外文翻譯--汽車電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述

1、<p>　　附 錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)</p><p>　　Overview ofDevelopment on Vehicle EPS System</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　The currentdevelopment of an electric power steering(EPS)

2、 system in an automobile is explicated. The structure, types and characteristics of electric power steering system are introduced. The modeling technologies for electric power steering system and control strategies are a

3、nalyzed and compared. The development trend of electric power steering system in an automobile is also discussed. It is pointed that the electric power steering technology is one orientation ofpower steering technologies

4、 in</p><p>　　Key words:Automobile; Electric power steering system; Development trend</p><p>　　1 EPS system types and characteristics</p><p>　　1.1 EPS system classification</p>

5、<p>　　The early development of EPS system is low in steering type car。Present 4 types of EPS system are based on rack-and pinion steering system,The installation position according to power motors can be divided i

6、nto different:Type booster steering、Small gear power type、Double small gear power type and Rack power type。The steering the instrumentality of motor power type EPS installed in the steering,Motor power torque through inc

7、reased after worm worm gear deceleration in the steering directly added t</p><p>　　1.2 EPS system merit</p><p>　　EPS system and the traditional hydraulic power steering system has the following

8、advantages compared</p><p>　?。?)EPS in various riding condition can provides the best efforts。In the car or parking at Treasury and low-speed steering provide enough power for the driver，In high-speed steeri

9、ng made drivers have good road feeling，And reduce caused by pavement of rough disturbance of steering system，Improving auto steering characteristics。</p><p>　?。?）Improve the car fuel economy，Urban conditions

10、 can improve fuel economy. (3) the average 5%, saving fuel 3. EPS system only when the vehicle steering only provide power, Unlike traditional hydraulic power steering system even in don't turn,Pumps have been runnin

11、g.</p><p>　?。?）EPS system structure is compact, parts, convenient in installation and smaller number to assemble, enhanced the labor productivity due to tell the packed in engine pulleys and oil pump, set as

12、ide of the space can be used to install other parts of FIAT Punto production company adopted DELPHI company developed the electric power steering system, loading time reduced around 80 percent.</p><p>　?。?）E

13、PS system cancelled hydraulic loop, there is no oil leakage and oil leakage problem, reduce the pollution to the environment, and save a lot of steering oil.</p><p>　?。?）EPS system has the function of self d

14、iagnosis, convenient in maintenance and maintenance.</p><p>　?。?） EPS system has good low temperature performance, even in 40 environment, EPS system also can work very well, has higher reliability and safet

15、y.</p><p>　?。?） EPS system's biggest advantage is the performance of the whole system can not changing the system structure of the cases, by changing the system control strategy of programming realize, i

16、n order to meet different models and different driving feel the need, greatly reduced the development cost and improve the efficiency of development.</p><p>　　2 EPS System Key Components</p><p>

17、　　EPS system key components Angle sensor are mainly torque sensor speed preach</p><p>　　2.1 Corner Sorque Sensor</p><p>　　Sensors for real-time detection of steering Angle rotation direction and

18、 steering disk disk position，The torque sensor for real-time detection steering dish torque size，And will signal transmission to EPS system of electronic control unit (ECU)。Corner the torque sensor precision problem deci

19、ded the electric power steering system performance and reliability，Accelerate development research performance reliable, low-cost corner torque sensor is very important，The cost of the sensor is restricted by</p>

20、<p>　　2.2 Speed Sensor</p><p>　　The wheel speed sensors used to measure the size of the average speed speed sensor using electromagnetic induction sensor installation on the sensor in gearbox according

21、to the change, the main speed pulse vice two system signals to ECU, because this was two system, therefore the signal reliability improved</p><p>　　2.3 Power Motors</p><p>　　Power motors is EPS

22、system actuators, and help motor characteristics directly affect the EPS system to control the ease or drivers handle EPS system for power motors are basic requirements of the high reliability should be, big power, low n

23、oise and vibration, low friction torque, small volume and weight; Can turn in blocking next output torque; good mechanical properties, in the process of operation, as far as possible to small torque ripple; The small ine

