外文翻譯---從移動(dòng)新聞客戶端看新媒體的發(fā)展和前景

1、<p>　　中文3024字，1900單詞</p><p>　　出處：Park Y H, Choi H S. A Trend and Prospect of News Media through Mobile News Application[J]. International Journal of Multimedia & Ubiquitous Engineering, 2015, 10(7):

2、11-22.</p><p>　　A Trend and Prospect of News Media through Mobile News Application</p><p>　　Yeol-han Park and Hee-soo Choi</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　

3、　With the advent of the smart media era, mobile news applications have started to gain attention as a new method of news consumption. Although initial mobile news was nothing but a mobile version of old media outlets,

4、SNS has attracted attention in recent years as a news delivery medium thanks to the massive spread of smart devices and the diffusion of SNS.</p><p>　　SNS news service, a horizontal network of journalism dri

5、ven by prosumers, was able to secure an overwhelming advantage in the speed race. However, this type of news release</p><p>　　based on the premise of public consensus may cause errors in judgment in the proc

6、ess of</p><p>　　news consumption due to things such as herd mentality, etc.. SNS news services such as ‘Yolk News’ launched recently in an attempt to build a device that can guarantee</p>

7、<p>　　reliability, and are expected to develop into a form in the future where consumers can make judgments independently by putting various pieces of news together from different angles. Old media will take time t

8、o screen the news for their platform, but they are</p><p>　　excellent in service quality and objectivity since they are produced by professional groups pursuing journalism. However, they are also subject to

9、the risk of false reporting and loss of confidence triggered by the speed competition and are now losing ground as SNS news</p><p>　　services have recently gained confidence beyond expectation. This suggests

10、 that the old media should give up the speed competition with SNS news services and need to evolve in a direction to secure objectivity and reliability of the news while maintaining a suitable</p><p>　　level

11、 of news delivery speed. In recent years, there has appeared a new form of news purely focusing on the value of the news, destroying both the speed and the objectivity of the news. Applications such as New Square are att

12、racting attention as a new form of</p><p>　　news-on-demand by providing news in a storytelling manner, allowing readers to be able to identify the sequence and context of events at a glance.</p><p

13、>　　As described above, SNS news services have a structural limitation in that the quality</p><p>　　and the objectivity cannot be guaranteed because non-professional individuals become the first news provi

14、ders, while old media have already proven that they cannot keep up with the SNS news services in terms of speed. Therefore, in the smart media era, SNS news services, old media, and news-on-demand will compete and grow b

15、y satisfying the speed, objectivity, and consumer value, and the news media ecosystem is likely to change rapidly as these news consuming platforms change.</p><p>　　Keywords: Mobile, News Application, SNS Ne

16、ws Service, News on Demand</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　With the advent of smart media era, mobile news applications have started to gain attention as the new method of news consumption. Altho

17、ugh initial mobile news was nothing but a mobile version of old media outlets, SNS has attracted attention in recent years as a news delivery medium thanks to the massive spread of smart devices and the</p><p&

18、gt;　　diffusion of SNS. In recent years, while SNS news and old media have been occupying the mainstream of news delivery, a new type of news delivery, “news-on-demand”, has emerged. The on-demand news service does not co

19、mpete with SNS news services or old media in speed or amount of information. Instead, it provides a news service that satisfies the individual needs of consumers by limiting news consumers or news categories, or by givin

20、g a new value for the news.</p><p>　　Current mobile news applications fall into three categories. The first is a mobile version of existing old media, the second is news applications or SNS applications bas

21、ed on SNS, and the third is an on-demand news service satisfying the needs of individual consumers. Given the properties of news such as speed, accuracy, and diffusivity, it is thought that each of the news services has

22、limitations and characteristics.</p><p>　　In the SNS news service, unlike other news media, news consumers provide and spread news by themselves rather than professional editors providing the news. Therefore

23、, it is</p><p>　　characterized by the network of journalism among consumers rather than the existing</p><p>　　vertical news production system where news providers existed separately. The old med

24、ia news service has been provided through the media that has acted as a news provider even</p><p>　　before the penetration of smart devices and SNS. So, the old media news service is</p><p>　　di

