華中科技大學(xué)2014年考博英語-真題-答案

1、1考試時間2014年3月22日星期六下午2:005:00原創(chuàng)作者qq347952582SinceWouldWarIIconsiderableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealthcareservices.Theseincludebetteraccesstohealthcare(particularlyfthepominities)improvementsinphysicalplantsincrease

2、dnumbersofphysiciansotherhealthpersonnel.Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlifeexpectancy.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelargeremaininggapsinaccessunbridledcostinflationthefurtherfragmentationofserviceexcessivei

3、ndulgenceinwastefulhightechnology“gadgeteering”abreakdownindoctpatientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasnewprogramssmalllargehaveproliferatedatafeverishpacedisappointmentsmultiplyatalmostthesamerate.Thishasledto

4、anincreasedpessimism—“everythinghasbeentriednothingwks”—whichsometimesbdersoncynicismevennihilism.Itistruethattheautomatic“passthrough”ofrapidlyspiralingcoststogovernmentinsurancecarrierswhichwassetinapublicizedenvironme

5、ntof“therichestnationinthewld”producedfatimeasenseofunlimitedresourcesallowedtodevelopamoodwherebyeverypractitionerinstitutioncould“dohisownthing”withoutundueconcernfthe“MedicalCommons.”Thepracticeoffullcostreimbursement

6、encouragedcapitalinvestmentnowtheindustryisovercapitalized.Manycitieshavehundredsofexcesshospitalbedshospitalshaveproliferatedasuperabundanceofhightechnologyequipmentstructuralostentationluxurywerethederoftheday.Inanygiv

7、endayonefourthofallcommunitybedsarevacantexpensiveequipmentisunderusedwseusedunnecessarily.Capitalinvestmentbringsrapidlyrisingoperatingcosts.Yetinpartthispessimismderivesfromexpectingtoomuchofhealthcare.Itmustberealized

8、thatcareisfmostpeopleapainfulexperienceoftenaccompaniedbyfearunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomfimprovementhealthcarewillalwaysretainsomeunpleasantnessfrustration.Meoverthecapacitiesofmedicalsciencearelimited.Humpt

9、yDumptycannotalwaysbeputbacktogetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatientstoomanypatientsfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Nisittruethateverythinghasbeentriednothingwksasshownbythepr

10、epaidgrouppracticeplansoftheKaiserFoundationatPugetSound.Inthemainhoweversuchundertakingshavebeendrownedbyaveritablefloodofpublicprivatemoneyswhichhavesupptedencouragedthecontinuationofconventionalpracticessubsidizedthei

11、rshtcomingsonamassivealmostunrestrictedscale.Exceptfthemostidealisticdedicatedtherewerenoincentivestoseekchangetopracticeselfrestraintfrugality.Inthisatmosphereitisnotfairtocondemnasfailuresallattemptedexperimentsitmaybe

12、meaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.1.TheauthimpliesthattheKaiserFoundationPugetSoundplans(lines4748)differedfromotherplansby3again”meansthat(A)thecostofhealthcareserviceswillnotdecline(B)somepeopleshouldnotbecomedocts

13、(C)medicalcareisnotreallyessentialtogoodhealth(D)illnessisoftenunpleasantevenpainful(E)medicalsciencecannotcureeveryill7.Withwhichofthefollowingdeionsofthesystemfthedeliveryofhealthcareserviceswouldtheauthmostlikelyagree

14、(A)Itisbiasedinfavofdoctsagainstpatients.(B)Itishighlyfragmentedcompletelyineffective(C)Ithasnotembracednewtechnologyrapidlyenough(D)Itisgenerallyeffectivebutcanbeimproved(E)Itdiscouragespeoplefromseekingmedicalcare8.Whi

15、chofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalstructureoftheion(A)Thethirdparagraphisintendedasarefutationofthefirstsecondparagraphs.(B)Thesecondthirdparagraphsexplainputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.(C)Thesec

16、ondthirdparagraphsexplainputintoperspectivethepointsmadeinthefirstparagraph.(D)Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblemthesecondthirdparagraphspresenttwohnsofadilemma.(E)Thefirstparagraphdescribesaproblemtheseconditscausesthet

17、hirdapossiblesolution.9.Theauth’sprimaryconcernisto(A)criticizephysicianshealthcareadministratsfinvestingintechnologicallyadvancedequipment(B)examinesomeproblemsaffectingdeliveryofhealthcareservicesassesstheirseverity(C)

18、defendthemedicalcommunityfromgesthathealthcarehasnotimprovedsinceWldWarII(D)analyzethereasonsfthehealthcareindustry’sinabilitytoprovidequalitycaretoallsegmentsofthepopulation(E)describethepeculiareconomicfeaturesofthehea