《考研英語(yǔ)題型》ppt課件

1、考研英語(yǔ)題型,Section I Use of English 完型填空 10’Section II Reading Comprehension 60’ Part A 4 texts 40’ Part B 新題型 10’ Part C Translation 10’Section III Writing 30’

2、 Part A 應(yīng)用文寫作 10’ Part B 短文寫作 20’,考研英語(yǔ)完型填空,主講：鄭書麗,研英語(yǔ)大綱之知識(shí)運(yùn)用,共20小題，每小題0.5分，共10分。在一篇240~280詞的文章中留出20個(gè)空白，要求考生從每題給出的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，使補(bǔ)全后的文章意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整?？忌诖痤}卡1上作答。對(duì)詞匯的掌握提出了更加具體的要求，具體體現(xiàn)

3、在對(duì)詞匯的微觀掌握和記憶上：詞匯基本知識(shí)（詞性、詞形、本義和引申義等）；詞際關(guān)系（同義詞、反義詞、詞匯搭配等）；詞匯“背景”（詞根、詞綴等）。,完型考試的測(cè)試點(diǎn),閱讀能力：對(duì)文章整體的把握和理解（要讀懂文章的主題；讀出文章的導(dǎo)向或作者態(tài)度）；要讀懂文章上下段、上下句之間的關(guān)系；還要讀懂句子內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用的能力：語(yǔ)法（占20%-30%）;習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)（占10%）；詞義的辨析和使用（占60%-70%）,完型填空的誤區(qū),１. 很多同學(xué)

4、認(rèn)為完型填空就是語(yǔ)法詞匯題對(duì)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在考試當(dāng)中如果還考語(yǔ)法，就考定語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句 ，所以準(zhǔn)備語(yǔ)法就準(zhǔn)備從句：定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句 對(duì)詞匯：不能只知其一不知其它；不能只知大概不知具體；不能只知認(rèn)詞不知辯詞，不能只知詞義不知使用。不能用中文的思維，替代英文詞的詞義。,完型填空的誤區(qū),２. 很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為完型填空需要背誦大綱中的5500個(gè)單詞背單詞的理念：通過(guò)真題記單詞 背誦真題，把握真題的理念：以真題為圓心，以努力為半徑

5、畫完美的考研備考的圓,對(duì)真題把握的三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：,①翻開近十年真題，沒(méi)有一個(gè)單詞是生詞 ②翻開近十年真題，沒(méi)有一個(gè)句子是長(zhǎng)難句（好的準(zhǔn)備長(zhǎng)難句的方法：把真題中所有長(zhǎng)難句歸類 ）③翻開近十年真題，要知道所有選項(xiàng)對(duì)錯(cuò)的原因,完型填空的誤區(qū),３. 處理好模擬試題與真題的關(guān)系，真題是根本，真題是核心學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該先做真題，后做模擬試題 建議：可以做閱讀理解方面的模擬試題，但做完型填空的橫擬題意義不是特別大,完型填空的備考思路,①背誦近十年

6、真題，要求大家背誦每篇240-280字的文章 ②背誦近十年真題中的所有選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)基本上體現(xiàn)了完型填空考查的范圍（每個(gè)單詞一定要知道對(duì)錯(cuò)的原因，知道每個(gè)單詞的準(zhǔn)確用法）③把握解題技巧與方法，沒(méi)有解題技巧指導(dǎo)的考研完型是比較失敗的考研完型④背大批量的詞組⑤適當(dāng)?shù)淖鲆恍┠M試題,解題技巧與方法,１.　卷子發(fā)下來(lái)后，利用紅花綠葉原則做題紅花詞：某個(gè)單詞在歷年真題中每次出現(xiàn)都選綠葉詞：屢出現(xiàn)屢不選，屢不選屢出現(xiàn)注意兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：　　

7、1. 紅花綠葉原則能做對(duì)2-5個(gè)題　　2. 紅花詞偶爾會(huì)失手,解題技巧與方法,２. 明白A B C D選項(xiàng)的規(guī)律① A B C D 的個(gè)數(shù)都是4-6個(gè)之間，四個(gè)答案基本均勻分布② 完型填空中一般而言A較多 ③ 沒(méi)有連續(xù)三個(gè)答案都一樣的情況，連續(xù)兩個(gè)答案都一樣的情況是0-3個(gè)，前后答案彼此都不一樣的情況是17-20個(gè)④ 在五個(gè)一組的答案中，至少要出現(xiàn)三個(gè)字母 （此規(guī)律同樣適合閱讀理解）,解題技巧與方法,３. 同義原則在四個(gè)選

8、項(xiàng)中，當(dāng)兩個(gè)或三個(gè)實(shí)詞互為同義詞時(shí)，答案往往在其中當(dāng)兩個(gè)或三個(gè)虛詞互為同義詞時(shí)，往往都不選 當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)有一個(gè)共同的意思時(shí)，該意思往往不能夠入選,1. 無(wú)關(guān)詞排除法（與主題相關(guān)原則）,The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _31_the tria

9、l of Rosemary West. In a significant _32_of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a _33_bill that will propose making payments to witness _34_and will strictly control the am

10、ount of _35_that can be given to a case _36_a trial begins. 35. A) publicity 　B) penalty 　C) popularity 　 D) peculiarity,2. 同現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法（與文章主題導(dǎo)向或傾向一致原則）,Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterize

11、d by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. _41_(答案為Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is _42_to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of n

12、on-REM sleep is even more _43_. 43. A) subtle 　B) obvious 　 C) mysterious 　D) doubtful,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法（與本題一致原則）,Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dream

13、ing, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. _41_(答案為Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is _42_to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more _43_. Th

