研究生英語(yǔ)閱讀教程(提高級(jí)) lesson 12

1、Lesson 12,In Praise of the Humble Comma,CATALOGUE,About the Author,Warm-up Activities,Structure,Language Points,Keys,Warm-up Activities,Could you speak these punctuation marks in English , . : ; ! ? … “” ‘’() - — ?

2、,2. Among those commonly-used punctuation marks, which do you think is the most useful or most important one? Why do you think so?,3. Do you think comma worth praising?,Structure,Part I (para. 1): Although apparently

3、 small and humble, often getting no respect, commas are like gods in that they give breath to life or take it away.,Part II (para. 2—para. 5): Social functions of punctuations.

4、,Part III (para. 6—para. 7): Punctuation is an important means of communication for feelings.,Part IV (para. 8—para. 9): Significance of commas.,Part V (para. 10—para. 11): Punctuation is a matter of care for

5、 what the words imply.,Language Points,(all) of a sudden (或on a sudden, all on a sudden, on the sudden) (line 2, para. 1),suddenly， unexpectedly 突然地；出乎意料地，冷不防,① 燈突然滅了。,All of a sudden the lights went out.,② 我們等了又等，然后，突然

6、看到地平線上出現(xiàn)了一艘帆船。,We waited and waited, then all of a sudden we saw a sail on the horizon.,③ 他決定突然離開(kāi)，這一點(diǎn)都不明智。,The way he decided to leave all of a sudden didn’t make any sense.,Language Points,2. deprive (of),take away f

7、rom; prevent from using or enjoying 奪去，剝奪； 使喪失 （line 4, para. 1）,① 一個(gè)學(xué)生假如沒(méi)有了書(shū)籍，將怎么辦？,What would a student do if the were deprived of his books?,② 那次事故使他喪失了視力。,He was deprived of his sight by the accident.,③ 擔(dān)憂使他不能入睡。,W

8、orrying deprived him of sleep.,Language Points,* deprived,not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life; having fewer opportunities in life because of being poor （尤指兒童）被剝奪的，貧困的,synonym: dis

9、advantaged, underprivileged,① 貧困兒童往往學(xué)習(xí)比較差。,Deprived children tend to do less well at school. deprived areas/ neighbourhoods etc (=where a lot of deprived people live),② 在貧民區(qū)長(zhǎng)大的孩子轉(zhuǎn)向犯罪和濫用

10、毒品的可能性大得多。,Children growing up in deprived areas are far more likely to turn to crime and drug abuse.,Language Points,3. keep up (line 1, para. 2),to make something continue at its present level or amount, instead of

11、letting it decrease; maintain in proper condition 維護(hù)；使保持良好狀態(tài),① 他按期付帳保持良好的信用。,He keeps his credit up by paying his bills regularly.,② 要保養(yǎng)這幢大廈所需費(fèi)用太大了。,The mansion was too expensive to keep up.,b) to continue doing somethi

12、ng 保持；堅(jiān)持,好極了！繼續(xù)好好干！,Splendid! Keep up the good work! (=continue to work hard and well),Language Points,c) if a situation keeps up, it continues without stopping or changing （使）繼續(xù)下去，（使）不停止,① 雨下了整整一夜。,Rain kept up all ni

13、ght.,② 請(qǐng)為我續(xù)訂那份雜志。,Please keep up my subscription to the magazine.,synonym: continue,Language Points,d) to manage to do as much or as well as other people 不落后，并駕齊驅(qū),① 年齡較小的男孩在比賽中跟不上。,The younger boys were not able to keep

14、 up in the race.,② 他請(qǐng)了位家庭教師，因?yàn)樗墓φn跟不上班上其他同學(xué)。,He hired a tutor because he wasn’t able to keep up with the rest of the class.,opposite fall behind,③ 我的工資跟不上通貨膨脹。,My salary doesn’t keep up with inflation.,keep up with the

15、Joneses (=try to have the same new, impressive possessions that other people have) 和瓊斯一家人比（在購(gòu)買(mǎi)物品，如衣物、汽車(chē)等方面與鄰人相比以示社會(huì)地位）,Language Points,4. (it's) no/small/little wonder (that),especially spoken used to say that you

16、 are not surprised by something 并不奇怪；不足為奇；十分自然 (line 3, para. 4),① 他病了，這并不奇怪，因?yàn)閹啄陙?lái)他一直操勞過(guò)度。,He was taken ill, and little wonder, considering that he had been overworking for years.,② 難怪你找不到這本書(shū)，它掉在椅子背后了。,No wonder you c

17、ouldn’t find the book—it had fallen behind the chair.,③ 你吃得那么多當(dāng)然睡不著了。,It’s no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much.,Language Points,5. spill (out),to let (something secret) become known 告密；泄露,說(shuō)出（秘密）(line 5, para.

18、 4),① 他會(huì)與任何人交談，還會(huì)把他的一生經(jīng)歷告訴一個(gè)完全陌生的人。,He will talk to anyone and spill out his life story to a total stranger.,② 他威脅說(shuō)要（把他所知道的）向警方告發(fā)。,He threatened to spill (what he knew) to the police.,Language Points,* spill the beans,

19、informal to tell something that someone else wanted you to keep a secret 泄露消息（尤指不欲人知的事）；泄露秘密,“菲力普知道我們的計(jì)劃嗎？” “知道，一定是有人泄露了秘密?！?“Does Phillip know about our plan?” “Yes, someone must have spilled the beans.”,Language Po

20、ints,6. voice (line 5, para. 5),[singular, uncountable] the right or ability to express an opinion, to vote, or to influence decisions 表達(dá)，表露；發(fā)言權(quán)；投票權(quán),① 學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)決定學(xué)校發(fā)展方向一事有發(fā)言權(quán)。,Students should have a voice in determining the

21、 way in which universities should develop.,② 工人們要求對(duì)資方所作的決定有發(fā)言權(quán)。,The workers want a voice in management decisions.,Language Points,b) [countable] an opinion or wish that is expressed （表達(dá)出的）意見(jiàn)，愿望,① 政府需要傾聽(tīng)美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的呼聲。,The g

22、overnment needs to listen to the voice of middle-class Americans.,② 盡管有許多反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，這項(xiàng)政策還是被采納了。,This policy has been adopted despite many dissenting voices.,Language Points,to express your feelings or thoughts 說(shuō)出，表達(dá)，吐露,① 她表示了

23、自己的擔(dān)心。,She gave voice to her misgivings.,② 參與者被鼓勵(lì)說(shuō)出自己的希望、擔(dān)心和夢(mèng)想。,Participants are encouraged to give voice to their personal hopes, fears and dreams.,*give voice to something,Language Points,7. border on/ upon: (line 8, p

24、ara. 7),a) be next to, adjoin to 毗連；接界,① 中國(guó)在東部和朝鮮接壤。,China borders on Korea in the east.,② 公園毗連湖濱。,The park borders on the shores of the lake.,Language Points,b) to be very close to being something extreme; resemble 近似，

25、幾乎是,① 該提議近乎可笑。,The proposal borders upon the absurd.,② 他們對(duì)他的尊重已近乎于崇敬了。,Their respect for him bordered on reverence.,③ 他硬說(shuō)要我陪著他，差不多要?jiǎng)游淞恕?His determination to have my company bordered on violence.,Language Points,8. other

26、wise: adv. (line 6, para.8),[sentence adverb] used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done 否則，不然,① 你現(xiàn)在就得出發(fā)，不然會(huì)趕不上公共汽車(chē)的。,You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.,② 穿上外套，不然會(huì)感冒

27、的。,Put your coat on, otherwise you'll get cold.,Language Points,b) in a different way 別樣；以另外方式,① 政府聲稱經(jīng)濟(jì)正在好轉(zhuǎn)，但這次調(diào)查表明情況并不是這樣。,The government claims that the economy is improving, but this survey suggests otherwise.,②

28、 我認(rèn)為今天下午會(huì)下雨，但是我的兄弟卻不這樣想。,I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise.,say/think/decide etc otherwise: to say, think, or decide something different,Language Points,c) except for what has just bee

29、n mentioned 除此之外；在其他方面,① 他除了疲勞外完全健康。,He was tired but otherwise in good health.,② 水泥除了有點(diǎn)裂縫外完全正常。,The cement is slightly cracked but otherwise in good order.,Language Points,9. turn in,to go in a new direction when you a

30、re walking, driving etc, or to make the vehicle you are using do this 轉(zhuǎn)身（進(jìn)入）；拐彎（進(jìn)入）（line5, para. 9）,① 他們掉轉(zhuǎn)頭向岸邊靠攏。,They turned in toward shore.,② 在下一條街拐彎進(jìn)去。,Turn in at the next street.,③ 我們?cè)谥v話時(shí)，那流浪漢拐進(jìn)門(mén)來(lái)。,The tramp turne

31、d in at the door as we spoke.,Language Points,10. turn back: (line5, para. 9),to go back in the direction you came from, or to make someone or something do this （使） 停止前進(jìn)；（使）折回，（使）往前走,① 天開(kāi)始下雪了，我們只好往回走。,The snow started

32、to fall, so we had to turn back.,③ 他從十字路口折了回來(lái)，回家去了。,He turned back from the crossroads and went home.,Language Points,b) to return to doing something in the way it was done before,① 記住：一旦你簽署了合約，就無(wú)可翻悔。,Remember, once you

33、’ve signed the contract, there’s no turning back(=you cannot change this) .,② 她已經(jīng)下定決心，從此無(wú)可翻悔。,She had made her decision and from that point there could be no turning back.,Keys,Ⅰ. READING COMPREHENSION,A.C2. A3. C

34、4. D5. D 6. D7.B8. B9. A10. D,Introduction: Although apparently small and humble, often getting no respect, commas are like gods in that they give breath to life or take it away. (Paragraph 1),B.,Keys,2.

35、 Social functions of punctuations: (Paragraph 2 to 5),1) help to maintain law and order. (Paragraph 2),2) clarify relationship between people. (Paragraph 3),3) reinforce social values. (Paragraph 4),4) signify cultural d

36、ifferences. (Paragraph 5),Keys,3. Punctuation is an important means of communication for feelings (Paragraph 6 to 7),4. significance of commas (Paragraph 8 to 9),1) add beauty and meaning to words (Paragraph 8),2) conve

37、y meanings different from those revealed by periods and semicolons (Paragraph 9),5. Conclusion: Punctuation is a matter of care for what the words imply. (Paragraph 10 to 11),Keys,Ⅱ.VOCABULARY,A. 1.C 2.A 3.D

38、4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.A,B. 1.riotous 2.dissolve 3.divinity 4.eloquence 5.defied 6.strained/strains 7.poring over 8.lust 9.spill out 10.throw

39、off,Ⅲ.CLOZE,1.misplaced2.dry 3.humor4.hit 5.panel 6.difference7.through 8.ambiguous 9.draws 10.fashion 11.exit 12.punctuated 13.up 14.entry 15.native,Keys,Ⅳ.TRANSL

40、ATION,1在當(dāng)前的短句中插入逗號(hào)，突然，的確如此，頭腦便有了思考的時(shí)間；如果你想要拿掉它或忘了加逗號(hào)思想也就沒(méi)有了停歇之處。,2我們說(shuō)，小就是美（在微型芯片時(shí)代尤為如此）。然而，除非呼吸本身，還有什么能像逗號(hào)那樣，人們總能用到它，卻又想不到它呢？,3難怪標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用是婦女穿緊身胸衣的維多利亞時(shí)代最重要的禮儀之一，卻又被現(xiàn)代主義者最早拋棄。,Keys,4性格沖動(dòng)的西班牙人使用的雙驚嘆號(hào)和雙問(wèn)號(hào)似乎顯露了他們的

41、激情和迫切。而不動(dòng)聲色的中國(guó)人在傳統(tǒng)的象形文字中省略了標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，因而顯得更加深不可測(cè)。,5字詞沒(méi)有曲伸變化。相比之下，逗號(hào)能捕捉到思路中的細(xì)微游移，隨著思想甜美流暢的樂(lè)曲，婉轉(zhuǎn)曲折，起伏跌宕；而分號(hào)使句子相關(guān)、思想相連，就像是女主人不動(dòng)聲色地安排所有的來(lái)賓在餐桌邊就座一樣。,Ⅴ.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION,1. 1.B 2.A 3.F 4.E 5.C 6.D,2) 1.D

42、 2.C 3.B 4.A (Examples omitted),2. Comma is obviously considered by the author as the humblest of all.,Keys,Keys,3.The concept of the Gods, or God, is often associated with an almighty power, creator of life,

43、 love, etc.; breath often symbolizes life itself, yet it is often taken so for granted that we hardly notice its significance. Through the contrast between the great and the humble and suggestion that both are import

44、ant, the writer tries to establish a close relation between the two and prepare the readers for his praise of the punctuation, especially the comma. See also the concluding sentence.,4.These sentences illustrate clea