外文翻譯--電視轉(zhuǎn)播車車體的設(shè)計要求

1、<p>　　TV broadcast bodywork design requirements</p><p>　　Introduce bodywork design</p><p>　　Install broadcast is a comprehensive system engineering, the body is the complex system is an imp

2、ortant part of. In the broadcast, the body part in carrying out all broadcast video recording needed, audio and peripheral equipment, provide an outside the workplace. Not only such, still must ensure the safety equipmen

3、toperation and smooth transhipment, The design quality, not only directly affect the task of broadcast programs, but also to the whole system of safe transport equipment.</p><p>　　Bodywork design, is the fir

4、st consideration in the broadcast of the design, the first thing to do, It will have a direct relationship to other system design.</p><p>　　Bodywork designing technical requirements for design, should accord

5、ing to the hull of broadcast equipment size and purpose to choose, The general is installed cameras number, the risk is bigger also. According to the former chapter 8, use the broadcast cameras, can consider to choose me

6、dium broadcast. In television broadcast often faced severe external environment, and considering carrying equipment and broadcast task too many factors such as particularity, broadcast in the modification of car w</p&

7、gt;<p>　　The safety performance of the broadcast must conform to the state auto industry standards, car body processing and chassis USES the overseas broadcast depot exterior processing technology, size and payloa

8、d must conform to the state department of traffic regulations. Car chassis and selection: international famous brand high-end products, the truck chassis on all equipment shall be loaded under the condition of the truck

9、with 20% less than 200 surplus, engine, air suspension design, power electro</p><p>　　Car body requirements: TiZong compartments 10-11 meters long, no more than is 3.8 meters high and wide 2.5 meters, the ri

10、ght side is four meters long pull box. Box body use fixed number of year more than 15 years, the car body structure of aluminum alloy frame, with high strength and insulation, Material requirement is accord with internat

11、ional standard of environmental protection, flame retardant materials. Vehicle requirements, dustproof, waterproof and sealed anti-rust, anticorrosion, prevent</p><p>　　Body: the space layout design requirem

12、ents, and fully consider the reasonable layout of the camera, lens, earphone, tripod, cable, microphone, tools and equipment accessories storage space. For the car fixed equipment should consider appropriate carry scheme

13、.</p><p>　　In the national standard of vehicles, within the scope of the space as far as possible, spacious internal headroom maximization, the lateral pull section 2.2 meters, internal clear part and intern

14、al headroom wife 2.0 cars, cars GaoCheng 4 meters in vitro.</p><p>　　According to the different type of programme production division, scientific and reasonable utilization of working space. The workspace sh

15、ould</p><p>　　Have partition, and pass the adornment with door, audio broadcasting acoustic requirements.</p><p>　　Car chassis and selection</p><p>　　Generally speaking, the car cha

16、ssis and is generally together of choose and buy, the first to calculate the weight, then the broadcast and calculate the maximum weight, total quality, Choose total capacity calculation model is bigger than that.</p&

17、gt;<p>　　This design calculation, for example (hereinafter data for each half xiang estimated) :The total weight of two car electronic equipment nominal total weight (1 ton) + internal cables and connectors total

18、weight (0.3 tons) ten outsideCable and cable reels total weight (0.5 tons of air-conditioning equipment and power) and total weight (l) + containing side and tons of heavy trunk TiZong compartments (5 tons) + car chassis

19、 total weight (5.5 tons) = 13.8 tons. Maximum loading 17.25 tons.</p><p>　　Additionally, want to consider the traffic situation and task destination of local geography environment, For been poor road conditi

20、ons or the environment, should choose the output power of the engine and have left corner to corner and Outlines the chassis (in after modification, this part of the parameters change), In order to protect the precision

21、bearing, should choose the equipment with air suspension design of air suspension system (increase chassis, can effectively increase the stability a</p><p>　　Bodywork design types and cars</p><p&g

22、t;　　Body type selection, according to the technical requirements for broadcast medium body choice to build. At present, we have the choice of two types: the body dragged hang cabinet type body and direct box type bodywor

