語法講義

1、1第一節(jié)第一節(jié)名詞語法名詞語法6既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)但意義不同的名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)但意義不同的名詞air空氣airs風(fēng)度，架勢arm手臂arms武器art藝術(shù)arts文科；人文科學(xué)authity權(quán)利；權(quán)威authities官方；當(dāng)局brain大腦brains智力chain鏈(條)chains鐐銬compliment恭維；稱贊compliments問候；致意condition狀況，狀態(tài)conditions條件；環(huán)境，形勢co

2、ngratulation祝賀congratulations祝賀詞content內(nèi)容；容量；滿足contents目錄convenience便利，方便conveniences便利設(shè)備custom習(xí)俗customs海關(guān)damage損害；毀壞damages賠償費(fèi)finding發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物findings調(diào)查(研究)結(jié)果fce力；力量；勢力fces兵力；軍隊(duì)glass玻璃glasses眼鏡height高；高度heights高地／處humanity

3、人類；人性humanities人文科學(xué)impt進(jìn)口；輸入impts進(jìn)口商品；要旨，含義interest興趣；關(guān)心；利息interests利益；利害instruction指導(dǎo)；指示instructions用法說明(書)；操作指南lesson功課；課lessons課程；教訓(xùn)liability責(zé)任；義務(wù)liabilities債務(wù)manner舉止；方式manners禮貌，風(fēng)度；規(guī)矩，風(fēng)俗mass大量；團(tuán)，塊masses群眾；質(zhì)量measure尺

4、寸，大小measures措施，辦法minute分鐘minutes會議記錄necessityobservationpainpaperpollproceedingprovisionquarterrailrespectruinsavingslackspecificationspirit必要／必然性；需要觀察；監(jiān)視疼痛紙民意測驗(yàn)行動；進(jìn)行供應(yīng)；準(zhǔn)備；規(guī)定四分之一欄桿，圍欄尊敬，尊重毀滅，崩潰儲蓄淡季，蕭條詳述精神，氣概necessitiesob

5、servationspainspaperspollsproceedingsprovisionsquartersrailsrespectsruinssavingsslacksspecificationsspirits必需品觀察資料或報(bào)告；言論努力，辛勞文件政治選舉，大選會議錄；學(xué)報(bào)給養(yǎng)，口糧方向；地區(qū)；住處鐵路；軌道敬意，問候廢墟，遺跡儲蓄金，存款便褲，運(yùn)動褲規(guī)格，說明書，規(guī)范情緒，心情；酒精，烈3lawderbreadbutterapp

6、lepieicecreamfolkknifewheelaxle輪軸needlethreadlovehateeggrice蛋炒飯Thewritertranslatisdeliveringaspeechinouruniversitytonight.(指同一個人)Thewriterthetranslataredeliveringaspeechinouruniversitytonight.（指兩個人）Ablackawhitedogareplay

7、ingintheyard.(指兩只狗)Ablackwhitedogisplayingintheyard.(指一只狗)6動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞性從句做主語時單數(shù)謂語Earlytobedearlytorisemakesonehealthywealthywise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)TowkhardisnecessaryWhatIsaiddidisofnoconcerntoyou.Readingthreeclassicalnovelsm

8、akingsomesocialinvestigationsareassignmentsfthestudentsduringtheholiday.(注意：指不同性質(zhì)的兩件事，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))7manyamethanone單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語仍用單數(shù)。Manyastudenthasmadesuchamistake.Methanonestrangeragreeswithme.[注意]在“me復(fù)數(shù)名詞thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂

9、語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Mepersonsthanonehavebeeninvolved.卷入其中的遠(yuǎn)不止一人。8由every…every…each…each…no…no…manya…manya…等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everymaneverywomanwkinghereisgettingalongwellwithme.Nodifficultynohardshiphasdiscouragedhim.9.由allofmostofhalf

10、ofalotofpartof等加名詞構(gòu)成的主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于該名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Allofusaregoingtoseethegame.AllofhistimewasspentongamblingThreefourthsofthepeopleareilliterate.同例：同例：plentyof…onefourthof…noneof…someof…majityof……percentof…therestof…reminderof….1

11、0.anumberof(atotalofanaverageof)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof(thetotaloftheaverageof)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Atotaloftenthousdollarsweredonatedlastmonth.Thetotalofdollarsdonatedlastmonthwas100000dollars.同例：同例：athevarietyof；athegroupof11