2017高一英語定語從句講解

1、1定語從句講解定語從句講解1定語從句：復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevasewhichwasveryreasonable.Thosewhowkhardwillmakeprogress.2先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。1）關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有thatwhichwhowhomw

2、hoseas等；關(guān)系副詞有whenwherewhy等。2）關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghswithmyfatherisapoliceman.該句whoisshakinghswithmyfather是定語從句，修飾先行詞theman，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theman，在定語從句中作主語。（二）關(guān)系代詞

3、引導(dǎo)的定語從句（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1who指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。Theprofess(whom)youarewaitingfhascome.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。Thegirl

4、(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonit.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。但直接介詞后只用whom不可省略。Theman(whomwho)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowismyoldfriend.（whom不可省略）3which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略?；蛟诜?/p>

5、限制定語從句中代替整個主句。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Hefailedtheexamagainwhichmadehisfatherangry.4that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴henumberofpeoplethatwhocometo

6、visitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereistheman(thatwhom)Isawthismning我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？YesterdayIreceivedaletterthatwhichcamefromAustralia.5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語定語。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountr

7、y.我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學(xué)家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Weliveinahouse__________windowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse___________thewindowsfacethesea.Weliveinahousethewindows__________face

8、theseaWeliveinabeautifulhousethewindows_________facetheseaDoyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow=_____________________=_________________（三）（三）“介詞介詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(whichthat)h

9、eoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。Thisistheboy(whomwhothat)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIwkin

10、paysmuchattentiontoimprovingourwkingconditions.=ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIwkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourwkingconditions.注意：１含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookflookaftertakecareof等。3受everyanyallsomenolittlefewmuch等代詞修飾時

11、。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandofyou.我不能為你干什么。Hestayedinthelibrarylookedupanyinfmationthattheyneeded.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：Anymantha

12、twhohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhatwhowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimptantpeople.2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。3當(dāng)先行詞

13、被theverytheonly，thelast修飾時。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Afterthefireinhishousetheoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.4當(dāng)先行

14、詞前面有whowhich等疑問代詞時。如：Whoisthemanthatisstingbythegate站在門口的那個人是誰？WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost哪件T恤衫最合我的身？5當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。如：TheytalkedaboutthepersonsthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestre

15、et.另外：1)直接介詞后只用whichwhom作定語可用whose，不用who和that2)that不引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句3）that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為。①先行詞為allanyoneoneones等時。如：等時。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為②先行詞為thosehe和people時。如：時。如：Thosewhowantto

16、gopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.（二）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：1.as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：Hemarriedheraswhichwasnatural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是

17、很自然的事。Heishonestaswhichwecansee.他很誠實，這一點我們看得出來。2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義，用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)

18、料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefe如上所說asismentionedabove正如上面提到的As（不用which）isknowntoallChinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouthas（可用which）wecanknowfromhisaccent.Johnasyouknowisafamouswriter.正如你所知，約翰是個著名作家。Zhan

19、gHuahasbeentoParismethantentimeswhichIdon’tbelieve.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwaslatefschoolagainagainwhich(不用as)madehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetalwhichmadethemve