《街道歷史性認(rèn)知地標(biāo)的研究與探索——以天津勸業(yè)場地區(qū)為例》

1、<p>　　《街道歷史性認(rèn)知地標(biāo)的研究與探索——以天津勸業(yè)場地區(qū)為例》</p><p>　　【Abstract】Focused on the historical cognitive landmarks of these streets and taken the district of Tianjin Quanye Bazaar as an example， this dissertation uti

2、lizes identify analysis method to cognize elements of landmark of two representative streets---Heping Road and Binjiang Road in different backgrounds respectively. Then it analyzes these cognitive landmark elements by An

3、alytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and hence concludes whether the main elements which impact people’s perception of historical</p><p>　　【Key words】street； historical； cognitive landmarks； historical style and f

4、eatures </p><p>　　1. Background </p><p>　　As a consequence， people’s perception regarding landmarks has been updating gradually as time goes by. Therefore， it is crucial to make surveys of peopl

5、e from different ages， make a conclusion of cognitive landmarks and hence grasp the regular pattern of how these cognitive landmarks in one same region change in different eras， as by this way not only will it provide th

6、eoretical basis for the conservation and promotion tasks for streets and historical architecture， but also has an important mean</p><p>　　2.The composition of the landmarks identified elements </p>&l

7、t;p>　　This dissertation chose four groups of people as the survey objects—those who were born in 1930s， 1950s， 1970s and 1990s respectively. Among them there are 30 people in each group. In the survey these objects we

8、re told to use recall method and identify method to point out what signs （landmarks， such as architecture， billboard， commercial forms and so on） impressed them most on Heping Road and Binjiang Road during the age they w

9、ere 20 to 30. The result of this survey is showed in Table1： </p><p>　　Table1. The landmarks identified elements in different backgrounds[1] </p><p>　　Decade Heping Road Binjiang Road </p>

10、<p>　　1930s（landmarks/ number） Quanye Bazaar （30）； Bohai Building （29）； Tianjin Grang Department Store （24）； Gui Shunzhai （24）； Lao Meihua （19） Guo Min Hotel （26）； Zhonghua Shou Pin Suo （26）； Tram car （25）； Si Mia

11、nzhong （23）； Shengxi Fu （19）； Hua Zhu （18） Quanye Bazaar （30）； Xikai Church （23）； Wesley Church （22）； Guang Ming Theatre （21）； Tram car （25）； Huizhong Hotel （22）； Hua Qingchi （21）； Jiaotong Hotel （20）； Tong Shenghe （19）

12、 　　1950s（landmarks/ number） Quanye Bazaar （30）； Bohai Building （28）； Tian</p><p>　　1970s（landmarks/ number） Quanye Bazaar （30）； Bohai Building （25）； Tianjin Grang Department Store （23）； Gui Shunzhai （18）； La

13、o Meihua （17）； stall （27）； Guan Shengyung （23）； book shop （23）； Eye Hospital （20）； Optical shop （19）； No. 900 Bus （18）； Guoren Zhang （17）； Zheng Xingde （16）； Chen Lin dyeing shop （14） Quanye Bazaar （30）； Zhongyuan Depart

14、ment Store （27）； McDonald's （27）； Binjiang Shopping Center （26）； Kang Le （25）； Huaxu shopping （24）； Xikai Church （23）； Hengdeli watch shop （23）； stall （22）；</p><p>　　3.The study about cognitive elements

15、of historical streets landmarks </p><p>　　This dissertation utilized Analytic Hierarchy Process to analyze these cognitive elements of historical landmarks and hence got the historical landmarks of the stree

16、ts. First of all， it made a hierarchy of landmarks cognition and divided them into different elements on the basis of final objective of the study. Then it chose the criteria of judgment and determined the project. Final

17、ly these different elements were combined with different hierarchies to form a multilayer analysis model of structu</p><p>　　Table2. The judgment principle of historical streets landmarks </p><p&g

18、t;　　Popularity This dissertation draws a conclusion by references and surveys because of the fact that it is hard to define whether the popularity of solution is high or low. </p><p>　　Historical Their histo

19、rical meaning will be determined by the causes of elements： namely， if these elements are built by certain historical reasons， or because they have great links with Tianjin’s historical cultural development， or they have

20、 the ability to witness certain historical eras. 　　Time This is judged by the year those elements were formed and how long they have lasted. </p><p>　　Continuity This means that if these elements will be in

21、herited and remembered by human beings during the development. The conclusion is drawn by surveys and recall method which record the times those elements are recognized in different eras. </p><p>　　3.1 Choos

22、ing the principle of judgment </p><p>　　This study chose four judgment principles regarding historical street landmarks which are shown as below. （Table2） </p><p>　　3.2 Analytic Hierarchy Proces

23、s </p><p>　　The analysis mainly follows five steps： Firstly it builds a hierarchy structure model； secondly it structures a judgment matrix； thirdly the hierarchies are arranged singly； fourthly it has the c

24、onformity test； lastly all the hierarchies need to be ranked. Because of the issue of operation， this study only presents the first two steps. </p><p>　　1）building a hierarchy structure model </p><

25、;p>　　At first we need to make sure that whether the objects can become historical landmarks of streets or not.（Fig.1） Then we list out four judgment principles—popularity， historical significance， feeling of years as

26、well as continuity. After that we choose the most presentative solutions for these two streets studied in the dissertation respectively. The solutions use landmark elements which occur more than 25 times （including 25 ti

27、mes） by recall method. The structure model as Picture 1 is built aft</p><p>　　Fig.1 Hierarchy tree </p><p>　　Table3. The landmark elements </p><p>　　Road Landmark elements </p>

28、;<p>　　Heping Road Quanye Bazaar （P1）， Tianjin Grang Department Store （P2）， Stalls （P3）， Bohai Building （P4） Guo Min Hotel （P5）， Tram car （P6）， Zhonghua Shou Pin Suo （P7）. </p><p>　　Binjiang Road Robb

29、nz Department Store （P1）， Sculpture （P2）， Zhongyuan Department Store （P3）， Xikai Church （P4）， Binjiang Shopping Center （P5）， Kang Le （P6）， McDonald’s （P7）， Guang Ming Theatre （P8）， Hengdeli watch shop （P9）， Tram car （P10

30、） Quanye Bazaar （P11）. </p><p>　　2）structuring a judgment matrix </p><p>　　It determines weights of each judgment principle related to the goals by comparison. Judging matrix scale is introduced

31、 in this analytical method to quantitatively show the importance of each elements in the matrix. （Table4） </p><p>　　Table4. The meaning diagram of scales of hierarchy analysis </p><p>　　Scale Me

32、aning </p><p>　　1 It means that two compared elements have the same important property. 　　3 It means that between the two compared elements， the former one is a little more important than the later one. <

33、;/p><p>　　5 It means that between the two compared elements， the former one is obviously much more important than the later one. </p><p>　　7 It means that between the two compared elements， the for

34、mer one is far more important than the later one. </p><p>　　9 It means that the former elements is extremely important compared with the later one. </p><p>　　11 It means that the former elements

35、 is intensively important compared with the later one. </p><p>　　2，4，6，8，10 It means the median of the adjacent judgment above. </p><p>　　It can be concluded that compared with these elements， a

36、s same as important is 1：1， intensively important is 11：1. Through comparing among these elementss and putting data into them， then we get the judgment matrix that the study needs. </p><p>　　Fig2. Matrix1. &

37、lt;/p><p>　　There are four judgment popularity： C1， historical： C2， time： C3 and continuity： C4. We compare each two historical street landmarks respectively which can become the historical landmarks of the str

38、eets and mark them， then structure all the solution judgment matrixes which are related to different principles. </p><p>　　Matrix of Heping Road： </p><p>　　Fig3. Popularity Matrix. Fig4. Histori

39、cal Matrix Fig5. Time Matrix Fig6. Continuity Matrix </p><p>　　Matrix of Binjiang Road： </p><p>　　Fig7. Popularity Matrix. Fig8. Historical Matrix Fig9. Time Matrix Fig10. Continuity Matrix <

40、/p><p>　　3.3 Debate </p><p>　　Calculation shows that Quanye Bazaar as well as Department Store have higher values compared with other landmark elements and hence become the historical cognitive lan

41、dmarks on Heping Road. People’s perception regarding historical landmarks in the streets has more tendency to specific material elements. These specific material elements have more stability and have more impression on p

42、eople as a result. </p><p>　　4.Conclusion and enlightenment </p><p>　　We can see the trend of how cities develop from the change of landmarks. These landmarks are not only a leading mark， but al

43、so a miniature of city’s image and spokesperson of the city. We have an obligation to study on people’s perception about landmark elements in order to adapt historical style and features to cities’ development. All in al

44、l， in the upcoming cites’ development， we must put more focus on the inheritance of immaterial landmark elements and abundance of their kinds. Only by this </p><p>　　References： </p><p>　　[1]Jun

45、 Zhang. The Study of Urban Space Sensation Based on the SD Method [D]. Tongji University， 2008. </p><p>　　[2]Chunli Wei. Discussion about Immdiate Constituent Analysis [J]. Journal of language and literature

46、 Studies， 2012.4. </p><p><b>　　作者簡介： </b></p><p>　　蘭旭（1980.11），男（漢族），天津人，天津科技大學(xué)研究生；工作單位：天津城建大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院講師，主要從事城市規(guī)劃研究。 </p><p>　　朱佳寅（1984.4），女（漢族），天津人，工作單位：南開大學(xué)，圖書館員。， </p&

47、gt;<p>　　張弘霞（1991.4），女（漢族），天津人，天津城建大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院，學(xué)生，主要從事城市規(guī)劃研究。 </p><p>　　尹婧霖（1991.8），女（漢族），天津人，天津城建大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院，學(xué)生，主要從事城市規(guī)劃研究。 </p><p><b>　　基金項目： </b></p><p>　　1.天津市2012年度哲學(xué)社