24、rtia should as far as possible; Should b</p><p>　　2.4 Reducing Gear</p><p>　　Its and motor is linked together, up slow increase twist of the deceleration agencies role EPS system often adopted w

25、orm and worm wheel mechanism circulating ball screw nut planetary gear agencies to ensure that EPS system only in a predetermined speed range role, some EPS system also with clutch when speed up to a certain value, clutc

26、h, motor stopped working, steering system.</p><p>　　2.5 Electric Power Steering </p><p>　　Electronic control unit (ECU) function is based on steering Angle torque and speed of the disk, logical

27、analysis and signal, issue commands to calculate, control the action in addition, boosts motor has a safety protection and self ECU diagnose function ECU through gather current generator voltage engine conditions signal

28、judge its system working condition is normal, once.</p><p>　　3 EPS System Research Situation</p><p>　　3. 1 EPS System Development Situation</p><p>　　EPS system was first by Japanese

29、 suzuki motor company in 1988 February development, Cervo small cars in the equipment installed in the Alto, then in 1993, Honda motor company is the world's first put EPS as standard equipment configuration in advan

30、ced sports car AcuraNSX, Japan automobile manufacturers then the Mira and mitsubishi's wrath Minica correspondingly installed EPS system since then, electric power to turn Booster motor,The two companies are about 70

31、% models adopted the steering power </p><p>　　In a foreign country, EPS system application range is from original mini on commercial to limousines MPV, booster forms from low speed range booster type to full

32、 speed range booster type direction.</p><p>　　At present domestic to EPS system research, mainly on the hacking power type with mini car carry EPS system on EPS of university basically has: study of tsinghua

33、 university, Beijing university of science and technology, huazhong university of science and technology university in Beijing university of tianjin university of hefei technical university of jiangsu automobile industry

34、 of hubei province, wuhan university of technology, college guangzhou Honda flying across SiDi, changhe plough is the e</p><p>　　4 Conclusion</p><p>　　EPS systems involve the sensor technology m

35、icroelectronics control modern control theory and the traditional mechanical design, EPS to represent the future car power steering technology development direction, will serve as a standard accessories one of the bus, a

36、nd equipment in power steering field is the dominant so EPS is very wide application prospect, our country is necessary to increase investment on research and development.</p><p>　　附 錄B 中文譯文</p>&l

37、t;p>　　汽車電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　綜述了國內(nèi)外汽車電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向(EPS)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,介紹了電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型及其特點。分析對比了國內(nèi)外電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)建模及控制策略,展望了電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢,指出電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)代表未來汽車動力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向之一,并將在動力轉(zhuǎn)向領(lǐng)域占

38、據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:汽車;電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng);發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　1 EPS系統(tǒng)的類型與特點</p><p>　　1. 1 EPS系統(tǒng)的分類</p><p>　　早期開發(fā)的EPS系統(tǒng)都是低速、駐車轉(zhuǎn)向助力型。目前現(xiàn)有的4種類型的EPS系統(tǒng)都是基于齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的,按照助力電動機(jī)的安裝位置不同可以分為:轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力

39、型、小齒輪助力型、雙小齒輪助力型和齒條助力型。轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力型EPS的助力電動機(jī)安裝在轉(zhuǎn)向柱上,電動機(jī)助力轉(zhuǎn)矩通過蝸桿蝸輪減速增扭后直接加在轉(zhuǎn)向柱上。其優(yōu)點是電動機(jī)可以安裝在轉(zhuǎn)向柱的任何位置,成本相對其他幾種類型最低;缺點對電動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩波動對駕駛員手感影響較大。小齒輪助力型EPS的助力電動機(jī)通過小齒輪與齒條嚙合,電動機(jī)的助力轉(zhuǎn)矩直接加在小齒輪軸上。優(yōu)點是:剛性好,轉(zhuǎn)向路感強(qiáng)。雙小齒輪助力型EPS的轉(zhuǎn)向齒條上安裝有兩個小齒輪,一個小齒輪與轉(zhuǎn)向

