汽車專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--汽車氧傳感器的常見故障及檢查

1、<p><b>　　附錄：英漢對照</b></p><p>　　Automotive oxygen sensor failure and</p><p>　　inspection of the common</p><p>　　The automotive industry is currently in the internatio

2、nal application of the sensor on one of the largest markets, and the oxygen sensor reported the number of patents, ranking the first in automotive sensors. Oxygen sensor installed in the vehicle exhaust pipe, use it to d

3、etect the oxygen content in exhaust port. Oxygen sensor and thus can be obtained in accordance with the signal, put it back to the control system to fine-tune the fuel injection, so that A / F control at best, not only g

4、reatly</p><p>　　First, zirconia oxygen sensor structure </p><p>　　In the use of three-way catalytic converters to reduce exhaust pollution on the engine, oxygen sensors are essential components.

5、 Oxygen sensor is located in the first section of the exhaust pipe, catalytic converter at the front. There is a Oxygen Sensor zirconia (a ceramic) components manufacturers, all of its outside has a layer of thin-plated

6、platinum. Zirconia ceramic plated body at one end with a thin layer of platinum closed. Into the protection of the latter was set, and installed in a me</p><p>　　This component has a very high temperature re

7、sistance, low temperature so do not allow current through. However, when high temperature, because of the air and exhaust gas oxygen concentration difference, oxygen ions can, through this component. This raises the pote

8、ntial difference, platinum to enlarge. In this way, air-fuel ratio lower than the theoretical air-fuel ratio (thick), the components in the oxygen sensor in (air) outside (the atmosphere) between the oxygen concentration

9、 has a greater </p><p>　　Because once the mixture of air-fuel ratio deviation from the theoretical air-fuel ratio, ternary catalysts for CO, HC and NOX purification capacity will be a sharp decline, it is in

10、stalled at the exhaust pipe oxygen sensor for detecting oxygen concentration in the exhaust, and ECU the issue of feedback signal, and then by the ECU to control fuel injection amount of injector change, which will contr

11、ol the mixture at the air-fuel ratio near the theoretical value.</p><p>　　Two, automotive oxygen sensor working principle</p><p>　　Oxygen sensor installed in the exhaust manifold, it can detect

12、the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust, air-fuel ratio calculated, and the results sent to the ECU.</p><p>　　For example:</p><p>　　1, exhaust gas oxygen concentration in the high –</p>

13、<p>　　When emissions are significant when the percentage of oxygen, ECU will accordingly determine the air-fuel ratio, and that is very dilute mixture. </p><p>　　2, exhaust gas oxygen concentration in

14、 the low –</p><p>　　When the percentage of oxygen in the exhaust very, ECU to determine air-fuel ratio will accordingly small, that is very strong mixture. Temperature higher than 300 ℃, the ceramic material

15、s used for the iron conductor. Under these conditions, if the percentage of oxygen sensors on both sides of the different content will have a voltage change at both ends. Two types of environment (air-side and exhaust si

16、de) of the different measurements of the oxygen content of these changes tell ECU, exhaust at</p><p>　　In the three-way catalytic purifier Medium, ECU using data from the oxygen sensor to regulate the air-fu

17、el ratio, but the method of standard Carburetor EFI device somewhat different.</p><p>　　At EFI device, EFI's ECU fuel injection through the increase or decrease from the injected fuel volume, adjusting a

18、ir-fuel ratio. If the ECU from the oxygen sensor detects the mixture too thick, it will gradually reduce the amount of fuel injection, the mixture of on-thinning. Therefore the actual air-fuel ratio becomes greater than

19、the theoretical air-fuel ratio (more dilute). When this happens, ECU through the oxygen sensor to detect the truth, it will start a gradual increase in the volume of</p><p>　　Carburetor in the use of the dev

20、ice, are entered by regulating air intake air-fuel ratio of air-conditioning. Mixture theory is usually air-fuel ratio to maintain a little thick. ECU within the air-fuel ratio oxygen sensor has been the information, and

21、 manipulation, according to the actual air-fuel ratio EBCU (electronically controlled intake valve) regulator into the carburetor air intake volume. If mixture is too strong, it allows more air to enter to-thinning: If m

22、ixture is too thin, it allow</p><p>　　Third, the common automotive oxygen sensor fault</p><p>　　Once the oxygen sensor fails, the electronic fuel injection system will enable the computer should

23、 not be the oxygen concentration in the exhaust pipe of the information, and therefore should not be on the air-fuel ratio feedback control, the engine will increase fuel consumption and exhaust pollution, engine idle sp

24、eed instability, lack of fire, such as fault-surge situation. Therefore, it is necessary to troubleshoot in a timely manner or replaced. </p><p>　　1, oxygen sensor poisoning</p><p>　　Oxygen sens

25、or poisoning and are often more difficult to control emerging as a fault, in particular, are often the use of leaded petrol cars, even the new oxygen sensor, and can only be the work of thousands of kilometers. If only m

26、inor lead poisoning, and then use a box of unleaded petrol, will be able to eliminate the surface of oxygen sensor lead to the resumption of normal work. But often because of excessive exhaust temperature, which lead int

27、rusion in their internal and impede the spread of</p><p>　　In addition, the oxygen sensor silicon poisoning happened is common. In general, gasoline and lubricants containing silicon compounds generated by c

28、ombustion silica, silicon rubber seal gasket improper use of silicone emitting gas, will cause the oxygen sensor failure, and therefore want to use good quality fuel and lubricants . Right to choose the repair and instal

29、lation of rubber gaskets, coated on the sensor not to require the use of factory and other than the anti-solvent, etc. </p><p>　　2, carbon deposition</p><p>　　Not because of engine combustion, i

30、n the carbon deposition formed on the surface of oxygen sensor, oxygen sensor or the internal into the sediment, such as oil or dust will impede or block the external air into the oxygen sensor internal to oxygen sensor

31、signal output inaccurate, ECU should not timely correct air-fuel ratio. Soot produced, mainly for increased fuel consumption, emission levels were significantly increased. At this point, if the sediment removal will rest

32、ore normal working.</p><p>　　3, oxygen sensor ceramic fragments</p><p>　　Ceramic oxygen sensor hardware and crisp, with a hard object by knocking or washing with a strong air currents blowing al

33、l its fragmentation and possible failure. Therefore, be particularly careful when handling and found that the timely replacement of problem. </p><p>　　4, heater resistance wire blown</p><p>　　Th

34、e heating-type oxygen sensor, if the resistance heater wire ablation, it is difficult to make sensors to reach normal operating temperature and the loss of role. </p><p>　　5, oxygen sensor breaking off the i

35、nternal circuits.</p><p>　　Four, automotive oxygen sensor method</p><p>　　1, oxygen sensor heater resistance check</p><p>　　Unplug the oxygen sensor wiring harness plug, use a multi

36、meter resistance measurement file in the oxygen sensor heater terminal access-chu-chu with Ground between access resistance and its resistance to 4-40Ω (refer to specific model specification). Such as not meeting the sta

37、ndard, should be the replacement of oxygen sensor.</p><p>　　2, oxygen sensor voltage feedback measurement </p><p>　　Measurement of oxygen sensor feedback voltage should unplug the oxygen sensor

38、wiring harness plug, the control circuit models, the feedback from the oxygen sensor voltage output terminal on a thin wire leads, and then plug harness plugs well, in the engine operation , measured from the pinout on t

39、he feedback voltage (some models can also be inner socket fault detection by a voltage of oxygen sensor feedback, such as the production of Toyota cars can be a series of fault detection from the socket</p><p&

40、gt;　?、?light gray top: This is the normal color of the oxygen sensor;  ② white top: pollution from silicon, oxygen sensor must be replaced at this time;  ③ brown top: pollution by lead, if serious, we must repl

41、ace the oxygen sensor;  ④ black top: caused by carbon deposition, carbon deposition in the exclusion of engine failure, the general oxygen sensor can automatically clear up the accumulated carbon.  Conclusion:

42、for energy conservation and the prevention of pollution from motor vehicles, most dev</p><p>　　汽車氧傳感器的常見故障及檢查</p><p>　　汽車行業(yè)是目前在國際上應(yīng)用傳感器最大的市場之一,而氧傳感器申報(bào)的專利數(shù),居汽車傳感器的首位。氧傳感器裝在汽車排氣管道內(nèi)，用它來檢測廢氣口的氧含量。因而

43、可根據(jù)氧傳感器所得到的信號(hào)，把它反饋到控制系統(tǒng)，來微調(diào)燃料的噴射量，使A/F控制在最佳狀態(tài)，既大大地降低了排污量，又節(jié)省了能源。 目前，實(shí)際應(yīng)用的氧傳感器有氧化鋯式氧傳感器和氧化鈦式氧傳感器兩種。而常見的氧傳感器又有單引線、雙引線和三根引線之分，；單引線的為氧化鋯式氧傳感器；雙引線的為氧化鈦式氧傳感器；三根引線的為加熱型氧化鋯式氧傳感器，原則上三種引線方式的氧傳感器是不能替代使用的。其中應(yīng)用最多的是氧化鋯式氧傳感器。</p>

