空鉤人物稱能事前有龍眠今有濟(jì)

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85、····················22 中國美術(shù)學(xué)院 國畫系 王犁 空鉤人物稱能事 空鉤人物稱能事 前有龍眠今有濟(jì) 前有龍眠今有濟(jì) 3 引 言 石濤，明末清初畫家，生于 1642 年（從徐邦達(dá)、 汪世清說） ，卒于 170

86、7 年（從傅抱石說） 。明宗室， 靖江王后裔，姓朱，名若極，小字阿長。其父朱亨嘉 為九世靖江王， 于南明隆武元年 （1645） 自稱 “監(jiān)國” ， 被隆武帝遣兵所擒。 宮亂之際， 石濤為仆臣負(fù)出逃走， 時(shí)年 4 歲（從汪世清說） ，后在全州湘山寺落發(fā)為僧， 廣西全州五代稱清湘，故后有清湘老人之稱。法名初 為超濟(jì)，后改元濟(jì)（原濟(jì)） ，號石濤，別號甚多。稍 長居武昌，好讀古書，兼學(xué)書畫，楚人往往稱之。曾 久游皖、蘇等地，先后寓居宣城、南京、

87、揚(yáng)州。善畫 山水、蘭竹、花果，兼工人物，筆意恣縱，自成 一家。又善詩文、書法、篆刻，尤工分隸。每畫多所題識，詩、書皆淋漓灑落。與弘仁、髡殘、朱耷，并稱“清初四僧” 。 石濤研究在傅抱石、俞劍華、鄭拙廬、汪世清等幾代學(xué)人的努力下，蔚然成顯學(xué)。 《朵云》第五十六集《石濤研究》 ，綜述了六十年以來石濤研究的成果，如石濤的生卒問題，身世行跡和交游，藝術(shù)淵源和成就，石濤畫語錄研究和美學(xué)史意義。也指出了有待深入研究的幾個(gè)問題，如石濤前期經(jīng)歷，尤其是

88、定居宣城之前的行蹤和師承關(guān)系，特別是在武昌的學(xué)畫經(jīng)歷；石濤晚年身份；石濤山水畫的進(jìn)一步研究；石濤花卉畫創(chuàng)作；石濤的書法成就。綜述中也指出書法研究由于石濤在繪畫史的地位，而被研究者忽略，成為 石濤研究的盲區(qū)。從六十年石濤研究的成果來看，石 濤的花卉創(chuàng)作成就，書法成就，一直成為身世行跡考佐證的用印，以及更被忽略“兼善”的人物畫創(chuàng)作，更是石濤研究的盲區(qū)。 本文力圖在前人研究的旁枝末 節(jié)中，索引出石濤人物畫創(chuàng)作的痕跡，結(jié)合留存人物 畫作品的分析