抓住機(jī)遇開拓創(chuàng)新努力提高國土資源對可持續(xù)發(fā)展

1、中國國土資源管理與可持續(xù)發(fā)展Management and Sustainable Development of China’s Land and Resources,中華人民共和國國土資源部Department of Planning of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China,,一、中國國土資源基本形勢The Basic Situation of China’s Land and R

2、esources,（一）中國國土資源狀況The status of China’s Land and Resource,一、中國國土資源基本形勢 The Basic Situation of China’s Land and Resources二、中國國土資源管理體系 The Management System of China’s Land and Resources三、中國國土資源管理工作現(xiàn)狀和未來 The Pr

3、esent Situation and the Future of Land and Resources Management of China,內(nèi)容提綱Outline of Presentation,中國位于亞洲東部，陸地面積960萬km2，內(nèi)海和邊海水域面積約470多萬km2。有37個(gè)省級行政區(qū)。2006年，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值210871億元，總?cè)丝?31448萬人。China is situated at the east of t

4、he Asia . It has a land area of 9,600,000 km2. Its inner and border sea water area is about 4,700,000 km2. Its 37 provincial administration regions. In 2006, its gross domestic product was RMB 21.0871 trillion Yuan, with

5、 the population of 1,314,480,000 persons.,,中國自然資源在總體上呈現(xiàn)出四個(gè)特點(diǎn)：資源總量大，類型齊全；人均資源占有量少；資源空間分布不均衡，資源組合結(jié)構(gòu)不匹配；資源開發(fā)難度大，節(jié)約集約程度不高。China’s natural resources generally has four characteristics: big volume of the total resource with f

6、ull types, small amount of per man resource occupancy, unbalanced spatial distribution of resources and mismatching of resource combination structure as well as difficulty of being developed.,土地資源特點(diǎn)一：總量大，人均占有量小。The fir

7、st characteristics of land resource : big total volume with small occupancy.,中國陸地面積和耕地面積都位居世界第3，耕地占世界耕地的9.3%；多年生牧場面積占世界11.5%，居世界第1。2006年，全國耕地面積12177.59萬公頃，人均耕地0.093公頃，不到世界平均水平的40%。Its cultivable land area accounts for 9

8、.3% of the world, ranking the third in the world. Its perennial pasture area accounts for 11.5% of that of the world, ranking the first in the world. By 2006, the cultivated lands of the whole country was 121,775,900 hec

9、tares, but there was only 0.093 hectare per man cultivated land, even less than 40% of the world’s average level.,,2006年全國土地利用 the land-use of China in 2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,25.9,,,,13.1,,,,10.9,,,,2.85,,,,2.1,,,,1.43,,,,

10、,,,,,,,,,,,,,人均耕地（畝）per man cultivated land （mu）(2005 year),加拿大Canada,俄羅斯Russia,美國American,印度India,德國German,中國China,土地資源特點(diǎn)二：耕地總體質(zhì)量不高。The Secondly characteristics of land resource : the general quality of the cu

11、ltivated area was poor.,高產(chǎn)田僅占28%，中產(chǎn)田為40%，低產(chǎn)田為32%。優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地占用過快，耕地污染退化比較嚴(yán)重，全國每年因水土流失、土壤鹽堿化和沙化損失的耕地仍在增加。High yielded field accounted for only 28%, medium yielded field for 40% and low yielded field accounted for 32%. Good qual

12、ity cultivated land was occupied too fast, resulting in a bit serious recession due to pollution of cultivated land. Each year, the loss of cultivated land in the country due to soil erosion, salinization and desertifica

13、tion is still increasing.,,,2001-2006年全國災(zāi)毀耕地情況The loss of cultivated land area due to natural disasters 2001-2006 year,土地資源特點(diǎn)三：土地資源區(qū)域差異顯著。The Thirdly characteristics of land resource : the regional difference of land

14、 resources. 宜農(nóng)、宜林土地主要分布于東部季風(fēng)區(qū)，80%以上的草地分布在西北干旱區(qū)。Lands suitable for agriculture and forest are mainly distributed over the east seasonal wind areas. Over 80% of grass lands are distributed over the northwestern dry area

15、s.,,土地資源特點(diǎn)四：可供開發(fā)利用的土地面積小The fourth characteristics of land resource : the developable and applicable land area is small 耕地后備資源不足，僅1億畝左右。the cultivated backup land resource is insufficient (only about 100,000,000 mu)