44、<p>　　一、氧化鋯式氧傳感器的構(gòu)造</p><p>　　在使用三元催化轉(zhuǎn)換器以減少排氣污染的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，氧傳感器是必不可少的元件。氧傳感器位于排氣管的第一節(jié)，在催化轉(zhuǎn)化器的前面。氧傳感器有個(gè)二氧化鋯（一種陶瓷）制造的元件，其里外都鍍有一層很薄的白金。陶瓷化鋯體在一端用鍍薄鉑層來封閉。后者被插到保護(hù)套中，并安裝在一個(gè)金屬體內(nèi)。保護(hù)套起到進(jìn)一步保護(hù)作用并使傳感器得以安裝到排氣歧管上。陶瓷體外部暴露在排

45、氣中，而內(nèi)部與環(huán)境大氣相通。</p><p>　　這個(gè)元件低溫時(shí)有很高的電阻，所以溫度低時(shí)不允許電流通過。但高溫時(shí)，由于空氣中和廢氣中氧的濃度差異，氧離子卻能通過這個(gè)元件。這就產(chǎn)生了電位差，白金將其放大。這樣，空燃比低于 理論 空燃比（較濃）時(shí)，在氧傳感器元件內(nèi)（廢氣）外（大氣）之間有較大的氧氣濃度差。于是，傳感器產(chǎn)生一相對較強(qiáng)的電壓（約翰遜伏）。另一方面，如果混合氣稀，大氣和廢氣之間氧濃度差很小，傳感器也就只產(chǎn)

46、生一相對較弱的電壓（接近0伏）。</p><p>　　由于混合氣的空燃比一旦偏離理論空燃比，三元催化劑對CO、HC和NOX的凈化能力將急劇下降，故在排氣管中安裝氧傳感器，用以檢測排氣中氧的濃度，并向ECU發(fā)出反饋信號(hào)，再由ECU控制噴油器噴油量的增減，從而將混合氣的空燃比控制在理論值附近。</p><p>　　二、汽車氧傳感器的工作原理</p><p>　　氧傳感器

47、安裝在排氣歧管上，它可以檢測廢氣中的氧氣濃度，據(jù)此 計(jì)算 空燃比，并將結(jié)果傳送到ECU。 例如：</p><p>　　1、廢氣中氧氣濃度高</p><p>　　當(dāng)廢氣中氧氣的百分比很大時(shí)，ECU將據(jù)此判定空燃比大，即混合氣很稀。</p><p>　　2、廢氣中氧氣濃度低</p><p>　　當(dāng)廢氣中氧氣的百分比很小時(shí)，ECU將據(jù)此判定空燃比小

48、，即混合氣很濃。溫度高于300℃時(shí)，所采用的陶瓷材料，用作氧化鐵的導(dǎo)體。在此條件下，如果傳感器兩側(cè)氧的百分比含量不同，就會(huì)在兩端產(chǎn)生電壓變化 。兩種環(huán)境（空氣側(cè)和排氣側(cè)）中不同含氧量的測量值的這種變化告訴ECU，在排氣中剩余的氧含量，對保證燃燒有害廢氣生成是不合適的百分比。陶瓷材料在低于300℃溫度時(shí)是非線性的，因而傳感器不輸送有用信號(hào)。ECU有一個(gè)特殊功能，即在曖機(jī)時(shí)（開環(huán)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）停止對混合氣的調(diào)整。傳感器裝有加熱元件以盡快達(dá)到工作溫度

49、。當(dāng)電流流過加熱元件時(shí)，它縮短了使陶瓷成為鐵的導(dǎo)體的時(shí)間，而且使得傳感器可以裝在排氣管較后的部位。</p><p>　　在三元催化凈化器中，ECU利用來自氧傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，調(diào)節(jié)空燃比，但其 方法 EFI裝置各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化油器多少有些不同。</p><p>　　在EFI裝置中，EFI的ECU通過增減從噴油噴入氣缸的燃油量，調(diào)節(jié)空燃比。如果ECU從氧傳感器檢測到混合氣太濃，就會(huì)逐漸減少燃油噴射量，于是

50、混合氣就變稀了。實(shí)際空燃比因此變得比理論空燃比大些（稀些）。發(fā)生這種情況時(shí)，ECU通過氧傳感器測出這個(gè)事實(shí)，就會(huì)開始逐漸增加噴射量。這樣，空燃比就會(huì)孌得低些（濃些）直到低于理論空燃比。于是，這樣循環(huán)反復(fù)，ECU主濁以這種方式，不斷地增減空燃比，使實(shí)際空燃比接近理論空燃比。</p><p>　　在使用化油器的裝置中，是用調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入進(jìn)氣口的空氣量調(diào)節(jié)空燃比。混合氣通常保持略濃理論空燃比。ECU內(nèi)氧傳感器不斷得到空燃比的

51、信息，并要據(jù)實(shí)際空燃比操縱EBCU（電控進(jìn)氣閥）調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入化油器進(jìn)氣口的空氣量。如果混合氣太濃，就允許較多空氣進(jìn)入，使其變?。喝绻旌蠚馓?，就允許較少空氣進(jìn)入，使其變濃些。</p><p>　　三、汽車氧傳感器的常見故障</p><p>　　氧傳感器一旦出現(xiàn)故障，將使 電子 燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的電腦不能得到排氣管中氧濃度的信息，因而不能對空燃比進(jìn)行反饋控制，會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油耗和排氣污染增加，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出

52、現(xiàn)怠速不穩(wěn)、缺火、喘振等故障現(xiàn)象。因此，必須及時(shí)地排除故障或更換。 </p><p><b>　　1、氧傳感器中毒</b></p><p>　　氧傳感器中毒是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的且較難防治的一種故障，尤其是經(jīng)常使用含鉛汽油的汽車，即使是新的氧傳感器，也只能工作幾千公里。如果只是輕微的鉛中毒，接著使用一箱不含鉛的汽油，就能消除氧傳感器表面的鉛，使其恢復(fù)正常工作。但往往由于過高的排

53、氣溫度，而使鉛侵入其內(nèi)部，阻礙了氧離子的擴(kuò)散，使氧傳感器失效，這時(shí)就只能更換了。 </p><p>　　另外，氧傳感器發(fā)生硅中毒也是常有的事。一般來說，汽油和潤滑油中含有的硅化合物燃燒后生成的二氧化硅，硅橡膠密封墊圈使用不當(dāng)散發(fā)出的有機(jī)硅氣體，都會(huì)使氧傳感器失效，因而要使用質(zhì)量好的燃油和潤滑油。修理時(shí)要正確選用和安裝橡膠墊圈，不要在傳感器上涂敷制造廠規(guī)定使用以外的溶劑和防粘劑等</p><p&

54、gt;<b>　　2、積碳 </b></p><p>　　由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒不好，在氧傳感器表面形成積碳，或氧傳感器內(nèi)部進(jìn)入了油污或塵埃等沉積物，會(huì)阻礙或阻塞外部空氣進(jìn)入氧傳感器內(nèi)部，使氧傳感器輸出的信號(hào)失準(zhǔn)，ECU不能及時(shí)地修正空燃比。 產(chǎn)生積碳，主要表現(xiàn)為油耗上升，排放濃度明顯增加。此時(shí)，若將沉積物清除，就會(huì)恢復(fù)正常工作。 </p><p>　　3、氧傳感器陶瓷碎裂

55、</p><p>　　氧傳感器的陶瓷硬而脆，用硬物敲擊或用強(qiáng)烈氣流吹洗，都可能使其碎裂而失效。因此，處理時(shí)要特別小心，發(fā)現(xiàn) 問題 及時(shí)更換。 </p><p>　　4、加熱器電阻絲燒斷 </p><p>　　對于加熱型氧傳感器，如果加熱器電阻絲燒蝕，就很難使傳感器達(dá)到正常的工作溫度而失去作用。</p><p>　　5、氧傳感器內(nèi)部線路斷脫。&

56、lt;/p><p>　　四、汽車氧氣傳感器的檢查 方法 </p><p>　　1、氧傳感器加熱器電阻的檢查 </p><p>　　拔下氧傳感器線束插頭，用萬用表電阻檔測量氧傳感器接線端中加熱器接柱與搭鐵接柱之間的電阻，其阻值為4-40Ω( 參考 具體車型說明書)。如不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)更換氧傳感器。 </p><p>　　2、氧傳感器反饋電壓的測量 &

