《實(shí)用電子商務(wù)》英語課件一

1、實(shí)用電子商務(wù)英語,學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 電子商務(wù)在現(xiàn)代生活中的位置越來越重要，它的出現(xiàn)不僅為企業(yè)提供了創(chuàng)造效益的平臺(tái)，而且也極大的方便了用戶的使用，逐漸成為商務(wù)活動(dòng)中占主導(dǎo)位置的形式。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)及通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為電子商務(wù)發(fā)展提供了更加廣闊的空間。,Unit 1 Introduction to Electronic Commerce,本章主要介紹了以下內(nèi)容：什么是電子商務(wù)電子商務(wù)的類型電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展·com的繁

2、榮、破滅和重生電子商務(wù)的優(yōu)勢電子商務(wù)的劣勢,1.1 Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business,To many people, the term "electronic commerce" means shopping on the part of the Internet. However, electronic commerce (or e-commerce) a

3、lso includes many other activities, such as businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes that companies use to support their buying, selling, hiring, planning, and other activities.,Some people use the

4、 term electronic business (or e-business) when they are,talking about electronic commerce in this broader sense. For example, IBM defines electronic business as "the transformation of key business processes through

5、the use of Internet technologies.",Most people use the terms "electronic commerce" and "electronic business" interchangeably. In this book, the term electronic commerce (or e-commerce) is used in

6、 its broadest sense and includes all,business activities conducted using electronic data transmission technologies.,The most common technology used is the Internet, but other technologies, such as wireless transmissions

7、on mobile telephone and personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, are also included.,1.2 Categories of Electronic Commerce,Some people find it useful to categorize electronic commerce by the types of entities participa

8、ting in the transactions or business processes. The five general electronic commerce categories are business-to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government.,The th

9、ree categories that are most commonly used are:Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C),Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, often called business-to-business(or B2B)Tr

10、ansactions and business processes that companies, governments, and other organizations undertake on the Internet to support selling and purchasing activities.,To understand these categories better, consider a company tha

11、t manufactures stereo speakers. The company,might sell its finished product to consumers on the Web, which would be B2C electronic commerce.,It might also purchase the materials it uses to make the speakers from other co

12、mpanies on the Web, which would be B2B electronic commerce. Businesses often have entire departments devoted to negotiating purchase transactions with their suppliers. These departments are usually named supply m

13、anagement or procurement. Thus, B2B electronic commerce is sometimes called e-procurement.,In addition to buying materials and selling speakers, the company must also undertake many other activities to convert the pu

14、rchased materials into speakers.,These activities might include hiring and managing the people who make the speakers, renting or buying the facilities in which the speakers are made and stored, shipping the speak

15、ers, maintaining accounting records, purchasing insurance, developing advertising campaigns, and designing new versions of the speakers.,An increasing number of these transactions and business processes can be done on th

16、e Web. Manufacturing processes (such as the fabrication of the speakers) can be controlled using Internet technologies within

17、 the business.,All of these communication, control, and transaction-related activities have become important parts of electronic commerce. Some people include these activities in the B2B category; others refer to the

18、m as underlying or supporting business processes.,figure 1-1 Elements of Electronic Commerce,Figure 1-1 shows the three main elements of electronic commerce. The figure presents a rough approximation of the relative si

19、zes of these elements. In terms of dollar volume and number of transactions, B2B electronic commerce is much greater than B2C electronic commerce.,However, the number of supporting business processes is greater than that

20、 of B2C and B2B transactions combined.The large oval in Figure 1-1 that represents the business processes that support selling and purchasing activities is the largest element of electronic commerce.,Some researchers de

21、fine a fourth category of electronic commerce, called consumer- to-consumer (or C2C), which includes individuals who buy and sell items among themselves.,For example, C2C electronic commerce occurs when a person sells

22、 an item through a Web auction site to another person. In this book, C2C sales are included in the B2C category because the person selling the item acts much as a business would for purposes of the transaction.,Finally,

23、some researchers also define a category of electronic commerce as business-to-government (or B2G). This category includes business,transactions with government agencies, such as paying taxes and filing required reports.,

24、An increasing number of states have Web sites that help companies do business with state government agencies. For example, the CAL-Buy site makes it easy for businesses to conduct online transactions with the State of Ca

25、lifornia. In this book, B2G transactions are included in our discussions of B2B electronic commerce.,Over the thousands of years that people have engaged in commerce with one another, they have adopted the tools and tech

