高考必備高中化學(xué)方程式大全(分類)

1、1高中化學(xué)方程式大全高中化學(xué)方程式大全一、非金屬單質(zhì)一、非金屬單質(zhì)（F2，Cl2O2SN2PCSi，H）1、氧化性：F2H2===2HF(陰暗處爆炸)F2Xe(過量)==XeF22F2(過量)Xe==XeF4(XeF4是強(qiáng)氧化劑，能將Mn2氧化為MnO4–)nF22M===2MFn(M表示大部分金屬)2F22H2O===4HFO2(水是還原劑)2F22NaOH===2NaFOF2H2OF22NaCl===2NaFCl2F22NaBr==

2、=2NaFBr2F22NaI===2NaFI27F2(過量)I2===2IF7F2Cl2(等體積)===2ClF(ClF屬于類鹵素：ClFH2O==HFHClO)3F2(過量)Cl2===2ClF3(ClF33H2O==3HFHClO3)Cl2H22HCl(將H2在Cl2點(diǎn)燃；混合點(diǎn)燃、加熱、光照發(fā)生爆炸)3Cl22P2PCl3Cl2PCl3PCl5Cl22Na2NaCl3Cl22Fe2FeCl3Cl2CuCuCl2Cl22FeCl2=

3、==2FeCl3(在水溶液中：Cl22Fe2===2Fe33Cl)?Cl22NaBr===2NaClBr2ClCl22Br2Br=2Cl=2ClBrBr2??Cl22KI===2KClI2ClCl22I2I=2Cl=2ClII2??3Cl2(過量)2KI3H2O===6HClKIO33ClCl2II–3H3H2O=6HO=6H6Cl6Cl–IOIO3–5Cl2I26H2O===2HIO310HCl5Cl5Cl2II26H6H2O=10C

4、lO=10Cl–IOIO3–12H12HCl2Na2S===2NaClS↓ClCl2SS2–=2Cl=2Cl–SS↓Cl2H2S===2HClS↓(水溶液中：ClCl2HH2S=2HS=2H2Cl2Cl–SS↓Cl2SO22H2O===H2SO42HClClCl2SOSO22H2H2O=4HO=4HSOSO42–2Cl2Cl–Cl2H2O2===2HClO2ClCl2HH2O2=2H=2HClCl–OO22O23FeFe3O4O2K==

5、=KO2SH2H2S2SCCS2SZnZnSSFeFeS(既能由單質(zhì)制取，又能由離子制取)S2CuCu2S(只能由單質(zhì)制取，不能由離子制取)3S2AlAl2S3(只能由單質(zhì)制取，不能由離子制取)N23H2催化劑高溫高壓2NH3N23MgMg3N2N23CaCa3N2N23BaBa3N2N26Na2Na3NN22Al2AlNH22Li2LiH2、還原性SO2SO2SH2SO4(濃)3SO2↑2H2OS6HNO3(濃)H2SO46NO2↑2

6、H2OS4HS4H6==6NO6==6NO2↑2H2H2OO24SO3S4HNO3(稀)3SO24NO↑2H2O3S4H3S4H443SO3SO24NO4NO↑2H2H2O?3NON2O22NO4P5O2P4O10(常寫成P2O5)2P3X22PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）PX3X2PX5P420HNO3(濃)4H3PO420NO2↑4H2OC2F2CF4C2Cl2CCl43FeSnCl4===FeCl2SnCl2(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下

7、不能把四氯化錫完全還原為單質(zhì)錫FeSnCl2==FeCl2Sn↓FeSnFeSn22=Fe=Fe22SnSn↓三非金屬氫化物三非金屬氫化物(HFHClH2OH2SNH3)金屬氫化物(NaH)1、還原性:4HCl(濃)MnO2MnCl2Cl2↑2H2O4H4H2Cl2Cl–MnOMnO2MnMn22ClCl2↑2H2H2O4HCl(濃)PbO2PbCl2Cl2↑2H2O4H4H2Cl2Cl–PbOPbO2PbPb22ClCl2↑2H2H2

