2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文文獻翻譯譯文一、外文原文原文：原文：RiskManagementThischapterreviewsdiscussesthebasicissuesprinciplesofriskmanagementincluding:riskacceptability(tolerability)riskreductiontheALARPprinciplecautionaryprecautionaryprinciples.presentsacases

2、tudyshowingtheimptanceoftheseissuesprinciplesinapracticalmanagementcontext.Befewetakeacloserlookletusbrieflyaddresssomebasicfeaturesofriskmanagement.Thepurposeofriskmanagementistoensurethatadequatemeasuresaretakentoprote

3、ctpeopletheenvironmentassetsfrompossibleharmfulconsequencesoftheactivitiesbeingundertakenaswellastobalancedifferentconcernsinparticularriskscosts.Riskmanagementincludesmeasuresbothtoavoidthehazardstoreducetheirpotentialh

4、arm.Traditionallyinindustriessuchasnuclearoilgasriskmanagementwasbasedonapreiveregulatingregimeinwhichdetailedrequirementsweresetwithregardtothedesignoperationofthearrangements.Thisregimehasgraduallybeenreplacedbyamegoal

5、ientedregimeputtingemphasisonwhattoachieveratherthanonthemeansofachievingit.Riskmanagementisanintegralaspectofagoalientedregime.Itisacknowledgedthatriskcannotbeeliminatedbutmustbemanaged.Thereisnowadaysanenmousdriveenthu

6、siasminvariousindustriesinsocietyasawholetoimplementriskmanagementinganizations.Therearehighexpectationsthatriskmanagementistheproperframewkthroughwhichtoachievehighlevelsofperfmance.Riskmanagementinvolvesachievinganappr

7、opriatebalancebetweenrealizingopptunitiesfgainminimizinglosses.Itisanintegralpartofgoodmanagementpracticeanessentialelementofgoodcpategovernance.Itisanfriskmanagementi.e.theprinciplesofhowtheenterprisedefinesimplementsri

8、skmanagement.Shouldonesimplyfollowtheregulatyrequirements(minimalrequirements)shouldonebethe“bestintheclass”Theestablishmentofariskmanagementprocessftheenterprisei.e.fmalprocessesroutinesthattheenterpriseistofollow.Thees

9、tablishmentofmanagementstructureswithrolesresponsibilitiessuchthattheriskanalysisprocessbecomesintegratedintotheganization.Theimplementationofanalysessupptsystemssuchasriskanalysistoolsrecdingsystemsfoccurrencesofvarious

10、typesofeventsetc.Thecommunicationtrainingdevelopmentofariskmanagementculturesothatthecompetenceunderstingmotivationlevelwithintheganizationisenhanced.Giventheabovefundamentalsofriskmanagementthenextstepistodevelopprincip

11、lesamethodologythatcanbeusedinpracticaldecisionmaking.Thisisnothoweverstraightfward.Thereareanumberofchallengeshereweaddresssomeofthese:establishinganinfmativeriskpicturefthevariousdecisionalternativesusingthisriskpictur

12、einadecisionmakingcontext.Establishinganinfmativeriskpicturemeansidentifyingappropriateriskindicesassessmentsofuncertainties.Usingtheriskpictureinadecisionmakingcontextmeansthedefinitionapplicationofriskacceptancecriteri

13、acostbenefitanalysestheALARPprinciplewhichstatesthatriskshouldbereducedtoalevelwhichisaslowasisreasonablypracticable.Itiscommontodefinedescriberisksintermsofprobabilitiesexpectedvalues.Thishashoweverbeenchallengedsinceth

14、eprobabilitiesexpectedvaluescancamouflageuncertaintiestheassignedprobabilitiesareconditionalonanumberofassumptionssuppositionstheydependonthebackgroundknowledge.Uncertaintiesareoftenhiddeninthisbackgroundknowledgerestric

15、tingattentiontotheassignedprobabilitiescancamouflagefactsthatcouldproducesurprisingoutcomes.Byjumpingdirectlyintoprobabilitiesimptantuncertaintyaspectsareeasilydpotentialsurprisesmaybeleftunconsidered.Letusasanexamplecon

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