25、fferent from other news services in that it spreads to a variety of platforms, including TV and newspaper, as well as the Internet and mobile environments. On-demand news</p><p>　　services, unlike SNS news a

26、nd old media news services, tend to seek a third value as well</p><p>　　as delivery. This is an enhancement of NOD (news-on-demand), providing personalized news by subdividing news consumers according to the

27、ir objectives and preferences.</p><p>　　Table 1. Characteristics of News Services in Different Forms</p><p>　　This paper was created for the purpose of predicting the future evolutionary directi

28、on of news services by analyzing the characteristics and limitations of each type of news application. To this end, I try to find ways to meet the needs of news consumers by analyzing mobile news application types curren

29、tly in service from various angles such as news providers, service types, and information value.</p><p>　　As analyzing the characteristics and limits of each type of new applications, the paper is to predict

30、 the direction of the news services in future. Moreover, it is to suggest</p><p>　　solutions to satisfy users' news consumption needs by analyzing the mobile new</p><p>　　applicat

31、ion in types from various angles: news offered, news form, information value.</p><p>　　Characteristics and Limits of SNS News Application</p><p>　　SNS news services have emerged since the spread

32、 of smart devices and SNS. SNS news services can be classified in more detail, according to news providers and news delivery methods. First, there is the news delivery function of SNS itself. SNS</p><p>　　is

33、 a multimedia medium of a single interface and SNS users form an individual - centered network where an individual is linked with other individual as a node [1]. Each individual will act as a news provider, news consumer

34、, and new medium by simply using SNS and constitute parallel network journalism as prosumers. In this case, a remarkable point to note is that the news itself is not highly reliable because non-professional individuals c

35、an become news providers and that entertainment - based s</p><p>　　Figure 1. Network Journalism of SNS News</p><p>　　Second: offering news services by using the trends in SNS. In the case of ‘Y

36、olk News’, news is exposed in descending order of citation counts by aggregating the number of times cited in Twitter. Yolk News is based on Twitter, and posts leading news most frequently mentioned on Twitter in the ran

37、king order of the day. So, this is meaningful in that Yolk News can satisfy the maximum number of preferences, even though it did not create articles by itself when considering that the demand of the publ</p><

38、p>　　A main feature and benefit of an SNS news service is its ripple effect. In the case of Facebook, once an individual clicks the ‘Like’ button, news is disseminated to all</p><p>　　users associated with

39、 the individual. SNS users try to share news by delivering news provided by media or issue makers or by adding or spreading new information or comments [2]. The main reason they are performing an overlapping role in news

40、</p><p>　　distribution process is self-expression and formation of consensus with others [3]. They share news not just to consume news, but to be aware of the news together in the SNS platform and to feel th

41、e chemistry of thinking about it. However, news</p><p>　　consumption to form this chemistry is likely to be altered in the course of distribution and propagation of news. Due to the nature of SNS platforms w

42、hich</p><p>　　have a great ripple effect, news can be re-edited and provided at the will of</p><p>　　consumers regardless of accuracy and objectivity, or it can also be expanded an

43、d propagated through groups or individuals with certain tendencies.</p><p>　　Figure 2. Realtime SNS News Service 'Wikitree' Process</p><p>　　The limitations revealed in the characteristi

44、cs of SNS news services mentioned above are as follows. First, there are the capacity limits of news. News media in a mobile environment inevitably limits text capacity due to the small screen. Thus, the number of charac

45、ters cannot be more than those of any other news applications since the environment is relatively unfavorable to deliver information, and SNS platforms do not function only as news mediums. Twitter, one of the most popu

46、lar SNS platfor</p><p>　　Second, there is a social network influencer. SNS users, as news dis tributors, perform a variety of roles, and in the case of Twitter, a representative SNS, the news</p><

47、p>　　are circulated in this order: issue maker, influencer, and propagator / diffuser. Issue makers are traditional news media, news portals, social news such as W ikitree,</p><p>　　power blogs,

48、 celebrities, and ordinary users. Issues makers perform a traditional agenda-setting role, but the whole of the agenda raised by them is not diffused. And, influential persons or influencers are issue makers with a lot o

49、f retweets, not just</p><p>　　those who have a large-scale network of followers or friends, but who engage in direct participation and social interaction, including tweets, mentions, etc. These influencers

50、perform very important roles in SNS news propagation, and the point to</p><p>　　note is that all influencers are not professional news producers at all pursuing objective journalism. When compared with tradi

51、tional news media outlets, SNS news is often provocative, biased, or interest-driven because it is based on platforms</p><p>　　where the tendencies of individuals or groups are strongly exposed. The fact

52、that influencers of social networks are actively involved in news production as Internet celebrities may result in them not being able to guarantee objectivity or credibility</p><p>　　as news delivery media.

