六級(jí)英文

1、1新概念三Lesson14Anoblegangster貴族歹徒ThereThereTherewaswaswasaatimetimetimewhenwhenwhentheownersofshopsbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinininreturnreturnreturnfffprotection.Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptlythe

2、gangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutoutoutofofofbusinessbusinessbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtainingprotectionmoneyisnotamoderncrime.AsAsAslonglonglongagoagoagoasasasthefourteenthcenturyanEnglishmanSirJohnHawkwoodmadetherema

3、rkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldwouldwouldratherratherratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifewkdestroyedbygangsters.SixhundredyearsagoSirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabofsoldierssettlednearFlence.Hesoonmademademadeaan

4、amenamenamefffhimselfhimselfhimselfcamecamecametototobebebeknownknownknowntotototheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancitystateswereatatatwarwarwarwithwithwitheachotherHawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowere

5、willingtopaythehighpricehedemed.InInIntimestimestimesofofofpeacewhenbusinesswasbadHawkwoodhismenwouldmarchintoacitystateafterburningburningburningdowndowndownafewfarmswouldofferofferoffertototogoawayifprotectionmoneywasp

6、aidtothem.Hawkwoodmademademadelargelargelargesumssumssumsofofofmoneymoneymoneyinthisway.InInInspitespitespiteofofofthisthisthistheItaliansregardedhimasastofhero.WhenhediedatatatthethetheageageageofofofeightytheFlentinesg

7、avehimastatefuneralhadapicturedpaintedwhichwasdedicatedtototothethethememymemymemyofofofthemostvaliantsoldiermostnotableleaderSignGiovanniHaukodue.曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取“保護(hù)“。如果交款不及時(shí)歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店讓他破產(chǎn).榨取“保護(hù)金“并

8、不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑.早在14世紀(jì)英國人約翰.霍克伍德就有過非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):“人們情愿拿出大筆的錢也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街?600年前約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊(duì)士兵來到意大利在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來很快就出了名.意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫托.每次意大利各城邦之間發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭霍克伍德把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價(jià)的君主。和平時(shí)期當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí)霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)然后提出如向他們繳納保護(hù)金他們便主動(dòng)撤離?；艨宋榈掠眠@種方法

9、掙了大筆錢.盡管如此意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。他80歲那年死去時(shí)佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國葬并為他畫像以紀(jì)念這位“驍勇無比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼.阿庫托先生.“Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeinthewld世界上最長的吊橋VerrazanoanItalianaboutwhomlittleisknownsailedintoNewYkHarbourin1524nameditAngouleme.Hede

10、scribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthestofwhichflowedagreatriver.ThoughVerrazanoisbybybynononomeansmeansmeansconsideredtobeagreatexplerhisnamewillprobablyremainimmtalfonNovember21st1964thelonge

11、stsuspensionbridgeinthewldwasnamednamednamedafterafterafterhim.TheVerrazanoBridgewhichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmannjoinsBrooklyntoStatenIsl.Ithasaspanof4260feet.Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakentakentakenin

12、tointointoaccountaccountaccountbyitsdesigner.Twogreattowerssupptfourhugecables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmenseunderwaterplatfmsmademademadeofofofsteelconcrete.Theplatfmsextendextendextendtototoadepthofover100feetunderthesea.T

13、hesealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.Abovethesurfaceofthewaterthetowersriseriserisetototoaheightofnearly700feet.Theysupptthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.EachEachEachofofofthefourcablescontains26108lengthsofwire.

14、Ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedpackedpackedwithwithwithcarsitwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.Howeversizestrengtharenottheonlyimptantthingsaboutthisbridge.Despiteitsimmensityitisbothsimpleeleg

15、antfulfillingitsdesignersdreamtocreateanenmousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible.1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港名為安古拉姆。他對(duì)該港作了這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對(duì)算不上一個(gè)偉大的探險(xiǎn)家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因?yàn)?964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最長的吊橋是以他

16、的名字命名。維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬.阿曼設(shè)計(jì)，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長4260英尺。由于橋身太長，設(shè)計(jì)者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼盤混凝土平臺(tái)上。平臺(tái)深入海底100英尺。僅這兩座塔就花了16個(gè)月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋，4根鋼纜中的每根由26，108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計(jì)，若橋上擺滿了汽車，也只不過是橋的總承載力的13。然而，這座橋重要特點(diǎn)不僅

17、是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造型優(yōu)美，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者企圖創(chuàng)造一個(gè)“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫出一個(gè)龐然大物”的夢(mèng)想。Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼爾.門多薩BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEngltwohundredyearsago.Inthosedaysboxersfoughtfoughtfoughtwithwithwithbarefistsfprizeprizeprizemoney

18、moneymoney.Becauseofthistheywereknownknownknownasasasprizefighters.Howeverboxingwasverycrudeftherewerenorulesaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredevenkilledduringamatch.OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistywasDanielMe

19、ndozawhowasbnin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewdrewdrewupupupthefirstsetofrules.ThoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighterMendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasptfhebroughtscie

20、ncetothegame.InInInhishishisdaydaydayMendozaenjoyedenjoyedenjoyedtremendoustremendoustremendouspopularitypopularitypopularity.Hewasadedbyrichpoalike.Mendozaroseroserosetototofamefamefameswiftlyafteraboxingmatchwhenhewaso

21、nlyfourteenyearsold.Thisattractedtheattentionof3philosophersbysellingwisdompriestsbysellingspiritualcomft.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodininintermstermstermsofofofmoneyitisextremelydifficulttoestima

22、tethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperfmfus.ThereThereTherearearearetimestimestimeswhenwhenwhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlivesyetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeefofferinguspreciselythisservice

23、.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidfinininthethethesamesamesamewaywaywaythatthatthatgoodsarepaidfatashop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptionexceptionexceptiontototothisthisthisgener

24、algeneralgeneralrulerulerule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanhumanhumanbeingsbeingsbeingstoarousethepityofpassersby.Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingtosellrequirenothingfromothers.Inseekingindependencetheydono

25、tsacrificetheirhumandignity.Atrampmayaskyoufmoneybuthewillneveraskyoutofeelfeelfeelsrysrysryfffhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsisfullyawareawareawareofofoftheconsequences.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealis

26、comingcomingcomingfromfromfrombutheisfreefreefreefromfromfromthethoussofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossiblefhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithwithwitheaseeaseease.Byhavingtosleepinininthet

27、hetheopenopenopenhegetsgetsgetsfarfarfarclosercloserclosertototothewldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Hemayhuntbegstealoccasionallytokeephimselfalivehemayevenininintimestimestimesofofofrealneeddoalittlewkbuthewillneversacrifi

28、cehisfreedom.Weoftenspeakspeakspeakofofoftrampswithcontemptputtheminthesameclassasbeggarsbuthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifetheirfreedomfromcare據(jù)說每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來維持生活。根據(jù)這種說法，教師靠賣

29、知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬敢飧冻鑫覀兯加械囊磺?。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。社會(huì)上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起

30、過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。游浪漢可能會(huì)向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、

31、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對(duì)流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？Lesson33Adaytoremember難忘的一天Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoesgoesgoeswrongwrongwrong.Adaymaybeginwelle

32、noughbutsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetgetgetoutoutoutofofofcontrolcontrolcontrol.Whatinvariablyhappensisthataagreatgreatgreatnumbernumbernumberofofofthingschoosetogowrongatpreciselythethethesamesamesamemomentmomentmoment.I

33、tisasifasingleunimptanteventsetsetsetupupupaachainchainchainofofofreactions.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealkeepingkeepingkeepinganananeyeeyeeyeonononthebabyatatatthethethesamesamesametimetimetime.Thetelephoneringsth

34、ismarksthepreludetoanananunfeseenunfeseenunfeseenseriesseriesseriesofofofcatastrophes.Whileyouareonononthethethephonephonephonethebabypullsthetableclothoffthetablesmashinghalfyourbestcrockerycuttinghimselfintheprocess.Yo

35、uhanghanghangupupuphurriedlyattendattendattendtototobabycrockeryetc.Meanwhilethemealgetsgetsgetsburntburntburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreduceyoutotearsyourhusbarrivesunexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.Thingscangogog

36、owrongwrongwrongonabigscaleasanumberofpeoplerecentlydiscoveredinParramattaasuburbofSydney.Duringtherushrushrushhourhourhouroneeveningtwocarscollidedbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomanimmediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedhappe

37、nedhappenedtototobebebealearner.Shesuddenlygotgotgotintointointoaapanicpanicpanicstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownfwardthecakewentrightthrough

38、thewindscreenledontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheairalry–driverwhowasdrawingdrawingdrawingupupupalongsidethecarpulledupallallallofofofaasuddensuddensudden.Thelrywasloadedloadedloadedwithwithwithemptybeerbottleshundre

39、dsofthemslidslidslidoffoffoffthebackofthevehicleontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhilethetrafficpiledpiledpiledupupupbehind.Ittookthepolicenearlyanhourtogetthetrafficonthemoveagain.InInInthethethemeantime

40、meantimemeantimethelrydriverhadtosweepuphundredsofbrokenbottles.Onlytwostraydogsbenefitedfromallthisconfusionftheygreedilydevouredwhatwasleftofthecake.Itwasjustoneofthosedays!我們大家都有過事事不順心的日子。一天開始時(shí)，可能還不錯(cuò)，但突然間似乎一切都失去了控制。情況

41、經(jīng)常是這樣的，許許多多的事情都偏偏趕在同一時(shí)刻出問題，好像是一件無關(guān)緊要的小事引起了一連串的連鎖反應(yīng)。假設(shè)你在做飯，同時(shí)又在照看孩子。這時(shí)電話鈴響了，它預(yù)示著一連串意想不到的災(zāi)難的來臨。就在你接電話時(shí)，孩子把桌布從桌子上扯了下來，將家中最好的陶瓷餐具半數(shù)摔碎，同時(shí)也弄傷了他自己。你急急忙忙掛上電話，趕去照看孩子和餐具。這時(shí)，飯又燒糊了。好像這一切還不足以使你急得掉淚，你的丈夫接著回來了，事先沒打招呼就帶來3個(gè)客人吃飯。就像許多人最近在悉