8、O4HCl(g)O22Cl22H2O16HCl2KMnO4===2KCl2MnCl25Cl2↑8H2O1616H10Cl10Cl2MnO2MnO4–=2Mn=2Mn225Cl5Cl2↑8H8H26HClKClO3==KCl3Cl2↑3H2O6H6H5Cl5Cl–ClOClO3–=3Cl=3Cl2↑3H3H2O14HClK2Cr2O7===2KCl2CrCl33Cl2↑7H2O14H14H6Cl6Cl–CrCr2O72–=2Cr=2Cr3

9、35Cl5Cl2↑7H7H2O2H2O2F2===4HFO22HClF2=2HFCl2(F2氣與HCl、HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)2HBrCl2=2HClBr2(Cl2氣與HBr、HI、H2S、NH3氣體不能共存)2H2S3O2(足量)2SO22H2O2H2SO2(少量)2S↓2H2O2H2SSO2===3S↓2H2OH2SH2SO4(濃)===S↓SO2↑2H2O3H2S2HNO3(稀)===3S↓2NO↑4H2O3H

10、3H2S2HS2H2NO2NO3–=3S=3S↓2NO2NO↑4H4H2O5H2S2KMnO43H2SO4===2MnSO4K2SO45S↓8H2O5H5H2S2MnOS2MnO4–6H6H=2Mn=2Mn225S5S↓8H8H2O3H2SK2Cr2O74H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3K2SO43S↓7H2O3H3H2SCrSCr2O72–8H8H===2Cr===2Cr333S3S↓7H7H2OH2S4Na2O22H2O===Na

11、2SO46NaOHH2S4Na2O22H2O=8Na?24SO?OH2NH33CuO3CuN23H2O2NH33Cl2===N26HCl8NH33Cl2===N26NH4ClNH3NaNO2HCl==NaClN2↑2H2ONHNH3NONO2–HH=N=N2↑2H2H2O4NH33O2(純氧)2N26H2O4NH35O2催化劑△4NO6H2O4NH36NO===5N26H2O(用氨清除NO)NaHH2O===NaOHH2↑(生氫劑)Na

12、HHNaHH2O=NaO=NaOHOH–HH2↑4NaHTiCl4Ti4NaCl2H2↑CaH22H2O=Ca(OH)2↓2H2↑2、酸性:4HFSiO2===SiF42H2O（可測定礦樣或鋼樣中SiO2的含量，玻璃雕刻）4HFSi===SiF42H2↑2HFCaCl2===CaF22HClH2SFe===FeS↓H2↑H2SCuCl2===CuS↓2HCl(弱酸制強(qiáng)酸的典型反應(yīng))H2SCuSCu22=CuS=CuS↓2H2HH2S2A

13、gNO3===Ag2S↓2HNO3H2S2AgS2Ag=Ag=Ag2S↓2H2HH2SHgCl2===HgS↓2HClH2SHgSHg22=HgS=HgS↓2H2HH2SPb(NO3)2===PbS↓2HNO3(鉛試紙檢驗(yàn)空氣中H2S)H2SPbSPb22=PbS=PbS↓2H2HH2S2Ag===Ag2SH2↑(銀器在空氣中變黑的原因)2NH3(液)2Na==2NaNH2H2↑(NaNH2H2O===NaOHNH3↑)3、NH3的堿性

14、：NH3HX===NH4X(X：F、Cl、Br、I、S)NH3HNO3===NH4NO3NHNH3HH=NH=NH42NH3H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4NHNH3HH=NH=NH4NH3NaClH2OCO2===NaHCO3NH4Cl（侯德榜制堿：用于工業(yè)制備小蘇打，蘇打）NH3H2S==NH4HSNHNH3HH2S=S=NHNH4HSHS4、不穩(wěn)定性：2HFH2F22HClH2Cl22H2O2H2O22H2O2===2H2OO2