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1、0外文翻譯原文ChineseRailwaysCurrentSourcesofInefficiencyMaterialSource:ChineseRailwaysRefmEfficiencyImprovementOpptunitiesAuth:KairinLugerThischapterwillfirstpresentsomehypothesesonthemaininefficienciesinChineseRailwaysoperati

2、onsderivedfromthekeyperfmanceindicatsintroduced.Indertoeaseapplicationtheinefficiencieswillbegroupedaccdingtothebusinessfieldsholdingfreightinfrastructure.InefficienciesShownbyKeyPerfmanceIndicats.TheKPIshavebeensurveyed

3、f11countries15railwaycompaniesplustheUKsroughly25privatepassengertrainoperatingcompaniesitsfourlargestprivaterailfreightoperats.Methan70percentoftherailwaycompaniesinthesamplearestateowned(withoutUK).Overalltheanalysisdo

4、esnotshowacrelationbetweenstateprivateownershipbusinessperfmanceinotherwdsthewidespreadassumptionthatstateownedcompaniesarefinancialunderperfmerscannotbeconfirmedftherailwaysample.ChineseRailwaysfinancialsshowmixedresult

5、s:theyhavethehighestrevenuegrowthover2003(21percent)alsobyfarthehighestEBITgrowth(methan160percentover2003).AcomparisonofEBITmarginshoweverrevealsaprofitabilityproblem:ChineseRailwayshaveanEBITmarginoflessthan3percentwhi

6、chisthelowestofthebenchmarksample(thebenchmarkaverageisalmost11percent)onlytheseventhhighestoftheentiresample.Thereasonscanbemanifold:lowamountofperfmedtransptkilometerslowpricesfpassengerfreightservicesahighcostbasetona

7、mejustafew.Howeverthefinancialsalsorevealapositivefact:ChineseRailwayshavethesecondhighestgrossinvestment(aftertheUSClass1railroads)indicatingthatthemeplansfwkupgradeexpansioninanattempttoenabletherailwayffuturegrowth.Ch

8、ineseRailwayscarrybyfarthelargestamountoffreight(measuredintons)havealsoseenthesecondhighestrightgrowthrate(9percent).MethantwothirdsofthefreightvolumetransptedbyallthebenchmarkrailwaystravelonChineseRailwaystrack.Despit

9、eoftheseastoundingvolumesgrowthratesrevenuesinboththepassengerfreightbusinessaresubstard.If2rollingstocknumbersintoaccountitcanbenotedthatinChinaoneofthelargestfleetoflocomotiveswagonstravelsononeoftheleastdensewksmoving

10、thewldwidelargestamountoffreight(abycomparisonmediumamountofpassengers).Alookatassetproductivityshouldprovidefurtherinsightsonwhetherthistranspttaskisperfmedefficiently:passengerwagonstrackinfrastructurearethehighestutil

11、izedoftheentiresamplefreightwagonsarethesecondhighestutilizedonlysurpassedbytheexclusivelyfreightdedicatedUSClassonerailroads.Thelocomotiveutilizationlagsbehindranksfourthintheentiresampleahinttowardstheearlierhypothesis

12、thatChineseRailwaysoperatelongtrainswithmanywagonsratherthanshtertrainsrunningathigherfrequency.ItisdebatablewhichrolethisfindingplayswithregardtotheseverecapacityshtagesthatareconstantlyobservedinChineseRailways:isthewk

13、justtoosmallIstheamountofpassengerfreightwagonsinsufficientCouldtheutilizationespeciallyoffreightwagonsbeevenhigherifthereweremewkkilometerstooperatethemonTheUSClassonerailroadsfinstancehaveamuchhigherutilizationoffreigh

14、twagonsbuthaveawkattheirdisposalwhichistwoahalftimeslargerthanChineseRailways(sotheUShavethehighestroutedensitybyterrityoftheentiresample).Regardlessofwhethernotmereexpansionofthewkwouldbeawaytoease.ChineseRailwaysbottle

15、necksitcanbenotedherethattheinsufficientcapacityofthewktherollingstockseemtobemeseverethanpoutilizationoftheseassets.FinallyitshouldbediscussedwhichrolethewkfceplaysinoperatingmanagingChineseRailwaysassets.ChineseRailway

16、shavethesecondhighestnumberofemployeesoftheentiresamplebehindIndianRailwayswhichisknowntobethewldslargestcommercialemployer(Lister2004).BothindicatsfChineseRailwayspersonnelproductivityarerelativelylow.Employeeproductivi

17、tyranksfifthovertheentiresamplebutisthethirdhighestincomparisonwiththebenchmarkrailways.Itcouldindicateacommitmenttosocialobligationsratherthanastringentprofitientatione.g.byrunningunprofitablelocallinesinsteadofcommitti

18、ngallefftstothevolumeintensivefreighttranspt.Therelativelylowlabproductivityhintsatahighamountoffreighttranspted(freightkilometersaremelabintensivetoproducethanpassengerkilometers)attheabovementionedpolicyofpreferringlon

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