16、.,,中國礦產(chǎn)資源總量豐富，但人均資源量少；資源稟賦較差，利用難度大。 China is rich in total volume of mineral resources， But the per man resource volume is little；The resources are not of natural endowment, with difficulty of utilization 。,中國礦產(chǎn)資源總量約占

17、世界的12%，居世界第3位；人均資源量僅為世界水平的58%，居世界第53位，主要礦產(chǎn)探明人均儲(chǔ)量不到世界平均水平的1/4。,The total volume of mineral resources of China accounts for about 12% of that of the world, ranking the third in the world. the per man resource volume is onl

18、y at 58% of the world’s level, ranking 53 in the world. The major proven per man deposit of mineral resources is not up to 1/4 of the average world level.,礦物能源結(jié)構(gòu)不良，優(yōu)質(zhì)能源少。大型礦床和容易選冶的礦產(chǎn)地少，中小礦和共生伴生礦多。探明礦產(chǎn)中，1/3在現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件下難利用。

19、 The mineral energy is of poor structure, lack of good quality energy. Large-sized mineral beds and easy selecting and smelting mineral lands are little, but there are many medium-sized and paragenous and associated

20、 mines. Among the proven minerals, 1/3 are very difficult to utilize under existing economic and technical conditions.,,已探明儲(chǔ)量的159種礦產(chǎn)分類表159 minerals with identified resources and reserves in China in 2006,中國海洋資源種類繁多。其中，海

21、洋石油資源量約240億噸，天然氣資源量14萬億立方米，濱海砂礦資源儲(chǔ)量31億噸，海洋可再生能源理論蘊(yùn)藏量6.3億千瓦，水深0至15米的淺海面積12.4萬平方千米。China has many types of marine resources. Among them, the amount of marine petroleum resources is about 24 billion tons, that of natural g

22、as resources is about 14 trillion m3, coastal sand mineral resources deposit is 3.1 billion tons and the theoretical ocean reproducible energy deposit is about 0.63 billion kilowatts, the shallow sea area with water dept

23、h from 0 to 15 m is about 124 thousand km2.,（二）國土資源在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用The land and resources played an important role in promoting development of economic society,嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地，對保障國家糧食安全和維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。耕地為中國農(nóng)民提供了60%的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入和60～80%的生

24、活必需品。土地供應(yīng)有力支持了城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，保證了國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。Strictly protecting cultivated land has played an important role in guaranteeing national grain safety and safeguarding social stability. The cultivated land in China provides farmers 40

25、to 60% of economic incomes and 60 to 80% of life necessities. The land supply has strongly supported the urban and rural construction and guaranteed the need of national economic development.,礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國90%左右的能源、

26、80%以上的工業(yè)原材料、70%以上的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料和30%以上的生活用水來自礦產(chǎn)資源，有力地支持了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。The mineral resource is an important material base of economic development. About 90% of China’s energy, over 80% of industrial raw material, over 70% of agricul

27、tural production material and over 30% of living water come from mineral resources that has strongly supported the national economy and social development.,海洋日益成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要空間和資源寶庫，海洋資源在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用日益顯著，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。The

28、 ocean is increasingly becoming the important space and resource treasure-house for the development of economic society. The role of ocean resources in development of China’s economic society increasingly obvious and the

29、 marine economy has become the new economic growth point.,The total output value of China’s main marine industries,The total output value and the ratio of added value to GDP,（三）土地、礦產(chǎn)資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾加劇 The contradiction betw

30、een land, mineral resources and economic development is agravated,土地方面，耕地面積大量減少。土地粗放利用的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍，進(jìn)一步加劇了土地供求矛盾。,the cultivated land area greatly decreased. The phenomenon of extensive utilization of land also existed wide

31、ly, which further deteriorated the contradiction between the supply and demand of the land.,2001-2006年全國耕地面積變化情況The changing of cultivated land area 2001-2006 year,,,7年內(nèi)，全國凈減少耕地上億畝。,,礦

32、產(chǎn)供需矛盾進(jìn)一步加劇。礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用粗放和破壞浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。礦山“小、散、多”問題突出，礦產(chǎn)資源總回收率、共伴生礦的利用率低?！n the aspect of mineral resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of minerals has been further worsened. The phenomenon of extensive developm

33、ent and utilization, sabotage and waste of mineral resources was worsening. The problems of “small, disperse and excessive” mines stood out. The total recovery ratio and availability of common associated minerals of mine

34、ral resource were low.,,石油生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)狀況the output and consumption of oil in China 1990-2006,,礦產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口總額China’s total trade volume of mineral commodities,海洋資源開發(fā)利用程度還不高，海洋調(diào)查勘探程度低，海洋資源開發(fā)過度與不足并存，近岸海域污染和海洋災(zāi)害損失嚴(yán)重。The level of explo

