英國(guó)文學(xué)與文化資料收集(完全版)(打印版)

1、1.AnAnAnAnAppleAppleAppleAppleofofofofDiscdDiscdDiscdDiscd爭(zhēng)斗之源；不和之因；禍根爭(zhēng)斗之源；不和之因；禍根出自荷馬史詩(shī)Iliad中的希臘神話(huà)故事，常用來(lái)比喻anysubjectofdisagreementcontentiontherootofthetroubledispute等意義eg:Hethrowingusanappleofdiscdwesoonquarrelledagain

2、.Thedisputeaboutinheritingestatefmedanappleofdiscdbetweenthem.ThisproblemseemstobeanappleofdiscdbetweentheSovietuniontheUSA.2.The2.The2.The2.TheHeelHeelHeelHeelofofofofAchillesAchillesAchillesAchilles亦作亦作TheTheTheTheAchi

3、llesAchillesAchillesAchillesHeelHeelHeelHeel唯一弱點(diǎn)；薄弱環(huán)節(jié)；要害唯一弱點(diǎn)；薄弱環(huán)節(jié)；要害TheHeelofAchilles直譯是“阿基里斯的腳踵”，是個(gè)在歐洲廣泛流行的國(guó)際性成語(yǔ)。源自荷馬史詩(shī)Iliad中的希臘神話(huà)故事。在特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，阿基里斯驍勇無(wú)敵，所向披靡，殺死了特洛伊主將，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hect)，而特洛伊的任何武器都無(wú)法傷害他的身軀。后來(lái)，太陽(yáng)神阿波羅(Apollo)把阿基里

4、斯的弱點(diǎn)告訴了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯終于被帕里斯誘到城門(mén)口，用暗箭射中他的腳踵，負(fù)傷而死。常用以表示aweakpointinsomethingthatisotherwisewithoutfaulttheweakestspot等意思。eg:TheshtageofftitudeishisheelofAchilles.HisAchillesheelwashispridehewouldgetveryangryifanyonecriticiz

5、edhiswk.3.HelenofTroy3.Helen3.Helen3.Helen3.HelenofofofofTroyTroyTroyTroy直譯直譯““““特洛伊的海倫特洛伊的海倫““““，源自源自荷馬史詩(shī)，源自源自荷馬史詩(shī)IliadIliadIliadIliad中的希臘神話(huà)故事。中的希臘神話(huà)故事。正是由于海輪，使特洛伊遭到毀滅的悲劇，所謂“傾國(guó)傾城”，由此產(chǎn)生了HelenofTroy這個(gè)成語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，HelenofTroy這

6、個(gè)成語(yǔ)，除了表示abeautifulgirlwomanabeautywhoruinshercountry等意義外，還可以用來(lái)表示aterribledisasterbroughtbysbsthyoulikebest的意思。eg:ItisunfairthathistiansalwaysattributethefallofkingdomstoHelenofTroy.Shedidntthinkofthebeautifulumbrellaboug

7、htthedaybefeshouldbecomeaHelenofTroyinherfamily.Becauseofthissheherhusbquarreledfalongtime.4.The4.The4.The4.TheTrojanTrojanTrojanTrojanHseHseHseHse木馬計(jì)；暗藏的危險(xiǎn)；奸細(xì)木馬計(jì)；暗藏的危險(xiǎn)；奸細(xì)TheTrojanHse直譯“特洛伊木馬“，是個(gè)國(guó)際性成語(yǔ)，在世界各主要語(yǔ)言中都有。來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)eq

8、unsTrojanus。這個(gè)成語(yǔ)出自荷馬史詩(shī)《奧德賽》。希臘人和特洛伊人交戰(zhàn)10年之久，勝負(fù)未決。最后，希臘著名的英雄奧德修斯(Odusseus)想出了一個(gè)木馬計(jì)……TheTrojanHse經(jīng)過(guò)不斷引用而成為一個(gè)廣泛流傳的成語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)比喻thehiddendangerthecovertwreckers（內(nèi)奸）toengageinunderhactivities等的意義。eg:Thesuperpowersarealwayssendingt

9、heTrojanhsestomanycountriesinthewld.TheyaredefeatedonlybecauseoftheTrojanhseintheircountry.TheTheTheTheRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissancePeriodPeriodPeriodPeriodFrancisFrancisFrancisFrancisBaconBaconBaconBaconJ

10、ohnJohnJohnJohnDonneDonneDonneDonneJohnJohnJohnJohnMiltonMiltonMiltonMilton1.1.1.1.RenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissance:between14th17thcentury.2.2.2.2.RenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissancemeansmeansmeansme

11、ansrebirthrevivalisactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhisticaleventssuchas:TherediscoveryofancientancientancientancientRomanRomanRomanRomanGreekGreekGreekGreekculturecultureculturecultureThenewdiscoveriesingeographyge

12、ographygeographygeographyastrologyastrologyastrologyastrology(占星學(xué))，Thereligiousreligiousreligiousreligiousrefmationrefmationrefmationrefmation(教改革)theeconomiceconomiceconomiceconomicexpansionexpansionexpansionexpansion(濟(jì)

13、擴(kuò)張).3.3.3.3.TheRenaissancetherefeinessenceisahisticalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersScholarsmadeattempttogetgetgetgetridridridridofofofofthosethosethosethoseoldoldoldoldfeudalistfeudalistfeudalistfeudalistideasi

14、deasideasideas(擺脫這些舊的封建思想)inMedievalEurope(中世紀(jì)的歐洲)tointroduceintroduceintroduceintroducenewnewnewnewideasideasideasideasthatthatthatthatexpressedexpressedexpressedexpressedthethethethepuritypuritypuritypurityofofofofthet

15、hethetherisingrisingrisingrisingbourgeoisiebourgeoisiebourgeoisiebourgeoisie(表達(dá)了新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的純度)torecoverrecoverrecoverrecoverthethethethepuritypuritypuritypurityofofofofthethethetheearlyearlyearlyearlychurchchurchchurchchurch

16、(恢復(fù)早期教會(huì)的純度)fromthecruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.TheTheTheThereligiousreligiousreligiousreligiousrefmationrefmationrefmationrefmation（宗教改革）intheearly16thcenturyEnglwasareflectionoftheclassstruggleswagedbytherisingrisin

17、grisingrisingbourgeoisiebourgeoisiebourgeoisiebourgeoisieagainstagainstagainstagainstthethethethefeudalfeudalfeudalfeudalclassclassclassclassitsitsitsitsideologyideologyideologyideology(新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)反對(duì)封建階級(jí)和它的意識(shí)形態(tài))4.4.4.4.Humani

18、smHumanismHumanismHumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissanceTheessenceofhumanismistoemphasizehumanqualities(強(qiáng)調(diào)人文素質(zhì))(1)(1)(1)(1)Capableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection.(2)(2)(2)(2)Theyinhabitedwastheirsnottodes

19、pisebytoquestionexpleenjoy.(3)(3)(3)(3)TomasMeChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativeoftheEnglishhumanist.5555MetaphysicalMetaphysicalMetaphysicalMetaphysicalpoetrypoetrypoetrypoetry(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)歌):Metaphysi

20、calisacterizedbypassionatethoughtsuccessionofconcentratedimageexerciseofelabateingenuity“wit”（精心的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和“巧智）JohnDonnewasthefamousoftheMetaphysicalpoet.TheMetaphysicalPoetsweremenoflearningtoshowtheirlearningwastheirendeav（努

21、力）.####EdmundEdmundEdmundEdmundSpenserSpenserSpenserSpenser埃得蒙斯賓塞Masterpiece杰作:TheFaerieQueene(allegy寓言)####ChristopherChristopherChristopherChristopherMarloweMarloweMarloweMarlowe克利斯朵夫馬洛（Universitywits大學(xué)的智慧）1111Imptantp

22、lays:TambulaineDr.FaustusTheJewofMalta2222MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceofinfinitepowersauthity(1)(1)(1)(1)Perfectedtheblankverse.(2)(2)(2)(2)CreationoftheRenaissanceherotoEnglishdramaitembodiesMar

23、lowe’sidealofhumandignitycapacity.3333Dr.Faustus:aspiringfknowledgetheplay’sdominantmalishumanratherthanreligiousitcelebratesthehumanpassionfknowledgepowerhappinessitalsorevealsman’sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspiratio

24、ninahostilemaldertheconfinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman’scondition.4444ThestatementthatamangainedthewholewldbutlosthisownsoulmakesagoodsummaryofthemainplotofTheTragicHistyofDoctFaustus####WilliamWilliamWilliamWilliam

25、ShakespeareShakespeareShakespeareShakespeare1111.Wks:154sons38plays2longpoemsComedy:MerchantofVenice.22224greattragedies:HamletHamletHamletHamletOthelloOthelloOthelloOthelloKingKingKingKingLearLearLearLearMacbethMacbethM