26、nologies that became available. For example,,1.3 The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce,the advent of sailing ships in ancient times opened new avenues of trade to buyers and sellers. Later innovations, suc

27、h as the printing press, steam engine, and telephone, have each changed the way in which people conduct commerce activities.,The Internet has changed the way people buy, sell, hire, and organize business activities in mo

28、re ways and more rapidly than any other technology has in the history of business.,Although the Web has made online shopping possible for many businesses and individuals in a broader sense, electronic commerce has existe

29、d for many years. For more than 30 years, banks have been employing electronic funds transfers (EFTs, also called wire transfers), which are electronic transmissions of account exchange information over private communica

30、tion networks.,Businesses also have been engaging in a type of electronic commerce, known as electronic data interchange, for many,years. Electronic data interchange (EDI) occurs when one business transmits computer-read

31、able data in a standard format to another business.,In the 1960s, businesses realized that many of the documents they exchanged were related to the shipping of goods, for example, invoices, purchase orders, and bills of

32、lading. These documents included the same set of information for almost every transaction.,Businesses also realized that they were spending a good deal of time and money entering this data into their computers, printing

33、paper forms, and then reentering the data on the other side of the transaction. Although the purchase order, invoice, and bill of lading for each transaction contained much of the same information--such as item numbers,

34、descriptions, prices, and quantities--each paper form usually had its own unique format for presenting that information.,By creating a set of standard formats for transmitting that information electronically, businesses

35、were able to reduce errors, avoid,printing and mailing costs, and eliminate the need to reenter the data.,Businesses that engage in EDI with each other are called trading partners. The U.S. government, which is one of

36、 the largest EDI trading partners in the world, also was instrumental in bringing businesses into EDI. For nine years, ending in 2001, the Defense Logistics Agency operated a number of Electronic Commerce Resource Center

37、s (ECRCs) throughout the country.,The ECRCs provided free assistance to many businesses, especially smaller businesses, so they could do EDI with the U.S. Defense Department and other federal agencies.,The Georgia Instit

38、ute of Technology continues to operate one of these centers as the Georgia Tech Electronic Commerce Resource Center, which serves businesses in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee.,Between 1997 and 2000 more than 12,000 Inte

39、rnet-related businesses were started with more than $100 billion of investors' money. In an extended burst of optimism and what many came to describe as irrational exuberance, investors feared that they might miss th

40、e money-making opportunity of a lifetime.,1.4 The Dot-Com Boom, Bust, and Rebirth,As more investors competed for a fixed number of good ideas, the price of those ideas increased. Worse, a number of bad ideas were propose

41、d and funded. More than 5000 of these companies went out of business or were acquired in the downturn that began in 2000.,The media coverage of the "dot-com bust" was extensive. However, between 2000

42、 and 2003, more than $200 billion was invested in purchasing electronic commerce businesses that were in trouble and starting new online ventures, according to industry research firm Web Mergers.,This second wave of fina

43、ncial investment has not been reported extensively in either the general or business media, but it is fueling a rebirth of growth in online business activity.,After seeing so many new stories during the period from 2000

44、through 2002 proclaiming the death of electronic commerce, many people are surprised to find that the growth in online B2C sales had continued through that period, although at a slower pace than during the boom years of

45、the late 1990s.,hus, the "bust" that was so widely reported in the media was really more of a slowdown than a true collapse. After four years of doubling or tripling every year, growth in online sales slowed to

46、 an annual rate of 20 to 30 percent starting in 2001.,Most experts expect this growth rate to continue over the next several years.,One force driving the growth in online sales to consumers is the ever increasing number

47、of people who have access to the Internet. The Pew Internet & American Life Project (funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts) began conducting several long-term research projects in 2000 to study the growth of the Intern

48、et and its effects on society.,You can consult its Web site for the latest reports on these projects. In 2004, a Pew research project found that two-thirds of Internet users have purchased at least one item online.,Firms

49、 are interested in electronic commerce because, quite simply, it can help increase profits. Just as electronic commerce increases sales opportunities for the seller, it increases purchasing opportunities for the buyer.,1

50、.5 Advantages of Electronic Commerce,Businesses can use electronic commerce to identify new suppliers and business partners. Negotiating price and delivery terms is easier in electronic commerce because the Internet ca

51、n help companies efficiently obtain competitive bid information.,Electronic commerce increases the speed and accuracy with which businesses can exchange information,,which reduces costs on both sides of transactions.,Man

52、y companies are reducing their costs of handling sales inquiries, providing price quotes, and determining product availability by using electronic commerce in their sales support and order-taking processes.,The benefits