35、itation and use of marine resources were still not high while the marine survey level was still low. The over exploitation and lack of exploitation of marine resources coexist. The off-shore sea water areas were seriousl

36、y polluted and serious loss was suffered from marine disasters.,二、中國國土資源管理體系,The Management System of China’s Land and Resources,（一）國土資源部的管理職能,The Management Function of Ministry of Land and Resources of China,中國國土資源部組建于

37、1998年，主要職能是：土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源的規(guī)劃、管理、保護(hù)與合理利用。 The Ministry of Land and Resources of China was set up in 1998, The major function of Ministry of Land and Resources is: planning, management, protection and rational util

38、ization of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources.,國土資源部的主要職責(zé)包括12項(xiàng)： The Ministry of Land and Resources has following 12 major responsibilities:,1. 擬定有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，發(fā)布土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源管理的規(guī)章；研究擬定管

39、理、保護(hù)與合理利用土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源政策；制訂土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范和辦法。 To enact relevant laws and regulations and promulgate the rules governing the management of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources t

40、o develop policies regarding the management, protection and rational utilization of land, mineral and marine resources; to formulate the technical criteria, rules, standards and measures for land, mineral and marine reso

41、urces;,2. 組織編制和實(shí)施國土規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃和其他專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃；參與報(bào)國務(wù)院審批的城市總體規(guī)劃的審核，指導(dǎo)、審核地方土地利用總體規(guī)劃；組織礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的調(diào)查評價(jià)，編制礦產(chǎn)資源和海洋資源保護(hù)與合理利用規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)勘查規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治和地質(zhì)遺跡保護(hù)規(guī)劃。 To compile and implement the national comprehensive planning for land and resour

42、ces, overall plan for land use and other specific plans; to participate in the examination and verification of urban overall plans submitted to the State Council for approval, instruct and verify local overall plans for

43、land use; to organize the survey and evaluation of mineral and marine resources; to develop plans for the protection and rational utilization of mineral and marine resources, for geological survey, for the prevention and

44、 mitigation of geological hazards and for the protection of geological remains;,3. 監(jiān)督檢查各級國土資源主管部門行政執(zhí)法和土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源規(guī)劃執(zhí)行情況；依法保護(hù)土地、礦產(chǎn)、海洋資源所有者和使用者的合法權(quán)益，承辦并組織調(diào)處重大權(quán)屬糾紛，查處重大違法案件。,To supervise and inspect the law enforcement of th

45、e departments for land and resources management at various levels and the implementation of plans for land, mineral and marine resources; to protect the lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of land, minera

46、l and marine resources according to the law, to undertake and organize the arbitration of major disputes over rights and ownership and the investigation of major law-breaking cases;,To develop and implement policies on s

47、pecial protection of cultivated land and encouraging the development of cultivated land; to enforce the control over the different purposes on agricultural land; to organize the protection of capital farmland; to instruc

48、t the development of unused land and cultivated land, the land revitalization and reclamation and supervise the development of cultivated land, so as to ensure the increase of cultivated land without any decrease.,4. 擬定實(shí)

49、施耕地特殊保護(hù)和鼓勵(lì)耕地開發(fā)政策，實(shí)施農(nóng)地用途管制，組織基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)，指導(dǎo)未利用土地開發(fā)、土地整理、土地復(fù)墾和開發(fā)耕地的監(jiān)督工作，確保耕地面積只能增加、不能減少。,5. 制訂地籍管理辦法，組織土地資源凋查、地藉調(diào)查、土地統(tǒng)計(jì)和動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測；指導(dǎo)土地確權(quán)、城鄉(xiāng)地籍、土地定級和登記等工作。 To formulate cadastral management regulation; to organize land and

50、 resources survey, cadastral survey, land statistics and dynamic monitoring; to instruct the works on land titles, urban and rural land recording, land grading and registration;,6. 擬定并按規(guī)定組織實(shí)施土地使用權(quán)出讓、租賃、作價(jià)出資、轉(zhuǎn)讓、交易和政府收購管理辦

51、法，制訂國有土地劃撥使用目錄指南和鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）村用地管理辦法，指導(dǎo)農(nóng)村集體非農(nóng)土地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)管理。 To develop and organize to implement the regulations for the assignment, lease, evaluation, transfer, transaction and governmental purchasing of the right to use the l