40、盤相連,助力電動機(jī)通過另外一個小齒輪與齒條嚙合,為齒條提供助力。優(yōu)點是:可以提供相對較大的助力。</p><p>　　1. 2 EPS系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點</p><p>　　EPS系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的液壓動力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)相比有以下優(yōu)點:</p><p>　　（1)EPS能在各種行駛工況下提供最佳助力。在駐車或停車入庫以及低速轉(zhuǎn)向時為駕駛員提供足夠的助力,在高速轉(zhuǎn)向時使駕駛員有良好的“路

41、感”,并減小由路面不平所引起的對轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的擾動,改善汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向特性。</p><p>　　（2)提高了汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性,城市工況下燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性可以提高3. 5%,平均節(jié)省燃油3%。EPS系統(tǒng)僅在汽車轉(zhuǎn)向時才提供助力,不像傳統(tǒng)的液壓動力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)即使在不轉(zhuǎn)向時,油泵也一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>　　（3)EPS系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,零件數(shù)量較少,便于安裝和裝配,提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。由于省去了裝于發(fā)動機(jī)上的

42、皮帶輪和油泵,留出的空間可以用于安裝其他部件。FIAT公司生產(chǎn)的Punto采用了DELPHI公司開發(fā)的電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),裝車時間減少了80%左右。</p><p>　　（4)EPS系統(tǒng)取消了液壓回路,不存在滲油和漏油問題,減少了對環(huán)境的污染,同時又節(jié)省了大量的轉(zhuǎn)向助力油。</p><p>　　（5)EPS系統(tǒng)具有自我診斷的功能,便于維修和保養(yǎng)。</p><p>　　

43、（6)EPS系統(tǒng)具有良好的低溫工作性能,即使在-40℃的環(huán)境下,EPS系統(tǒng)也能很好地工作,具有更高的可靠性、安全性。</p><p>　?。?)EPS系統(tǒng)最大的優(yōu)點就是整個系統(tǒng)的性能可以在不改變系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下,通過改變系統(tǒng)的控制策略、編程來實現(xiàn),從而滿足不同的車型和不同的駕駛感覺的需要,大大減低了開發(fā)的成本,提高了開發(fā)效率。</p><p>　　2 EPS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件</p>

44、;<p>　　EPS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件主要有轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器、車速傳感器、助力電動機(jī)、減速機(jī)構(gòu)和電控制單元(ECU)等。</p><p>　　2.1 轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器</p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器用于實時檢測轉(zhuǎn)向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動方向以及轉(zhuǎn)向盤的位置,轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器用于實時檢測轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)矩大小,并將信號輸送到EPS系統(tǒng)的電控單元(ECU)。轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器的精度問題決定了電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)

45、的性能可靠性,加速開發(fā)研究性能可靠成本低廉的轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器十分重要,傳感器的成本是制約電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)市場化的主要因素之一。</p><p><b>　　2.2 車速傳感器</b></p><p>　　車速傳感器用來測量車速的大小。車速傳感器一般采用電磁感應(yīng)式傳感器,安裝在變速箱上。該傳感器根據(jù)車速的變化,把主副兩個系統(tǒng)的脈沖信號傳送給ECU,由于是兩個系統(tǒng),因此信

46、號的可靠性提高了。</p><p><b>　　2.3 助力電動機(jī)</b></p><p>　　助力電動機(jī)是EPS系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行元件,助力電動機(jī)的特性直接影響到EPS系統(tǒng)控制的難易程度和駕駛員的手感。EPS系統(tǒng)對助力電動機(jī)的基本要求是:應(yīng)具有高的可靠性，大的功率,低噪聲和振動,較低的摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩,較小的體積和重量;能夠在堵轉(zhuǎn)下輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩;有良好的機(jī)械特性,在工作過程中,轉(zhuǎn)矩波動

47、盡量要小;轉(zhuǎn)動慣量應(yīng)盡可能的小;應(yīng)能快速的反轉(zhuǎn)。目前EPS系統(tǒng)的助力電動機(jī)通常有永磁直流電動機(jī)、直流無刷電動機(jī)和開關(guān)磁阻電動機(jī)等。直流有刷電動機(jī)技術(shù)成熟,控制器簡單,成本低,但存在電刷易磨損、功率密度低、由換向器的電火花產(chǎn)生的電磁干擾等缺點。直流無刷電動機(jī)采用電子換向,減少了換向時的電火花,不需要經(jīng)常維護(hù)以及具有較高的效率和功率密度而受到越來越多的關(guān)注。因此,開發(fā)適合EPS系統(tǒng)使用的低成本、高功率密度的直流無刷電動機(jī)是今后助力電動機(jī)的研