53、 SNS news is a platform which shows individuals or group's tendency and voice more strongly than traditional news media do, so it tends to</p><p>　　cause stimulating, interesting, and tendentious news. T

54、he social network influencers</p><p>　　are internet celebrities and participating in making news enthusiastically, and it causes objectivity and reliability issues which are essential in news media. Lastly,

55、 there is a hybridity of SNS news. One of the characteristics of SNS news is that the news is distributed without clearly classifying the fact and the truth, the news and the information, and communication and discussion

56、 whereas the traditional journalism classifies the fact and the truth.</p><p>　　從移動(dòng)新聞客戶端看新媒體的發(fā)展和前景</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　隨著智能媒體時(shí)代的到來(lái)，移動(dòng)新聞客戶端作為一種全新的新聞消費(fèi)模式，開(kāi)始受到關(guān)注。雖

57、然早期的移動(dòng)新聞僅僅是一種移動(dòng)的舊媒體輸出渠道，但是近些年來(lái)社交網(wǎng)站（SNS）的傳播與智能設(shè)備的爆炸式增長(zhǎng)使得SNS作為一種新聞傳播媒介得到了更多的關(guān)注。</p><p>　　SNS新聞服務(wù)與由產(chǎn)銷者驅(qū)動(dòng)的新聞業(yè)處于同一級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，能夠在激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲得壓倒性的優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而，這種以公眾輿論為基礎(chǔ)的新聞傳播方式可能由于從眾心理等，在新聞消費(fèi)過(guò)程中，產(chǎn)生判斷上的失誤。最近開(kāi)展了像是“Yolk News”這樣的SNS新聞服務(wù)，

58、嘗試著去建立一種能保證可靠性的設(shè)備，并且人們期待它在未來(lái)能夠發(fā)展成為一種形式：消費(fèi)者可以通過(guò)把從不同角度分析的碎片化新聞組織在一起，來(lái)獨(dú)立作出判斷。舊的媒體需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間去瀏覽平臺(tái)上的新聞，但是，舊媒體在服務(wù)質(zhì)量和目標(biāo)性方妙做得很好，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯蓪I(yè)的新聞人士生產(chǎn)的。然而，舊媒體由于和SNS新聞服務(wù)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，也面臨著錯(cuò)誤報(bào)道的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和信心的丟失，并且需要參與到保證新聞目標(biāo)性和可靠性的大趨勢(shì)中。這表明,傳統(tǒng)媒體應(yīng)該放棄與SNS新聞服務(wù)在速度

59、上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)而在新聞的客觀性和可靠性這個(gè)方向上謀求新的發(fā)展,同時(shí)保持一個(gè)合適的新聞投放速度。最近出現(xiàn)了一種新的新聞模式，僅僅關(guān)注新聞本身的價(jià)值而不考慮其速度和可靠性。而備受關(guān)注的NewSquare這類新聞APP則以講故事的形式敘述新聞，使讀者可以一眼就看出事件發(fā)生的前后順序以及來(lái)龍去脈。</p><p>　　上述，SNS新聞服務(wù)有一些結(jié)構(gòu)性的局限性：不能保證質(zhì)量和目標(biāo)性，因?yàn)榈谝粋€(gè)新聞提供者往往是非專業(yè)人士，

60、同時(shí)舊的媒體已經(jīng)證明它們跟不上SNS新聞服務(wù)的步伐。因此，在智能媒體領(lǐng)域，SNS新聞服務(wù)、舊的媒體以及需求性新聞講出進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，同時(shí)隨著改善速度、目標(biāo)性和顧客價(jià)值而不斷發(fā)展。而且，新聞媒體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能迅速發(fā)生變化因?yàn)檫@些引文消費(fèi)平臺(tái)在變化。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：移動(dòng)、新聞APP、SNS新聞服務(wù)、需求性新聞</p><p><b>　　1、引言</b></p