52、and; to work out catalogue guideline for the allocation of the state-owned land and management measures on the land for villages and townships usage, to instruct the transfer of right to use non-agricultural land owned b

53、y rural collectives.,7.指導(dǎo)基準(zhǔn)地價(jià)、標(biāo)定地價(jià)評測，審定評估機(jī)構(gòu)從事土地評估的資格，確認(rèn)土地使用權(quán)價(jià)格。承擔(dān)報(bào)國務(wù)院審批的各類用地的審查報(bào)批工作。 To administrate the evaluation of reference and standard land prices, verify and assess the qualification of organizations engaging i

54、n land evaluation and appraisal, confirm the price of land-use right; to undertake the verification and approval of applications for various land utilization submitted to State Council for approval.,8.依法管理礦產(chǎn)資源探礦權(quán)、采礦權(quán)的審批登

55、記發(fā)證和轉(zhuǎn)讓審批登記；依法審批對外合作區(qū)塊；承擔(dān)礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)量管理工作，管理地質(zhì)資料匯交； To administer the approval, registration and licensing of the rights to explore and to mine the mineral resources and the rights to transfer them according to the law; to ver

56、ify and approve the blocks for cooperation with foreign investment according to law; to undertake the management of mineral resource reserves and the collection and compilation of geological data;,9.組織監(jiān)測、防治地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和保護(hù)地質(zhì)遺跡；依法

57、管理水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)、環(huán)境地質(zhì)勘查和評價(jià)工作。 To organize the monitoring prevention and mitigation of geological disasters and the protection of geological remains; to supervise the hydrogeological, engineering and environmental geological

58、explorations and evaluations according to law;,10.安排并監(jiān)督檢查國家財(cái)政撥給的地勘費(fèi)和國家財(cái)政撥給的其他資金。 To arrange, supervise and inspect the use of geological exploration funds allocated by the state and other funds allocated through state

59、finance.,11.組織開展土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的對外合作與交流。 To organize and carry out international cooperation and experience exchange on land, mineral and marine resources.,12. 承辦國務(wù)院交辦的其他事項(xiàng)。 To fulfill other duties assigned by the Stat

60、e Council.,（二）國土資源管理制度,Management System of Land and Resources,當(dāng)前中國國土資源管理制度的核心是土地資源管理和礦產(chǎn)資源管理。Presently, the core of management system of land and resources of China is the land and mineral resources management.,土地資源管

61、理的基本制度：中國實(shí)行土地社會(huì)主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。實(shí)行土地有償使用、土地用途管制、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用、建設(shè)用地統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)制度。The content of the fundamental system on land resource management is: China implements socialist public ownership, namely, the ownership by the whol

62、e people and the collective ownership of mass laborers. She enforces systems of compensable use and utilization control of land, usage transfer of agricultural land and unitively supply of construction land．,形成了土地利用總體規(guī)劃、

63、土地利用年度計(jì)劃、農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批、土地執(zhí)法監(jiān)察和國家土地總督察等一系列具體的管理制度。——form a series of management systems such as the comprehensive and annual plans for land utilization, usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation and approval o

64、f land, supervision on law enforcement and national land general supervision.,◆土地利用總體規(guī)劃是城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、土地管理的綱領(lǐng)性文件，是加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控、發(fā)揮市場配置土地資源基礎(chǔ)性作用的重要前提，是實(shí)行土地用途管制、落實(shí)最嚴(yán)格的土地管理制度的基本手段。the comprehensive plans of land utilization is the program

65、matic document for urban and rural construction and land management, the important premise for strengthening macro regulation and control and playing the basic role of market configuration of land resources and the means

66、 for implementing land-use control and putting in effect the most strictest land management system.,◆土地利用年度計(jì)劃是國家對計(jì)劃年度農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用量、土地開發(fā)整理補(bǔ)充耕地量和耕地保有量的具體安排，它既是實(shí)施土地利用總體規(guī)劃的重要手段，又是用地審批的重要依據(jù)。The annual plan for land use is the pract

67、ical arrangement of the amount of annual transferred volume of agricultural land, amount of the land exploitation, arrangement and supplementation of cultivated land and the amount of retained cultivated land. This plan

68、acts as not only an important means to enforce comprehensive land plans, but also the important basis for land use verification and approval.,◆農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)用和土地征收審批是土地利用總體規(guī)劃和土地利用年度計(jì)劃得以落實(shí)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是土地供應(yīng)的“閘門”。 The verification an

69、d approval of usage transfer of agricultural land and expropriation of land is the key link that the comprehensive plan for the verification and approval of transfer of agricultural land and land expropriation and the an