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1、英語國家概況社會文化入門英語國家概況社會文化入門只作參考答案，不是標準答案。只作參考答案，不是標準答案。Unit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUKI1.WhatwastheBritishEmpireWhatdoyouknowaboutitInwhatwayistheEmpirestillfeltinBritainintheinternationalfield1)TheBritishEmpirecomprisedthed

2、ominionscoloniesprotectatesmatesotherterritiesruledadministeredbytheUnitedKingdom.2)Theeffectoftheoldimperialroleliesin4aspects.FirstBritainstillhaveacloserelationshipwiththecountrieswhichusedtobeapartofempireinaganizati

3、oncalledCommonwealthofNations.SecondBritainhadbeenamemberofEuropeanUnionsince1973whichismeimptanttodayinBritain’sinternationalrelationship.ThirdBritainisstillarelativelywealthycountryamemberoftheGroupofSevenlargedevelope

4、deconomies.Fourththeobviouseffectliesinthemakeuppopulation.ImmigrationfromsomeofthoseCommonwealthcountrieshasproducedapopulationofwhich1in20areofnonEuropeanethnicity.2.WhydoestheauthsaythatitisnotpossibletosumuptheBritis

5、hpeoplewithafewsimplephrasesBecauseBritainismadeupofdifferentelements.Firstingeographyitincludes4parts:EnglScotlWalesNthernIrel.Seconditisamultiracialsociety.Therearemanydifferentculturesreligions.Thirditisasocietywithob

6、viousclassstructureeveryclassisquitedifferentinallwaysfexample:accentclothsoon.3.“Britishhistyhasbeenahistyofinvasion.”pleaseillustratethispointwiththeexamplesfromthetext.HowdideachoftheinvasionsinfluenceEnglishculture.I

7、n3000BCBritainwassettledbyIberianswholeftStonehenge.From8thBCto1stcenturyBritainwasinvadedbyCeltswhobroughtScottishIrishGealictoBritainbroughtthenameofBritain.From43to410BritainwasinvadedbyRomanswhomadegreatcontributiont

8、oBritain.FirsttheybroughtChristianitytoBritain.SecondmanyEnglishplacenamewereiginatesfromtheLatinwd.Thirdtheyweremarvelousatbuildingroads.TracesoftheseroadsstillremaininEnglWales.FourththeymadegooduseofBritain’snaturalre

9、sources.Theybuiltbathstemplesbeautifulvillaslargehouseswithheatedflosindoplumbingbeautifulmosaicflos.From449to8thcenturyBritainwasinvadesbyAngloSaxons.TheirlanguagebecameoldEnglishthatisthebasisofmodernEnglish.theybrough

10、ttheirTeutomicreligiontoBritain.ThenamesofTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridayderivefromtheirGods.In8th1066BritainwasinvadedbyVikings.in1066BritainwasinvadesbyNmans.4.WhataresomegeneralacteristicsofScotl(P7Scotl第一第二段第一第二段)howd

11、idScotlbecomepartoftheunionofGreatBritain(P8前3句)Scotlisthesecondlargestofthefournationsbothinpopulationingeographicalarea.ItisalsothemostconfidentofitsownidentitybecausealoneamongstthenonEnglishcomponentsoftheUKithasprev

12、iouslyspentasubstantialperiodofhistyasaunifiedstateindependentoftheUK.ThusitisnotabigleapftheScottishtoimaginethemselvesindependentagain.PhysicallyScotlisthemostruggedpartoftheUKwithareasofsparselypopulatedmountainslakes

13、inthenth(TheHighls)inthesouth(TheSouthernUpls).Threequartersofthepopulationlivesinthelowlzonewhichspansthecountrybetweenthese3.DifferentpartiesgroupsintheUnitedKingdomhavedifferentsolutionstothepoliticalprobleminNthernIr

14、el.Pleasesumuptheirdifferentattitudes.1)MargaretThatchersgovernmentdidnotgiveintothisdemfpoliticalstatus11prisonersstarvedtodeath.2)ThiseventrevitalisedthepoliticalcampaignofSinnFeinthelegalpoliticalpartywhichsupptstheIR

15、Asrighttofight.ItsleadersspokeofatwincampaignfunionwithIrelbothpoliticalmilitarywhichtheycalledthepolicyof“TheBullettheBallotBox“.4.WhatdoyouthinkshouldbetherightsolutiontothepolicalprobleminNthernIrel1)Peacedevelopmenti

16、stherequirementofthetimes，Peacecannotbegotthroughcompulsywaysinsteadconsultationdialoguearewaystosolveproblems.2)Thekeyofsolvingthehisticalproblemistakingthepolicywhichisfromautonomytoselfdetermination.Unit3:TheGovernmen

17、tofUnitedKingdom1.WhataresomeoftheacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchyHowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchy1)theoldestinstitutionofgovernment2).TheQueenreignsbutdoesnotruleth

18、ecountryisreallyrunbyGovernmentledbyPrimeMinister.3)theparliamentistherightcenterofthecountry.(2)theCivilwarsettherightsoftheParliament.Themonarchwaskeptbuthispowerwaslimited.Theconstitutionwassetuptoguaranteerightsofpeo

19、ple.2.Howdidthedoctrineofthe“divinerightofkings”accdingtotheauthleadtotheEnglishCivilWarWhatdoyouknowaboutthecausesoftheEnglishRevolutioninthe17thcentury(1)JamesIhissuccesslesIbothinsistedontheirdivinerightaskings.Theyfe

20、ltParliamentrepresentingthecommunityhadnorealpoliticalrighttoexistbutonlyexistedbecausethekingallowedittodoso.ItwastheeffttoreasserttherightsofParliamentthatledtocivilwar.(2)Inthe17thcenturytherewasacivilwarinEnglbetween

21、republican“Roundheads”(socalledbecausethemendefiedpopularfashionwetheirhaircutveryshot)ledbyOliverCromwellwhowantedtoabolishthemonarchyroyalistswhowantedittocontinue3.WhatisthehistyofEnglishparliamentWhatroledidtheparlia

22、mentplayintheCivilWar(1)Inmedievaltimesagroupofleadingwealthybaronswhoweresummonedbythekingseveraltimesayeartogivethekingsomeextramoney.ThiswastheGreatCouncil.Bythe13thC.representativesofcountiestownscitieswerealsoinclud

23、edindertoraisememoney.ThiswasthebeginningofwhatweknowasParliamenttoday.(2)IntheCivilWartheparliamentwasoppositetothemonarchyintheirdisputeoverthepower.TheRepublican“roundheads”ledbyOliverCromwellwantedtoabolishthemonarch

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