57、lt;/p><p>　　測量氧傳感器的反饋電壓時(shí)，應(yīng)拔下氧傳感器的線束插頭，對照車型的電路圖，從氧傳感器的反饋電壓輸出接線柱上引出一條細(xì)導(dǎo)線，然后插好線束插頭，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中，從引出線上測出反饋電壓(有些車型也可以由故障檢測插座內(nèi)測得氧傳感器的反饋電壓，如豐田汽車公司生產(chǎn)的系列轎車都可以從故障檢測插座內(nèi)的OX1或OX2端子內(nèi)直接測得氧傳感器的反饋電壓)。</p><p>　　對氧傳感器的反饋電

58、壓進(jìn)行檢測時(shí)，最好使用具有低量程(通常為2V)和高阻抗(內(nèi)阻大于10MΩ)的指針型萬用表。具體的檢測方法如下： </p><p>　　1)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱車至正常工作溫度(或起動(dòng)后以2500r/min的轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)2min)；</p><p>　　2)將萬用表電壓檔的負(fù)表筆接故障檢測插座內(nèi)的E1或蓄電池負(fù)極，正表筆接故障檢測插座內(nèi)的OX1或OX2插孔，或接氧傳感器線束插頭上的號(hào)|出線； </p

59、><p>　　3)讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以2500r/min左右的轉(zhuǎn)速保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)檢查電壓表指針能否在0-1V之間來回?cái)[動(dòng)，記下10s內(nèi)電壓表指針擺動(dòng)的次數(shù)。在正常情況下，隨著反饋控制的進(jìn)行，氧傳感器的反饋電壓將在0.45V上下不斷變化，10s內(nèi)反饋電壓的變化次數(shù)應(yīng)不少于8次。如果少于8次，則說明氧傳感器或反饋控制系統(tǒng)工作不正常，其原因可能是氧傳感器表面有積碳，使靈敏度降低所致。對此，應(yīng)讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以2500r/min的轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)約2

60、min，以清除氧傳感器表面的積碳，然后再檢查反饋電壓。如果在清除積碳可后電壓表指針變化依舊緩慢，則說明氧傳感器損壞，或電腦反饋控制電路有故障。</p><p>　　4）檢查氧傳感器有無損壞</p><p>　　拔下氧傳感器的線束插頭，使氧傳感器不再與電腦連接，反饋控制系統(tǒng)處于開環(huán)控制狀態(tài)。將萬用表電壓檔的正表筆直接與氧傳感器反饋電壓輸出接線柱連接，負(fù)表筆良好搭鐵。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中測量反饋電壓

61、，先脫開接在進(jìn)氣管上的曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)管或其他真空軟管，人為地形成稀混合氣，同時(shí)觀看電壓表，其指針讀數(shù)應(yīng)下降。然后接上脫開的管路，再拔下水溫傳感器接頭，用一個(gè)4-8KΩ的電阻代替水溫傳感器，人為地形成濃混合氣，同時(shí)觀看電壓表，其指針讀數(shù)應(yīng)上升。也可以用突然踩下或松開加速踏板的方法來改變混合氣的濃度，在突然踩下加速踏板時(shí)，混合氣變濃，反饋電壓應(yīng)上升；突然松開加速踏板時(shí)，混合氣變稀，反饋電壓應(yīng)下降。如果氧傳感器的反饋電壓無上述變化，表明氧傳感

62、器已損壞。 </p><p>　　另外，氧化鈦式氧傳感器在采用上述方法檢測時(shí)，若是良好的氧傳感器，輸出端的電壓應(yīng)以2.5V為中心上下波動(dòng)。否則可拆下傳感器并暴露在空氣中，冷卻后測量其電阻值。若電阻值很大，說明傳感器是好的，否則應(yīng)更換傳感器。 </p><p>　　5)氧傳感器外觀顏色的檢查 </p><p>　　從排氣管上拆下氧傳感器，檢查傳感器外殼上的通氣孔有無堵

63、塞，陶瓷芯有無破損。如有破損，則應(yīng)更換氧傳感器。 </p><p>　　通過觀察氧傳感器頂尖部位的顏色也可以判斷故障： </p><p>　?、俚疑敿猓哼@是氧傳感器的正常顏色； </p><p>　?、诎咨敿猓河晒栉廴驹斐傻?，此時(shí)必須更換氧傳感器； </p><p>　?、圩厣敿猓河摄U污染造成的，如果嚴(yán)重，也必須更換氧傳感器； <