23、k. Straight hang cabinet is cabinet of body directly placed in vehicle chassis. Drag hanging box type body is only a few on-axis (l), or on the trailer to move. Now broadcast and dimensions of the body, but are strict st

24、andard practice. Straight hang cabinet body type hanging box typ</p><p>　　Car body design</p><p>　　The whole system design is compartments of the follow-up work, it relates to broadcast other sy

25、stem design. In the initial stage of design, construction, as a first consideration should choose the material, then compartments of air conditioning, consider bodywork layout and installation requirements of technical e

26、quipment, etc; put At the same time, the design details must be considered the perfect follow-up function. The car body from design to completion, need at least 4 to 5 months. Various p</p><p>　　Through the

27、comparison, FRP (GRP6 or FRP6) or aluminium surface material qualitative sheet intercalation sandwiches are high, with design, long service life, magnetic, insulation, sound insulation, etc.</p><p>　　Sandwic

28、h board, according to the different surface material, is divided into: steel surface materials and aluminum/GRP surface materials. When the materials of large area, steel surface material can produce vertical crease, and

29、 aluminum/GRP surface materials (not crease) consecutive. In addition, the surface of aluminum excellent in reason, including anodized, apparent into processing, coating and electroplating, therefore, to broadcast, choos

30、e aluminium surface or surface suitable materials.</p><p>　　For frame materials (stainless steel and aluminium), we fully consider the various factors. Stainless steel welding joint with high mechanical stre

31、ngth, rigidity and fatigue resistance, can satisfy the demand for hull integrity structure. Among the austenitic stainless steel, with excellent energy absorption ability, considering safety construction, it is elected.

32、In the vehicle weight after comparison, choose steel material than aluminum material slightly heavier 10%. Through comparing, aluminu</p><p>　　The design and processing of carriage</p><p>　　When

33、 a detailed schedule chart, after the completion of the body frame can from inside to outside began to build. From the bodywork design to completion probably need 4-5 months, then consider all equipment purchase, If the

34、plan is completed in body, thoughtful, you can install equipment. At the beginning of the process, frame first is fixed on the car chassis rack. For special car body, chassis rack and body between the special elastic adh

35、esive filling, can guarantee the bodywork multiple compo</p><p>　　Bodywork layout design</p><p>　　The number of hull layout including partition door, the work area, etc. According to the practic

36、e of the body, broadcastIs divided into three separate areas: director area, centralization, audio area. With the setting TV production, more standardized, scientific and set each region also distribution and the corresp

37、onding locations.</p><p>　　電視轉(zhuǎn)播車車體的設(shè)計要求</p><p><b>　　車體設(shè)計介紹</b></p><p>　　安裝轉(zhuǎn)播車是一項綜合性的系統(tǒng)工程，車體是這個復雜系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。在整個轉(zhuǎn)播車中，車體部分承載了所有轉(zhuǎn)播錄制所需要的視頻、音頻及周邊設(shè)備，提供了室外工作的場所。不僅如此，車體還必須保障設(shè)備的安

38、全運行和順利轉(zhuǎn)運;其設(shè)計的好壞，不僅直接影響節(jié)目制播任務的完成，還關(guān)系到運送整個系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的安全。</p><p>　　車體設(shè)計，是在轉(zhuǎn)播車設(shè)計中最先考慮的，也是首先要做的;它的好壞直接關(guān)系到以后其他系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。</p><p>　　車體設(shè)計技術(shù)要求車體設(shè)計，應該按照轉(zhuǎn)播車的設(shè)備規(guī)模和使用目的來選擇;一般是安裝攝像機的訊道數(shù)越多，車體也就越大。按照前章所述，使用8臺攝像機的轉(zhuǎn)播車，可以考慮選

39、擇中型轉(zhuǎn)播車。鑒于電視轉(zhuǎn)播車常常面臨的惡劣外部環(huán)境，以及考慮到承載設(shè)備的嬌貴性和轉(zhuǎn)播任務的特殊性等諸多因素，轉(zhuǎn)播車車體在改裝時必須對車的底盤、車體結(jié)構(gòu)等一系列項目進行周密的全盤考慮，通過特殊設(shè)計和精心加工，才能夠滿足電視轉(zhuǎn)播的基本要求。下面給出車體設(shè)計的技術(shù)要求。</p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)播車的安全性能必須符合國家汽車行業(yè)的相關(guān)標準，車廂體加工及底盤采用國外轉(zhuǎn)播車廠加工技術(shù)，外型尺寸及有效載荷必須符合國家交通部門的

40、相關(guān)法規(guī)。車頭和底盤選型要求:國際知名品牌的高端產(chǎn)品，底盤的載重應在裝載所有設(shè)備的情況下留有20%以上的載重余量，引擎不小于200馬力，空氣懸掛設(shè)計，電子限速85KM/h，液壓控制駕駛系統(tǒng)，空調(diào)設(shè)計，配備ABS(剎車防抱死)，尾氣排放標準符合歐標準，車寬2.5米。</p><p><b>　　車廂體要求:</b></p><p>　　廂體總長10-11米，整車高不超過

41、3.8米，寬2.5米，右部有4米長的側(cè)拉箱。廂體使用年限十五年以上，車廂體框架由鋁合金夾層結(jié)構(gòu)組成，有較高的強度和絕緣性;所用材料要求是符合國際標準的環(huán)保、阻燃材料。整車要求密封，防塵、防水、防銹、防腐蝕，防電磁干擾、防靜電;集成后必須對廂體進行淋雨實驗(包括側(cè)拉箱展開后)，滿荷時進行靜態(tài)側(cè)傾斜實驗，防高壓沖擊實驗。外表面采用環(huán)保型高強度耐用產(chǎn)品油漆，整個噴漆過程在烤漆房進行。車體加工后，要求車輛有合適的離去角、最后端離地高、行駛中最小

42、離地間距、整車最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑等基本技術(shù)參數(shù)。</p><p>　　車體布局設(shè)計要求:空間布局合理，并充分考慮攝像機、鏡頭、耳機、三腳架、備用線纜、話筒、工具等設(shè)備器材及其附件的存放空間。對于非車內(nèi)固定設(shè)備應當考慮合適的攜帶方案。</p><p>　　在國家車輛標準范圍內(nèi)，空間盡可能的寬敞，車廂體內(nèi)部凈高最大化，非側(cè)拉部分內(nèi)部凈高2.2米，側(cè)拉廂部分內(nèi)部凈高妻2.0米，車廂體外高成4米。<

43、;/p><p>　　按照節(jié)目制作的不同工種劃分工作區(qū)，科學合理的利用空間。各工作區(qū)之間應當</p><p>　　有隔斷，并有通行門，音頻區(qū)的裝飾符合廣播聲學要求。</p><p><b>　　車頭和底盤選型</b></p><p>　　一般來說，車頭和底盤一般是連在一起選購的，首先要計算整個轉(zhuǎn)播車的載重量，然后加上自重，計算

44、出其最大總質(zhì)量;選擇總承重略大于計算值的型號叫。</p><p>　　以此設(shè)計計算為例(以下數(shù)據(jù)為半湘各估算值):</p><p>　　車總重二電子設(shè)備標稱總重(1噸)+內(nèi)部電纜和連接頭總重 (0.3噸)十外部</p><p>　　電纜及電纜盤總重 (0.5噸)+空調(diào)設(shè)備和電源總重(l噸)+含側(cè)拉廂后車廂體總重(5噸)+車底盤總重(5.5噸)=13.8噸;最大裝載質(zhì)

45、量17.25噸。</p><p>　　另外，要考慮任務目的地道路通行狀況和當?shù)氐牡乩憝h(huán)境;對于多山地或者道路條件較差的環(huán)境，應選擇輸出功率較大的引擎和擁有較大接近角和離去角竺的底盤(在車體改裝后，這部分參數(shù)會變化);為了保護承載的精密設(shè)備，應選擇帶有空氣懸掛設(shè)計的底盤(增加空氣懸掛系統(tǒng)，能有效地增加汽車行運中的穩(wěn)定性和在必要時增加汽車的最小離地間隙右、加大汽車的離去角。通過計算比較，對車頭和底盤的選型為:德國MA

46、NLE18.280車頭和底盤，最大裝載質(zhì)量18噸，最高輸出功率280馬力，電子行最高車速85k:/h，尾氣排放標準達到要求，底盤為雙軸制動，后橋有空氣懸掛系統(tǒng)(調(diào)整范圍到80mm-14Omm)，接近角(18.5°)，離去角(6.5°)，有液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，有ABS系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　車體類型及廂體設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　車

47、體類型選擇依據(jù)技術(shù)要求，此轉(zhuǎn)播車按照中型車體選擇建造。目前，供我們選擇的車體有兩種類型:拖掛箱體式車體和直掛箱體式車體。直掛箱體式車體是箱體直接被安置在車輛底盤上。拖掛箱體式車體是僅有后軸(l個或幾個)的，靠拖車頭來移動?，F(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)播車車體尺寸并沒有嚴格的標準，但有慣例。直掛箱體式車體要比拖掛箱體式車體的尺寸小，這是因為車體尺寸由連在一起的運輸工具決定，國家對這樣的車體長度有一定的限定。一般來說，它采用的車體從8米到10米之間，車總長達到1

48、0- 12米。拖掛箱體式車體采用的是13.6米的標準車體，但長度由于設(shè)計的需求可能或多或少。例如，有做到長度達到18米以上的車體?？紤]到道路通過性，高度是有標準限制的，一般不能超過4米，通常的高度為3.7- 3.9米，寬度總是2.5米。由于本市和周邊城市的部分道路比較狹窄，許多場地周圍空間狹小，并且大門較低，轉(zhuǎn)播車要想到達現(xiàn)場較近的地區(qū)工作，車型受到了限制。另外，設(shè)需求的訊道數(shù)適中，考慮到這些因素，因此選擇了帶側(cè)拉廂的直掛箱體式車體。直

49、掛箱體式車體采用側(cè)拉廂技術(shù)，可以擴大工作空間面積，減小車體的長度和高度，使整車有較小的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑，和較好的道路通過性，增</p><p><b>　　車廂體設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　廂體設(shè)計是整個系統(tǒng)后續(xù)工作的基礎(chǔ)，它關(guān)系到轉(zhuǎn)播車其它系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。在廂體設(shè)計的最初階段，要首先考慮選擇構(gòu)造廂體的材料，然后考慮車體布局、空調(diào)的需求和安裝、技術(shù)設(shè)備的擺放等等;同時在設(shè)計

50、的細節(jié)上，必須考慮后續(xù)功能的完善。整個車廂體從設(shè)計到完工，至少需要4到5個月。各種工序都是有一定的順序，因此，在設(shè)計時要有系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃和管理。車布局圖。車廂體的選材早期，轉(zhuǎn)播車車廂體使用了大量的硬木作為它們的框架，這跟那個時期多數(shù)商用車體設(shè)計一致;60年代開始轉(zhuǎn)向鋁骨架、鋁蒙皮的專用車設(shè)計方向。4轉(zhuǎn)半徑:汽車轉(zhuǎn)向時，汽車外側(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向輪的中心、下面在車輛支承平面，軌跡圓半徑。轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)到極限位置時的轉(zhuǎn)夯半徑為最小轉(zhuǎn)夸半徑。現(xiàn)在，有了更好的玻璃鋼材

51、料和更穩(wěn)定的鋁表面(鋁一鉻酸鹽處理)三明治夾層板材結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn);因此，大多采用這些新型材料和結(jié)構(gòu)去構(gòu)建整個車體，常規(guī)材料只是補充用作內(nèi)部儲物柜、出入口和其他附屬區(qū)域。</p><p>　　通過比較，玻璃鋼(GRP6或FRP6)或鋁表面材料的三明治夾層板材有輕質(zhì)高強、具有可設(shè)計性、使用壽命長、抗磁、絕緣、隔音等等多種優(yōu)點。</p><p>　　三明治板材，根據(jù)表層材料的不同，又分為:鋼表層材料

52、和鋁/GRP表層材料。當材料面積做的過大后，鋼表層材料會產(chǎn)生垂直折痕，而鋁/GRP表層材料連續(xù)(沒有折痕)。此外，鋁具有優(yōu)良之表面處理性，包括陽極處理、表面化成處理、涂覆及電鍍等，因此，對于轉(zhuǎn)播車來說，選擇鋁表層或表層材料較為合適。</p><p>　　對于框架材料(不銹鋼和鋁)的選擇，我們充分考慮了多方因素。不銹鋼焊接的接頭具有很高的機械強度、剛性和抗疲勞性，能滿足對于車體整體性結(jié)構(gòu)的需求。其中奧氏體不銹鋼日具

53、有優(yōu)秀能量吸收能力，考慮到安全構(gòu)造，它是當選的材料。在整車成型后重量比較上，選用鋼材料比鋁材料略微重10%。通過綜合比對，車體板材選型為:鋁表層的三明治夾層板材和金屬混合結(jié)構(gòu)的車體。該車體采用奧氏體不銹鋼型材做車身骨架結(jié)構(gòu)(采用不銹鋼材是因為不銹鋼材比鋁合金容易焊接)，用鋁表層的三明治夾層板材做車體板。對于車體窗戶和門，選擇GRP表層的三明治夾層板材。廂體側(cè)面三明治夾層板材總厚50mm，廂體頂部三明治夾層板材總厚55mm，整個廂體的加固

54、部分及儲物箱采用一定厚度的不銹鋼。這種新設(shè)計的車體結(jié)構(gòu)充分發(fā)揮了兩種材料的長處，使新車體比目前國內(nèi)其它車體，具有更多的優(yōu)點車體的重量比傳統(tǒng)的車體減輕40%;鋁/GRP材料三明治夾層板材的隔音特性，使車廂內(nèi)非常安靜;車體由于是框架結(jié)構(gòu)，可隨意布置分區(qū);車廂體采用的三明治板材含有特殊的自維持三明治超級結(jié)構(gòu)，強度高，結(jié)構(gòu)具有很好的抗沖擊和支持能力，保證了車體結(jié)構(gòu)的長期穩(wěn)定性，可減少維護費用。另外，車體</p><p>

55、<b>　　車廂體的加工和設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　當詳細的一程圖完成后，車體的框架就可以從里至外開始建造了。從車體設(shè)計至完工大概需要4至5個月，這時要考慮所有設(shè)備的購買;如果計劃考慮周全，在車體完工時，便可安裝設(shè)備了。加工的初期，車骨架首先被固定在車底盤的鋼架土。對于特種車車體來說，底盤的鋼架和車體之間采用特殊的彈性粘合劑填充，可以保證車體的多種部件長久地保持在他們相對固定的位置上

56、，延長車體的壽命。廂體時，工程師將大塊三明治板材按設(shè)計要求(門、窗和維修平臺等)，計算后，切挖出不用的部分，然后固定全車底盤上。對于不同區(qū)域的板材之間，我們采用型材扣接加高強度彈性膠粘接的特殊方法連接，最小程度減少螺釘緊固連接和焊接的使用，所用五金件均為不銹鋼制。另外，在需要焊接的地方，選用較好的焊接材料電鍍。對車頂和地板，也采用相似的板材及加工方法;但在這些下區(qū)域之內(nèi)的地板和大花板內(nèi)，必需設(shè)計月矛擊的空調(diào)進氣價、排氣管和電纜輸送管等。

57、由十空調(diào)進氣11足通過工作區(qū)域的多孔天花板來完成后，因此必需在保溫頂層下設(shè)計了適當?shù)妮斔凸?對于下面的多孔金屬板，應選擇鋁材料，并目.加裝了防冷凝物的空氣過濾層。為了避免空氣動蕩而產(chǎn)生在輸送管之內(nèi)的噪聲，設(shè)計了多條這樣的輸送管</p><p><b>　　車體布局設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　車體布局包括分區(qū)的數(shù)目、工作區(qū)域、門等等。按照慣例，轉(zhuǎn)播車的車體<