考研英語2005-2012真題 完美打印

1、2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英(一)試題及答案2012年01月10日15:13來源：跨考教育SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwd(s)feachnumberedblankmarkABCDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshaveb

2、ecomeanimptantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yetinseveralinstancesjusticesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfbeingindependentimpartial.JusticeAnto

3、ninScaliafexampleappearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleastthecourtshouldmake

4、itself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthityapartfrompolit

5、ics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerhavenoneedto_13_politicalsuppt.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispolitica

6、lbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisionsthelawit_16_isinescapablypoliticalwhichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjus

7、t.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompolitics_20_convincingaslaw.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[

8、A]when[B]lest[C]befe[D]unless3.[A]rested[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]rest

9、s[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]co

10、nfirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theies[C]divisions[D]conceptions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distted18.[

11、A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]igne19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inawd[D]asaresultSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequ

12、estionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessagehalfinvitationhalffcingiswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewdspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogoo

13、ddrinkingdrugscasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClubTinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositivefcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcureinwhichganizationsofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovethe

14、irlivespossiblythewd.RosenbergtherecipientofaPulitzerPrizeoffersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolinaastatesponsedantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfricaanHIV

15、preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，Rosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubichealthcampaignsisspoton:theyfailtomobilizepeer

16、pressurefhealthyhabitstheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferentpleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagersteenagerswhodesirenothingmethanfittingin.Rosen

17、bergarguesconvincinglythatpublichealthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertiserssoskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.ButonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcureRosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantd

18、etailnotenoughexplationofthesocialbiologicalfactsthatmakepeerpressureso[C]dishoning.[D]securing.27.Byenteringintothe2002agreementEntergyintendedto[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulats.[B]seekfavfromthefederallegislature

19、.[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.28.AccdingtoParagraph4Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits[A]managerialpractices.[B]technicalinnovativeness.[C]financialgoals.[D]businessvisio

20、n29.Intheauth’sviewtheVermontcasewilltest[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.[B]thematureofstates’patchwkregulations.[C]thefederalauthityovernuclearissues.[D]thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearissues.30.Itcanbeinf

21、erredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]Entergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.[B]theauthityoftheNRCwillbedefied.[C]EntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.[D]Vermont’sreputationmightbedamaged.Text3Intheidealizedversionofho

22、wscienceisdonefactsaboutthewldarewaitingtobeobservedcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwk.Butintheeverydaypracticeofsciencediscoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguouscomplicatedroute.Weaimto

23、beobjectivebutwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priknowledgeinterestinfluencewhatweexperiencewhatwethinkourexperiencesmeanthesubsequentactionswetake.Opptunitiesfmisinterpretationerrselfdeceptionabound.Con

24、sequentlydiscoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaimstheyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyacceptancetotransfmadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityproces

25、sthroughwhichtheindividualresearcher’smeherenowbecomesthecommunity’sanyoneanywhereanytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoalnotthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublicthediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.Butunlikewi

26、thminingclaimsthecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunityresearchersmakediscoverieseditsreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocessotherscientistsuset

27、henewfindingtosuittheirownpurposesfinallythepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoverypossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimwksitthroughthecommunitytheinteractionconfrontationbetweensharedcompeting

28、beliefsaboutthesciencethetechnologyinvolvedtransfmsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.FirstscientificwktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKn

29、owledgethatisviewedasincompleteincrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownbelieved.Thegoalisnewsearchnotresearch.Notsurprisinglynewlypublisheddiscoveryclaimscrediblediscoveriesthatappeartob

30、eimptantconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengepotentialmodificationrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Secondnoveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureatephysiologistAlbertAzentGygyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhate

31、verybodyhasseenthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughttellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredftrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedappreciated.Intheendcre

32、dibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcrespondstowhatphilosopherAnteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogetherchallengerevisecompleteeachother’sreasoningeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”31.Accdingto

33、thefirstparagraphtheprocessofdiscoveryisacterizedbyits[A]uncertaintycomplexity.[B]misconceptiondeceptiveness.[C]logicalityobjectivity.[D]systematicnessregularity.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequ

34、ires[A]strictinspection.[B]sharedeffts.[C]individualwisdom.[D]persistentinnovation.33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientifi