歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題完美閱讀翻譯版

1、1986年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineeringinproductioninstatisticalwkinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemfpeoplew

2、hoareabletotakeingreatareaataglancepeoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereisinotherwdsademfpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingthefestratherthanthetreesofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists.”the

3、se“generalists”areparticularlyneededfpositionsinadministrationwhereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothewkwheretheyhavetoplanfotherpeopletoganizeotherpeople’swktobeginitjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstsonefieldhisconcerniswi

4、thtechniquetools.Heisa“trained”manhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalprofessional.Thegeneralistespeciallytheadministratdealswithpeoplehisconcerniswithleadershipwithplanningwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”mant

5、hehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrat.veryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyganizationneedsbothkindsofpeoplethoughdifferentganizationsneedth

6、emindifferentproptions.Itisyourtasktofindoutduringyourtrainingperiodintowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufittoplanyourcareeraccdingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobfyoubutthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejo

7、bsconstantlypeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljobitisprimarilyatrainingjobanopptunitytounderstyourselfyourfitnessfbeinganemployee.26.Thereisanincreasi

8、ngdemf________.[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields[B]peoplewhosejobistoganizeotherpeople’swk[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalprofessional[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguida

9、ncetoothers27.Thespecialistis________.[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmethanonefields[C]amanwhocanseethefestratherthanthetrees[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalprofessionalmatters28.The

10、administratis________.[A]a“trained”manwhoismeaspecialistthanageneralist[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellasthefest[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities[D]amanwhoisan“educated”specialist29.Duringyourtrainingperioditisimptant___

11、_____.[A]totrytobeageneralist[B]tochooseaprofitablejob[C]tofindanganizationwhichfitsyou[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistageneralist30.Aman’sfirstjob________.[A]isnevertherightjobfhim[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfi

12、naljob[C]shouldnotbechangedpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob[D]isprimarilyanopptunitytofithimselffhisfinaljob全文翻譯全文翻譯大量職業(yè)在日益強(qiáng)調(diào)專業(yè)性。這類(lèi)職業(yè)常見(jiàn)于工程、生產(chǎn)、統(tǒng)計(jì)、教學(xué)領(lǐng)域。但對(duì)那些一眼就能注意到很大區(qū)域、可能對(duì)任一領(lǐng)域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。換言之，社會(huì)需要那些能夠看到

13、森林而非樹(shù)木、能夠做出總體判斷的人。我們可以稱這些人為“通才”。管理職位尤其需要這樣的“通才”，在管理職位上“通才”的職責(zé)是：確保他人完成工作，必須為他人制定計(jì)劃，組織他人的工作，發(fā)起工作且對(duì)工作做出評(píng)判。專家精通某一領(lǐng)域；他關(guān)注的是技術(shù)和工具。他是“受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練”者；他有良好的技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育背景。通才，尤其是管理者，與人打交道；他關(guān)注的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、規(guī)劃及方向設(shè)定。他是“受過(guò)良好教育”者；人文學(xué)科是其最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的基石。鮮有專家能夠勝任管理者。同

14、樣，優(yōu)秀的通才很少同時(shí)也是某一特定領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)秀專家。任何組織都同時(shí)需要這兩種人，雖然組織不同，需求的比例亦不同。你的任務(wù)是在訓(xùn)練期間從兩種工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)適合自己的那一種，并對(duì)自己的職業(yè)作出相應(yīng)的規(guī)劃。你的第一份工作可能恰好是適合你的工作——但這純屬巧合。當(dāng)然，你不應(yīng)頻繁更換工作，否則人們將懷疑你是否有能力保住一份工作。同時(shí)，你也一定不要把第一份工作看做最后一份工作；它主要是一份培訓(xùn)工作，一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)自己和自己工作專長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。Test2Attheb

15、ottomofthewldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeuntilrecenttimesunknowntoman.Itisagreatlmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexpledonfootle

16、ssthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanoceancoveredwithdriftingpackedicehemmedinbythelmassesofEuropeAsiaNthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeAustralia

17、決定想拿什么學(xué)科的學(xué)位，以便在以后的歲月里回顧過(guò)去時(shí)不會(huì)說(shuō)，“我希望自己是一名考古學(xué)家。如果我沒(méi)有獲得現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言的學(xué)位，就不會(huì)成為一名翻譯，但現(xiàn)在為時(shí)已晚。我不能回頭再重新來(lái)過(guò)了。（75）當(dāng)然，關(guān)于一個(gè)人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時(shí)間，還有另外一個(gè)方面。）當(dāng)然，關(guān)于一個(gè)人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時(shí)間，還有另外一個(gè)方面。（76）某一學(xué)科中出類(lèi)拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。）某一學(xué)科中出類(lèi)拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。（77）他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己

18、選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時(shí)間成為一名專家。結(jié)果他以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位，但對(duì)外）他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時(shí)間成為一名專家。結(jié)果他以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位，但對(duì)外界的一切卻幾乎一無(wú)所知。界的一切卻幾乎一無(wú)所知。（78）因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和）因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更

19、多的的建議。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。更多的的建議。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。只有這樣，我們才能確保：一方面，我們不會(huì)有一幫對(duì)自己學(xué)科以外的事情完全無(wú)知的專家，另一方面，我們不會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的畢業(yè)生具備這個(gè)工作世界很少或沒(méi)有需求的學(xué)科的知識(shí)。1987年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題Text1Fcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.

20、Chinesechildrenplayedwithafanliketoythatspunupwardsfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatuscalleda“Helix”whichcouldcarrymanstraightupbutwasonlyadesignwasnevertested.Theancientdre

21、amwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyverticallyintotheairfromastingstarthoveredafewfeetabovethegroundwentsidewaysbackwardsthensettledb

22、acktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtowkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransptswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfanta

23、sticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissionscarryingtroopsgunsstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Cpationsusethemasairbneofficesmanymetropolitan

24、areasusetheminpolicewkconstructionloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageouswaysengineersusethemfsiteionsurveyingoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffsheremotewkstationsaccessibletocrewssupplies.Anyurgentmissiont

25、oahardtogettoplaceisalikelytaskfahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstownflytofromairptsassistinrescuewkaidinthesearchfmissingwantedpersons.11.Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywould

26、eventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransptlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[D]th

27、eirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday12.Helicopterswkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraf

28、tothersateachend[D]arotatingfanunderneathflifting13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenwkedonbymansince1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswere

29、consideredmedangerousthantheearlyairplanes.[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedfvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhighfl

30、yingjets.[C]Theyareusedfrescuewk.[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyfcommercialprojects.15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential[A]Foverseaspassengertransptation.[B]Fextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Fhigh

31、speedtransptation.[D]Furgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.全文翻譯全文翻譯長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，垂直飛行一直是人們的夢(mèng)想。公元400年，中國(guó)兒童所玩的一種扇形玩具可以旋轉(zhuǎn)上升，一旦旋轉(zhuǎn)停止，它便落回地面。李?yuàn)W納多達(dá)芬奇構(gòu)想出首個(gè)名為“螺旋”（Helix）的機(jī)械裝置，它可以帶人垂直上升，但這只是一種設(shè)計(jì)而從未進(jìn)行測(cè)試。這一由來(lái)已久的夢(mèng)想終于在1940年得以實(shí)現(xiàn)

32、。俄國(guó)工程師試制了一種外形奇特的鋼鐵飛行器，它上面裝有一個(gè)螺旋槳。它可以從初始位置笨拙地垂直上升，在離地幾英尺的地方盤(pán)旋，左右和前后移動(dòng)，然后落回地面。這種工具被稱為直升機(jī)。想象力就此激發(fā)。人們夢(mèng)想乘坐自己的私人直升機(jī)上下班。他們期望垂直飛行交通手段能像如今的班機(jī)那樣，承載幾百萬(wàn)的乘客。但是，這樣的幻想?yún)s還未實(shí)現(xiàn)。直升機(jī)如今已經(jīng)成為極為有用的機(jī)器。它在執(zhí)行軍事任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)極為出色，因?yàn)樗梢赃\(yùn)送軍隊(duì)、武器及戰(zhàn)略設(shè)備到其他飛行器所無(wú)法到達(dá)的