53、of electronic commerce extend to the general welfare of society. Electronic payments of tax refunds, public retirement, and welfare support cost less to issue and arrive securely and quickly when transmitted over the Int

54、ernet.,Furthermore, electronic payments can be easier to audit and monitor than payments made by check, providing protection against fraud and theft losses.,othe extent that electronic commerce enables people to telecomm

55、ute, everyone benefits from the reduction in commuter-caused traffic jam and pollution. Electronic commerce can also make products and services available in remote areas.,For example, distance education is making it poss

56、ible for people,to learn skills and earn degrees no matter where they live or which hours they are available for study.,Some business processes may never lend themselves to electronic commerce. For example, perishable fo

57、ods and high-cost, unique items, such as custom-designed jewelry, might be impossible to inspect adequately from a remote location, regardless of any technologies that might be devised in the future.,1.6 Disadvantages

58、of Electronic Commerce,Most of the disadvantages of electronic commerce today, however, stem from the newness and rapidly developing pace of the underlying technologies. These disadvantages will disappear as electronic c

59、ommerce matures and becomes more available to and accepted by the general population.,internal / in‘t?:nl / a. 內(nèi)在的, 國內(nèi)的 （[反]external 外部的）hire / hai? / n. 租金, 工錢, 租用, 雇用;

60、 vt. 雇請(qǐng), 出租; vi. 受雇interchange / int?'t?eind? / vt. (指兩人等)交換; v. 相互交換categorize / 'kætig?raiz / v. 加以類別, 分類,Vocabul

61、ary,participate / pɑ:‘tisipeit / vi. 參與, 參加, 分享, 分擔(dān)stero - prefix 表示“立體…”的意思procurement / pr?'kju?m?nt / n. 獲得, 取得rent /rent/ v. 租, 租借, 出租; n. 租金f

62、abrication / fæbri'kei??n / n. 制作, 構(gòu)成, 偽造物, 裝配工approximation / ?pr?ks?'mei??n / n. 接近, 走近, /數(shù)/近似值,engage / in'g

63、eid? / vt. 使忙碌, 雇傭, 預(yù)定, 使從事于, 使參加; vi. 答應(yīng), 從事, 交戰(zhàn), /機(jī)/接合, advent / 'ædv?nt/ n. (尤指不尋常的人或事) 出現(xiàn), 到來auction / '?:k??n / n. 拍賣; vt. 拍賣avenue / 'ævinj

64、u:/ n. 林蔭道, 大街, 方法, 途徑, 路innovation / in?u'vei??n / n. 改革, 創(chuàng)新invoice / 'inv?is / n. 發(fā)票, 發(fā)貨單, 貨物; v. 開發(fā)票, 記清單,instrumental / in

65、stru‘mentl / a.儀器的,器械的, 樂器的boom /bu:m/ n. 繁榮, 隆隆聲; v. 發(fā)隆隆聲, 興隆, 迅速發(fā)展bust / b?st / v. 破滅investor / in'vest? /

66、 n. 投資者optimism / ‘?ptimizm / n. 樂觀, 樂觀主義 （[反] pessimism 悲觀主義）irrational / i'ræ??nl / a. 無理性的,失去理性的exuberance / ig'zju:b?r?ns / n.茂盛,豐富,健康,downturn / 'daunt?:n /

67、 n. 低迷時(shí)期 venture /'vent??/ n. 冒險(xiǎn), 投機(jī), 風(fēng)險(xiǎn); v.冒險(xiǎn),冒昧,斗膽,膽敢(謙語)triple / 'tripl / n. 三倍數(shù), 三個(gè)一組; a. 三倍的;v.成三倍,增至三倍access / 'ækses / n.

68、通路, 訪問, 入門; vt. 存取, 接近bid /bid/ vt. 出價(jià),投標(biāo),祝愿,命令,吩咐; n. 出價(jià), 投標(biāo); v. 支付 quote / kw?ut / vt.引用,引證,提供,提出,報(bào)(價(jià)),audit / '?:dit / n. 審計(jì), 稽核, 查帳;

69、 vt. 稽核, 旁聽; vi. 查賬fraud / fr?:d / n. 欺騙, 欺詐行為, 詭計(jì), 騙子, 假貨;telecommute / telik?'mju:t / vi. (在家里通過使用與工作單位連接的計(jì)算機(jī)終端)遠(yuǎn)距離工作; vt. 通訊perishable / 'p