what is a legitimate role for euro-citizens【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文文獻外文文獻原文原文WhatWhatisisaLegitimateLegitimateRoleRoleffEurocitizensEurocitizensADemocraticPerspectiveonParticipationDemocraticcitizenshipisaninstitution—asetofrulespractices—thatganizestherelationship

2、betweenruledrulersbetweenindividualcitizenstheagentsinstitutionsofgovernancetowhichtheyaresubject.Democraticcitizenshipprescribesprinciplesstardsfassessingotherinstitutionstheirrelationshipsfexamplebyspecifyinglegitimate

3、distributionsoftasksobjectivesprocedurescitizens’rightsfreedomsobligationsaswellasuniversalhumanrightseconomicrightsallocationsofsubstantivegoodsburdens.Onebasicprincipleofdemocraticcitizenshipisthatthoseaffectedbydecisi

4、onsshouldbeabletoinfluencecommonaffairsonequalterms.Theyshouldseethemselvesastheauthsofthelawalsobetreatedwithequalrespecthavetheirconcernstreatedequally.WhatEderGiesen(2001267)callthemodernmythoffreeequalcitizensisbased

5、ontheassumptionthatalladultmembersofasocietyareequallycompetentaffectedbypoliticaldecisionstherefeshouldhaveequalrightofparticipationinthegovernanceofcommonaffairs.HoweverwhenanalyzingthelegitimateroleofEurocitizensitisi

6、mptanttotakeintoaccountthatcitizensinfactdonothaveequalcapabilitiesresourcesthattheyusuallyspendlimitedtimeenergyattentiononpolitics.Fexamplelimitedcitizeninterestinpublicissueslowvoterturnoutlowprestigefpoliticianspolit

7、icsarecommonincontemparydemocracies.Therefeafocusonthestrugglefparticipationshouldnotbeallowedtoovershadowtherealitythatparticipationissometimesconceivedasadutyasuninterestingirrelevant(Olsen1976).Observingthatcitizensha

8、veotherobjectivesthanpoliticalparticipationDahl(1987203)suggeststhatcitizensareabletoassesstheconditionsunderwhichstardsofparliamentarydemocracymajitygovernancetheprincipleofequalparticipationshouldbeappliedtheconditions

9、underwhichpublicauthityshouldbedelegatedtononmajitarianinstitutionsagents—bureaucratsjudgesscientistsexpertsrepresentativesofganizedintereststoguaranteemajitygovernancewithoutmajitytyrannyHowtoachievepoliticaleffectivene

10、sssecureconstitutionalrightsfreedomsHowtomakepoliticalleadersresponsivetopublicopinionavoidshallowpopulismHowtouseneutralexpertssecureprofessionalintegrityavoidtechnocracyHowtosecuretheruleoflawwithoutexcessivefmalismHow

11、toensurethatspeciallyaffectedinterestsareheardwithoutgivingprivilegestostronglyganizedinterestsHowtousemarketspricemechanismswithoutproducingsocialinequalityunrestThesearebasicpoliticalquestionswithout‘crect’‘optimal’exp

12、ertanswers.Theuseofafunctional–instrumentallanguageemphasizing‘goodgovernance’‘improvingEUinstitutionswkingmethods’isunlikelytoremoveconflictoverthecontinent’spoliticalganizationinstitutionalpowerbalance.Indeedsuchlangua

13、gemaywellexacerbatedisputes.Wearethenbacktotheolddemocraticideathatbothproblemdefinitionsanswersshouldariseoutofdemocraticprocessesthatcitizenparticipationisthebestguaranteefmakingrulersaddressinaninfmedwaytheissuesthatc

14、oncerncitizens.Democraciesthusneedtodevelopinstitutionalarrangementsthatmakeparticipationeffectiveaswellasinstitutionsthatmakedirectparticipationredundant.SpecializedstructuresautonomousinstitutionsWhatthenarelegitimatec

15、itizens’rolesinrelationtoautonomousinstitutionsthatisnonmajitarianinstitutionspartlyremovedfromthedirectcontrolofelectedagentsrepresentativeinstitutionsAutonomousstructuressometimeshaveanelementofcitizenrepresentation.Ye

16、takeydemocraticconcernistoensureinstitutionalizedguaranteesftransparencysothatcitizenscanmonithowinstitutionswkdiscusshowtheyshouldwksanctiondeviationsfromlegitimatebehavimisuseofpublicpower.Ratherthanafocusonelectingrul

17、ersinfluencingspecificdecisionsattentionisfocusedonissuesofa‘constitutional’naturesuchasunderwhatconditionsvariousinstitutionsagentsdeserveautonomy.Thatiscitizens’attentionisdirectedtowardsthelegitimatetasksobjectivespri

18、nciplesruleswkingsoutcomesofvariousinstitutionsthepowerbalancebetweenthemhowtopreventinstitutionalegoismencapsulationcapturemisuseofpublicauthity.TheVaryingChangingTrustinInstitutionsAgentsCitizensAssessmentsofinstitutio