48、究方向。</p><p><b>　　2.4 減速機(jī)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　其與電動機(jī)相連,起減速增扭作用。EPS系統(tǒng)的減速機(jī)構(gòu)常采用蝸輪蝸桿機(jī)構(gòu)、循環(huán)球螺桿螺母、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)等。為了保證EPS系統(tǒng)只在預(yù)先設(shè)定的車速范圍內(nèi)起作用,有的EPS系統(tǒng)還配用離合器。當(dāng)車速達(dá)到某一值時,離合器分離,電動機(jī)停止工作,轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)為手動轉(zhuǎn)向。另外,當(dāng)電動機(jī)發(fā)生故障時,離合器將

49、自動分離。</p><p>　　2.5 電控單元(ECU)</p><p>　　電控單元(ECU)的功能是根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩和車速信號,進(jìn)行邏輯分析與計算后,發(fā)出指令,控制助力電動機(jī)的動作。此外,ECU還有安全保護(hù)和自我診斷功能。ECU通過采集電動機(jī)的電流、發(fā)電機(jī)電壓、發(fā)動機(jī)工況等信號判斷其系統(tǒng)工作狀況是否正常,一旦系統(tǒng)工作異常,助力將自動取消,同時ECU將進(jìn)行故障診斷分析。隨著EPS系

50、統(tǒng)控制策略的日益完善,控制算法越來越復(fù)雜,對處理器的運(yùn)算速度的要求也越來越高,DSP不但有較強(qiáng)的運(yùn)算能力,而且還集成了專用電動機(jī)驅(qū)動電路,應(yīng)用于電動機(jī)的控制。</p><p>　　3 EPS系統(tǒng)研究現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　3.1 EPS系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展概況</p><p>　　EPS系統(tǒng)最早是由日本的鈴木汽車公司于1988年2月開發(fā)的,裝備于Cervo的微型轎車,隨后還

51、安裝在Alto上。1993年,本田汽車公司是世界上第一個把EPS作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝備配置在高級運(yùn)動跑車AcuraNSX的汽車生產(chǎn)商。隨后,日本大發(fā)的Mira和三菱的Minica都相應(yīng)安裝了EPS系統(tǒng)。此后,電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)得到了迅速發(fā)展,日本的NSK、美國的DELPHI,TRW,英國的Lucas以及德國的ZF等,都相繼研制出了各自的EPS系統(tǒng)。菲亞特和雷諾等首先采用電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)的公司在A,、B、C級轎車的轉(zhuǎn)向柱上安裝了助力電動機(jī),兩家公司都

52、有約70%車型采用了轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力型EPS。Ford和GM公司選擇了TRW公司提供的一種過渡技術(shù),即電動液壓轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)。大眾汽車公司則在其PQ35GOLF平臺上采用了ZF公司提供的復(fù)雜的雙小齒輪助力型EPS。</p><p>　　在國外,EPS系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍正從最初的微型車向高級轎車、商務(wù)車、商用車上發(fā)展,助力形式從低速范圍助力型向全速范圍助力型方向發(fā)展。</p><p>　　目前國內(nèi)對EPS系

53、統(tǒng)的研究,主要是針對微型轎車用“轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力型”EPS展開的。開展EPS系統(tǒng)研究的高校主要有:清華大學(xué)、北京理工大學(xué)、華中科技大學(xué)、北京科技大學(xué)、天津大學(xué)、江蘇大學(xué)、合肥工大、武漢理工大學(xué)、湖北汽車工業(yè)學(xué)院等。廣州本田飛度、思迪,昌河北斗星是國內(nèi)最早裝備EPS系統(tǒng)的車型,EPS使這些轎車成為參與市場競爭的亮點。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)束語</b></p><p&