14、e new experiments, such as these _44_for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations _45_of non-REM sleep. 　　　43. A) subtle B) obvious 　　　　

15、C) mysterious D) doubtful,3. 復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)法（與本題一致原則）,For example, it has long been known that total sleep _46_is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, _47_examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researc

16、her has now _48_the mystery of why the animals die. The rats _49_bacterial infections of the blood, _50_their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanism against disease—had crashed.,4. 關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)法,Companies _41_（答案為with）low

17、 accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them _42_and active. 42. A) alive B) vivid C) mobile D) diverse,5. 時(shí)間線索定位法,It is generally re

18、cognized, _29_（答案為however）, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, _30_ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process. 30. A) brought B) foll

19、owed C) stimulated D) characterized,6. 總分結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照分析法,If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be_47_. He must either sell some of his property or _48_（答案為seek）extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will

20、 try to borrow money at a low _49_（答案為rate）of interest, but loans of this kind are not _50_ obtainable. 47. A) self-confident B) self-sufficient C) self-satisfied D) self-restrained,7. 對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法,Vitamin

21、s are similar because they are made of the same elements – usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _45_nitrogen. 45. A) mostly B) partially C) sometimes D) rarely,7. 對(duì)應(yīng)成分分析法,Vitamins are similar beca

22、use they are made of the same elements – usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _45_nitrogen. They are different _46_their students are arranged differently. 46. A) in that B) so that C) such that

23、 D) except that,8. 邏輯關(guān)系定位法,The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _31_the trial of Rosemary West. 31. A) as to B) for instance

24、 C) in particular D) such as,8. 邏輯關(guān)系定位法,_46_, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _47_ difficult for the listener to understand the _48_which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific w

25、ords in his working vocabulary may be _49_to explain or describe in a _50_that can be understood by his listeners. 46. A) Moreover B) However C) Preliminarily D) Unexpectedly,8. 邏輯關(guān)系定位法,The first

26、and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is _41_the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of _42_breakdown in the communication

27、 cycle. Too often, careless use of words _43_a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may _44_unfavorable reactions in the listener _45_interfere with his comprehension; hence, th

28、e transmission-reception system breaks down.,動(dòng)詞題解題的六種方法：,1. 看主語(yǔ)，注意主謂搭配的一致性（主要是看主語(yǔ)是人還是物 ) something ____ A. doubt B. challenge 主語(yǔ)必須是人的動(dòng)詞：believe, regard, think, be impressed by, intend, requ

29、ire, doubt 主語(yǔ)一般是物的動(dòng)詞：manifest,動(dòng)詞題解題的六種方法：,2. 看賓語(yǔ)，注意動(dòng)賓搭配的一致性 ①看賓語(yǔ)是人還是物 ______ something A. assure B. ensure assure sb. of sth. assure sb. that…②看賓語(yǔ)是抽象名詞還是具體名詞 ______ the s

30、oil A. enhance B. feed,動(dòng)詞題解題的六種方法：,3. 從動(dòng)詞及物或不及物的角度出發(fā)做題　___ old agricultural implements(農(nóng)具) 　A. replace 　B. dispose　4. 根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系判定動(dòng)詞　changes in the economy that ____ to fewer job opportunities for yout

31、h and rising unemployment … A. point B. lead C. come D. amount,動(dòng)詞題解題的六種方法：,5. 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞后的介詞以及介詞賓語(yǔ)判定答案 　Lord Irvine said he ____ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not ____ sufficient

32、control.　A. sided B. shared C. complied D. agreed6. 根據(jù)能夠?qū)?dòng)詞起到限制性的成分來(lái)判定動(dòng)詞（一般指形容詞） 　He must sell in order to ____ old agricultural implements and … A. replace B. purchase C. supplement D. dispose,名詞題解題的五種方法：,1.

33、 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)就是信息線索　____ be impressed by 　　A. sb. B. sth. 2. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是線索　assure ___ 　　A. sb. B. sth.,名詞題解題的五種方法：,3. 根據(jù)名詞前后的介詞判定名詞　　____ for　　A. explanation B. purpose exposure to approach to

34、 answer to confidence in reason for attitude toward,暴露,途徑,答案,自信,原因,態(tài)度,名詞題解題的五種方法：,4. 根據(jù)已有名詞來(lái)判定已選名詞 ____ of the letter A. publication B. release C. printing 5. 當(dāng)名詞后面出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句就是線索

35、 needed ____ that comes from achieving success.,形容詞解題的四種方法:,1. 形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)就是線索2. 有副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)副詞就是線索 legally ____ A. binding B. restraining,形容詞解題的四種方法:,3. 當(dāng)多個(gè)成分同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，答案就在修飾成分中 a ____ bill that wi

36、ll propose making payments to witnesses…A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draft 4. 當(dāng)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，名詞就是線索 a ____ of media protest when he said the … A. rage B. storm C. flare D. flash,副詞題解題的三種方法:,1. 根據(jù)主旨做

37、題2. 同義原則3. 根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷例：instantly，不能放在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)里,做題順序：,1. 先做整體通讀　通過(guò)整體通讀讀出：　　　1)讀出文章的中心 (focus);　　　2)讀出文章的導(dǎo)向或作者的基本態(tài)度　通讀時(shí)應(yīng)注意：　　　不求甚解，重點(diǎn)讀首句或首段?！　　∽x完首段后可先讀尾段再讀其它?！　　〕拙渫獠槐刈x的很細(xì)，耗時(shí)不能超過(guò)3分鐘。,做題順序：,2.　以段為單位，按段精讀，按段理解，按段做題；段本身就是