the competitive advantage of regional clusters an organizational–evolutionary perspective【外文翻譯】

1、1外文題目：TheCompetitiveAdvantageofRegionalClusters:Anganizational–EvolutionaryPerspective出處：COMPETITION&CHANGE作者：UDOSTABER原文：Researchonthecompetitivenessofregionalclustersoffirmsinthesamerelatedindustrieshasbeendominatedbya

2、profoundlyoptimisticviewconcernedfarmeabouttheintegrativepossibilitiesofdensesocialwksthanthedysfunctionalconsequencesofsuchwks.Iarguethatthisapproachwhichdrawsivelyonthetransactioncostknowledgebasedinstitutionalistpersp

3、ectivesisonesidedinitsfundamentalpremisesfocusingonthepresumedbenefitsofwkhomogeneitycoherence.Ithasledresearcherstopayinsufficientattentiontotheroleofvariationsimperfectionsincopyingroutinescompetenciesasabasisofcluster

4、competitiveness.Theevolutionaryperspectivecallsintoquestionthecommonviewthatcompetitiveclusterwkstructuresdeveloptowardscoherencehomogeneity.Itviewstheclusterasamultilevelganizationalsystemwhosedevelopmentisstronglyinflu

5、encedbyvariationgeneratingprocessesatthemicrolevel.Idiscusstheseprocesseswithspecialreferencetocompetitiveadvantageoutlinesomeofthechallengestheyimplyfempiricalresearch.KEYKEYWDSWDSCompetitiveadvantageEvolutionaryperspec

6、tiveganizationalintegrationSocialwksIntroductionIntroductionWiththetransfmationfromaneconomybasedonmaterialproductiontoaneconomybasedonknowledgeresearchinganizationtheystrategicmanagementoncompetitiveadvantagehasbeenexte

7、ndedfromfirmbasedapproachesfocusingonintrafirmcapabilitiestoperspectiveswhichseedistinctadvantagesinthefirm’sembeddednessininterganizationalwksthewaythesearemanaged.Inmanyindustriesinterganizationalwksaregeographicallyco

8、ncentratedin3dynamicresearchdesignthatcapturescontinuationsreversalsindecisionsactionsrelationships.Adynamicapproachisimptantifonewishestoundersttransfmationsofactionstructureratherthanmerelyidentifyhisticaltrends.Thecri

9、ticalresearchquestionsarerelatedtotimechange.WhendoimptanttransfmationsofaclusterbeginendWhenistheappropriatemomenttoassesstheoutcomesofchangesDoeventsatdifferentlevelsofanalysisoccurindifferenttimecyclesAretheeffectsofc

10、hangessymmetricalAfocusoncurrenteventsmaygivetheimpressionofchangewhereasanhisticalemphasismaysuggestcontinuity.Thechoiceofatimeframefanalysisistherefecritical.Thegainsfromaresearchdesigninfmedbytheevolutionaryperspectiv

11、earegreatestwhenclustersarestudiedatvariousstagesofdevelopment.Variabilityislikelytobegreatestwhennewwksarebeingganizednotaftertheyhavebecomeestablishedsuccessfullybuiltareputation.ionpressuresmaybestrongestwhenthekeyact

12、sfirstattempttointroducefundamentalchangesinthewaytheyrelatetoothersintheregion.Firmsfacethemostcriticalchallengesearlyinthewkbuildingprocesswhentheymustfindreliablepartnerslinkupwithinstitutionalsupptersobtainsociallegi

13、timacyfnewstrategiessofth.Studiesexaminingmatureclustersmostlikelydonotreflecttheactualextentofvariabilityinbusinesspracticesganizationalfmsthusinvestigatsmisstheessenceofclustercompetitiveness.Thedistinctionbetweenpract

14、icesattheindividualfirmwkclusterlevelisimptantbecausecompetitiveadvantageatalowleveldoesnotautomaticallytranslateintosuccessatameaggregatelevelviceversa.Researchneedstocometogripswiththecomplexproblemofunderstingtherelat

15、ionshipbetween‘choices’madebyindividualsintheclusterthecompetitivenessoftheclusterasawhole.Thefundamentaltaskoftheevolutionaryresearchprogramisnottodeterminewhypeoplebehavethewaytheydobutrathertoexplainthedifferentialsur