2018年1月美中貿易公報（英文版）2018.1-18頁

1、January82018ThisissueoftheEconomicsTradeBulletinwaspreparedbyNargizaSalidjanovaHanMayChanMichelleKerKatherineKoleskiSeanO’ConnSuzannaStephensMattSnyder.Finquiriespleasecontactusat.U.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommissio

2、n1HighlightsofThisMonth’sEdition?Bilateraltrade:TheU.S.tradedeficitingoodswithChinatotaled$35.4billioninNovember2017itshighestmonthlylevelinthepasttwoyearsa16.2percentincreaseyearonyear.?Bilateralpolicyissues:PresidentTr

3、umpissuesNationalSecurityStrategycallingfmeassertivepoliciestocombatChineseinfluencecampaignseconomiccoerciontheU.S.governmentispursuingmultilateralbilateralapproachestoconfrontChina’smarketdisttingsupptfsectssuchassteel

4、aluminum.?PolicytrendsinChina’seconomy:AttheCentralEconomicWkConferenceChineseleadersmaintainlastyear’sfocusonfinancialriskssupplysidestructuralrefmbutplacelessemphasisondeleveragingIMFcitesChina’screditgrowthregulationi

5、mplicitcreditguaranteesfrombanksgovernmentactsastopconcernsinitsmostrecentfinancialsystemstabilityrept.?Sectfocus–ConsumerGoods:U.S.consumergoodsexptstoChinaexperienceconsistentgrowthfrom2003to2016despiteaccountingfasmal

6、lptionofU.S.exptstoChinaonDecember1theChinesegovernmentcuttariffsonseveralproductsincludingtopU.S.consumergoodexpts.ContentsBilateralTrade..................................................................................

7、..........................................................................2U.S.GoodsDeficitwithChinaExps16.2PercentinNovember2017............................................................2BilateralPolicyIssues.........

8、.......................................................................................................................................22017NationalSecurityStrategyWarnsofIncreasedEconomicThreatsfromChina................

9、...........................2ContinuedStateSupptExacerbatesGlobalExcessCapacity..............................................................................3PolicyTrendsinChina’sEconomy...................................

10、.........................................................................................4CentralEconomicWkConferenceKeepsFocusonContainingFinancialRisks...............................................4TheInternationalMoa

11、ryFundFinancialSystemStabilityReptConfrontsChina’s“GrayRhinos”.............5SectFocus:ConsumerGoods.........................................................................................................................

12、........7CellPhonesOtherHouseholdGoods..............................................................................................................9PharmaceuticalPreparations.............................................

13、....................................................................................11ToiletriesCosmetics...................................................................................................................

14、...................12U.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommission3intoU.S.innovationthreatentoerodetheUnitedStates’longtermcompetitiveadvantageinkeyindustries.7?Increasedfeigninvestment:ThedocumentnamesChinaRussiaascountrie

15、sthatusetheirfeigninvestmentsnotfeconomicpurposesbutratherto“expinfluencegaincompetitiveadvantagesagainsttheUnitedStates.”8PartiallyinresponsetotheseChineseinvestmentefftsthestrategystatesthattheUnitedStateswillpursuefre

16、erfairermereciprocaleconomicrelationships.9TheAdministrationalsopromisesto“wkwiththeCongresstostrengthentheCommitteeonFeignInvestmentintheUnitedStates(CFIUS)toensureitaddressescurrentfuturenationalsecurityrisks”while“mai

17、ntaininganinvestfriendlyclimate.”10?Influenceoperationsabroad:TheNSSoutlinesthethreatsposedbycompetitswho“weaponizedinfmationtoattackthevaluesinstitutionsthatunderpinfreesocieties…[]exploitmarketingtechniquestotargetindi

18、vidualsbasedupontheiractivitiesinterestsopinionsvalues.”11Chinaisspecificallycitedfitsuseofdataartificialintelligencetoinfluencethebehavisofitscitizens.ThedocumentcallsftheU.S.privatesecttosupptamplifyvoicesoftoleranceop

19、ennessfreedomaroundthewld.12?Increasingpresenceabroad:ThedocumentcitestheChinesegovernment’sefftstoexpitsinfluenceinAfricaLatinAmericaAsiawhereitseekstounderminedevelopmentefftssupptcruptauthitariangovernmentspromoteunfa

20、irtradesystems.InresponsethestrategycallsftheUnitedStatestohelpfeigngovernmentsbecomemeintegratedinthewldeconomyimprovepoliticalstabilityreducevulnerabilitytoextremists.13ContinuedStateSupptExacerbatesGlobalExcessCapacit

21、yChina’sstateledeconomicmodelfinancestherapidexpansionofcapacityproductioningovernmentedindustriessuchassteel?aluminumsolar.?FrustratedbythemarketdisttionsthesepoliciescreatetheUnitedStatestheEUJapanmadeajointstatementon

22、December122017attheWldTradeganization’s(WTO)EleventhMinisterialConference.AlthoughlargelydirectedatChinathestatementdoesnotmentionChinabyname:Wesharedtheviewthatsevereexcesscapacityinkeysectsexacerbatedbygovernmentfinanc

23、edsupptedcapacityexpansionunfaircompetitiveconditionscausedbylargemarketdisttingsubsidiesstateownedenterprisesfcedtechnologytransferlocalcontentrequirementspreferencesareseriousconcernsftheproperfunctioningofinternationa

24、ltradethecreationofinnovativetechnologiesthesustainablegrowthoftheglobaleconomy.WetoaddressthiscriticalconcernagreedtoenhancetrilateralcooperationintheWTOinotherfumsasappropriatetoeliminatetheseotherunfairmarketdisttingp

25、rotectionistpracticesbythirdcountries.14InsteelChina’ssubsidizationotherstatesupptgeneratedroughlythreequartersofthewld’sexpansioninsteelcapacityfrom2000to2014contributingtomassiveglobalexcesscapacityproduction.15Chinaha

26、smadeincrementalstepsinthelasttwoyearstoreininitsexcesscapacitybutthestatecontinuestostepinbailoutlossmakingsteelfirms—reinfcingtheverysamedriversthatexacerbatedtheglobalexcesscapacityproductioncrises.16In2016globalexces

27、ssteelcapacityreached737millionmetrictons—itshighesthisticalFmeinfmationonChina’sstateledeconomicmodelseeU.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommissionChapter4Section1“China’sPursuitofDominanceinComputingRoboticsBiotechnology

28、”in2017AnnualRepttoCongressNovember2017509–515.:www.uscc.govsitesdefaultfilesAnnual_ReptChaptersChapter%204%2C%20Section%201%20%20China%27s%20Pursuit%20of%20Dominance%20in%20Computing%2C%20Robotics%2C%20%20Biotechnology.

29、pdf.?FadditionalinfmationonChina’sovercapacityseeU.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommissionChapter1Section2“StateOwnedEnterprisesOvercapacityChina’sMarketEconomyStatus”in2016AnnualRepttoCongressNovember2016103–114.:www.us

30、cc.govsitesdefaultfilesAnnual_ReptChaptersChapter%201%2C%20Section%202%20%20StateOwned%20Enterprises%2C%20Overcapacity%2C%20%20China%27s%20Market%20Economy%20Status.pdf.?FindepthanalysisofChina’swindsolarpoliciesseeIacob

31、KochWeserEthanMeick“China’sWindSolarSects:TrendsinDeploymentManufacturingEnergyPolicy”U.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommissionMarch92015.:www.uscc.govsitesdefaultfilesResearchStaff%20Rept_China%27s%20Wind%20%20Solar%20S