61、><p>　　最近幾年，雖然SNS新聞和傳統(tǒng)新聞?wù)紦?jù)了新聞傳播的主要領(lǐng)域，但是，一種新的新聞傳播方式“以需求為導(dǎo)向”出現(xiàn)了。以需求導(dǎo)向的新聞服務(wù)不在速度和信息量上和SNS新聞、傳統(tǒng)新聞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而是提供了一種不同的新聞服務(wù)：通過(guò)限制新的消費(fèi)者或是新聞種類、或是為新聞賦予新的價(jià)值來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的個(gè)性化需求。</p><p>　　最新的移動(dòng)新聞APPA分為三類。第一種是現(xiàn)存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)媒體的移動(dòng)版本，第二種是新

62、聞APP或是以SNS為基礎(chǔ)的SNS客戶端，第三種是滿足消費(fèi)者個(gè)性化需求的需求導(dǎo)向的新聞服務(wù)?？紤]到新聞速度、準(zhǔn)確性和傳播性，每種新聞服務(wù)都有局限性和獨(dú)特性。</p><p>　　和其他新聞媒體不一樣，在SNS新聞服務(wù)中，新聞消費(fèi)者通過(guò)自己提供和傳播新聞，而不是專業(yè)的編輯。因此，它以新聞網(wǎng)絡(luò)為特點(diǎn)，而不是新聞提供者獨(dú)立存在的、現(xiàn)存的直線式的新聞生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。傳統(tǒng)媒體服務(wù)通過(guò)一種在智能服務(wù)和SNS出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)是提供者的

63、媒體進(jìn)行新聞傳播。所以，傳統(tǒng)新聞媒體和其他媒體不同的地方在于，它傳播到各種平臺(tái)，包括電視、報(bào)紙以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)和移動(dòng)環(huán)境。和SNS新聞、傳統(tǒng)媒體不同，需求導(dǎo)向的新聞服務(wù)傾向于尋找第三種傳播價(jià)值。這是一種NOD的放大：根據(jù)目標(biāo)和喜好，把消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行分類，然后提供個(gè)性化的新聞。</p><p>　　表1：不同形式新聞服務(wù)的特點(diǎn)</p><p>　　本文的目的是預(yù)測(cè)新聞服務(wù)的未來(lái)發(fā)展方向，通過(guò)分析每種新聞

64、APPA的局限性和特性。最后，通過(guò)從各種角度，例如新聞提供者、服務(wù)類型和信息價(jià)值分析現(xiàn)在的新聞APP類型，來(lái)嘗試找到方法來(lái)滿足新聞消費(fèi)者的需求。</p><p>　　在分析各種新聞APP局限性和特性的同時(shí)，本文預(yù)測(cè)新聞服務(wù)未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。而且，通過(guò)通過(guò)從各種角度，例如新聞提供者、服務(wù)類型和信息價(jià)值提出建議，來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求。</p><p>　　SNS新聞APP的特點(diǎn)和局限性<

65、/p><p>　　SNS新聞服務(wù)隨著智能設(shè)備和SNS的發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)新聞服務(wù)者和新聞傳播方式，SNS新聞服務(wù)又能被細(xì)分為幾類。第一種：SNS本身就帶新聞傳播功能。SNS是一種個(gè)體交互的多媒體，SNS用戶形成個(gè)體的網(wǎng)絡(luò)：在那里，個(gè)人和其他人相互聯(lián)系[1]。每個(gè)人只要使用SNS，皆可以成為都是新聞提供者、消費(fèi)者和新媒體，而且，能夠作為產(chǎn)消者構(gòu)建一個(gè)平行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞。值得注意的是，新聞本身并不十分可靠，因?yàn)榉菍I(yè)的個(gè)人成

66、為了新聞的提供者，娛樂(lè)為基礎(chǔ)的軟新聞開(kāi)始傳播。</p><p>　　圖1：SNS新聞的網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞</p><p>　　第二種：通過(guò)使用SNS的趨勢(shì)提供新聞服務(wù)。在“YolkNews”案例中，計(jì)算Twitter上新聞被引頻次，然后降序排列，這樣一種方式進(jìn)行新聞傳播。YolkNews以Twitter為基礎(chǔ)，然后掛出那些每天Twitter排行榜上提到次數(shù)最多的新聞。所以，YolkNews能夠滿足大

67、多人的喜好，盡管它自己并不產(chǎn)生新聞，考慮到公眾的需求以新聞提供媒體和敘述性文章為基礎(chǔ)，在這點(diǎn)上，這種模式是有意義的。此外，我們不能忽略一個(gè)事實(shí)：觀點(diǎn)能夠通過(guò)評(píng)論進(jìn)行傳播和分享，只要消費(fèi)者看到了新聞。即使對(duì)于包括新聞APPA在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞服務(wù)來(lái)說(shuō)，。這是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，但是以SNS為基礎(chǔ)的新聞服務(wù)是不同的，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢酝ㄟ^(guò)即時(shí)的反饋，充分利用信息交換的優(yōu)勢(shì)。</p><p>　　SNS新聞服務(wù)的主要特點(diǎn)和有點(diǎn)是它

68、能夠?qū)θ疆a(chǎn)生影響。以Facebook為例，一旦一個(gè)人點(diǎn)了“贊同”這個(gè)按鈕，新聞就傳播到了和他有關(guān)的所有用戶。SNS用戶嘗試通過(guò)傳播媒體提供的新聞或是增加新聞信息和評(píng)論來(lái)分享新聞[2]。他們能夠在新聞傳播中發(fā)揮重疊作用的主要原因是自我表達(dá)和與他人共識(shí)的形成[3]。他們分享新聞不僅僅是為了消費(fèi)新聞，而是去了解SNS平臺(tái)上新聞的集合，感受思考的樂(lè)趣。然而，形成這種樂(lè)趣的新聞消費(fèi)在傳播過(guò)程中可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生變化。由于SNS平臺(tái)三方影響的特點(diǎn)，新聞可

69、能隨著消費(fèi)者個(gè)人意愿而被重新編輯，而忽略真實(shí)性和目標(biāo)性，或是可能隨著某種趨勢(shì)發(fā)生延伸。</p><p>　　圖2： Wikitree的實(shí)時(shí)新聞服務(wù)過(guò)程</p><p>　　上述提到的SNS新聞服務(wù)的局限性包括以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，新聞容量的局限性。移動(dòng)環(huán)境中的新聞媒體由于小屏幕的原因，不可避免德要限制文章內(nèi)容。因此，字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過(guò)任何其他新聞APP，因?yàn)檫@種環(huán)境相對(duì)不宜傳播信息，SNS也不僅僅只是

70、新聞媒體。Twitter，最流行的SNS平臺(tái)之一，限制了140個(gè)字。然而，由于SNS新聞服務(wù)的特點(diǎn)，字?jǐn)?shù)限制更容易顯現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樽謹(jǐn)?shù)與傳播速度和三方影響成反比，更不用多移動(dòng)環(huán)境的劣勢(shì)和系統(tǒng)因素。</p><p>　　第二，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)影響者。作為新聞的傳播者，SNS用戶扮演了多種角色，以SNS的典型代表Twitter為例，新聞以下列順序進(jìn)行計(jì)算：?jiǎn)栴}產(chǎn)生者、影響者、傳播者。問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生者是傳統(tǒng)的新聞媒體、新聞端口、社交媒體、

71、有影響力的博客、名人和普通用戶。問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生者扮演者傳統(tǒng)的議程設(shè)定角色，但他們?cè)O(shè)定的整個(gè)議程并不傳播。而且，有影響力的人有大量的推特轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，并不只是擁有大量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)追隨者和朋友，但他們直接參與到社會(huì)互動(dòng)中，包括tweets，mentions等。這些有影響力的人在SNS新聞傳播中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，并且值得注意的是，這些人物并不是追求目標(biāo)性新聞的專業(yè)新聞生產(chǎn)者。和傳統(tǒng)新聞生產(chǎn)相比，SNS新聞通過(guò)具有煽動(dòng)性、偏見(jiàn)或者是興趣驅(qū)動(dòng)因?yàn)樵谒鼈兊钠脚_(tái)里，個(gè)人