise the environment temperature is lower than-40 ℃

96、can still start, all have aerator and heat exchanger inside the car compartment before or after, can keep the temperature inside the car compares outside 30 ℃ in height, and can have in addition to t</p><p>

97、　　bombardier muskey tracked carrier</p><p><b>　　All say</b></p><p>　　That car is a kind of various functions that many use track types of extensive usage transports a car, can comple

98、te to carry passenger or carrying goods.The personnel who has already made into car type and 10 people cockpit in the leading of single cockpit now transports a car type.</p><p>　　Structure characteristics&l

99、t;/p><p><b>　　正在載入...</b></p><p>　　The car's bedrock very the elephant is a flat bottom sledge and seal completely watertightness, each side contains 2 rows and line up each time 4

100、for each spirit moves a negative heavy round, the track is the rubber that takes to have horizontal steel system to link device to take.The motor installs before bodywork central part.Behind in the cockpit is a goods slo

101、t scaleboard, carry the lotus area as 2.34 ×s 2.08(m), biggest carry amount of load is 3639 kgs.Empress the department can choose a 1.</p><p>　　Hytracker All-terrain Vehicle </p><p><b&g

102、t;　　All say</b></p><p>　　That car from gram thunder space ·many Nis in the Ka the second limited company design, the first time publishes in July, 1981.Although that company is the public car that

103、 forestry station and farm crop spray a medicine but design,is a transporting of troops, goods and weapon car, can use on rock ground, marsh ground and deep snow ground geography with various etc., effectively carrying a