[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--探究服務貿(mào)易界限（原文）

1、Full Terms which is the midpoint of values estimated by a number of papers. The key purpose of this article is to identify thosesectors that are relatively more tradable in the absence of artificial barriers, so alterna

2、tive values of σ affect the size of trade costs but do not affect the relative ranking of sectors. Furthermore, this value has been used in other studies that have calculated cross-country trade costs, so the choice of t

3、his value makes the results of the current article comparable with those studies.III. ResultsTable 1 presents the trade costs between Scotland and the UK for all industries.1 The first thing that should be mentioned is t

4、hat overall trade costs for goods (not reported here) are lower than that of services. The median cost for goods is 21%, while for services it is 48%. Anderson, Milot, and Yotov (2014) also point out that trade costs for

5、 services are relatively higher compared with goods for Canadian provinces. This means that services are relatively less tradable, so we should not expect as much trade in services as in goods (proportional to output) ev

6、en in a perfect environment without policy barriers. The second interesting finding is that the median trade cost between Scotland and the rest of the UK is about half as low as that between the UK and US or other OECD c

7、ountries as reported by Miroudot, Sauvage, and Shepherd (2013), who study cross- country services trade employing the same metho- dology and parameters as in this article. Twice higher international trade costs compared

8、with internal costs is also within the range of the implied border tax for services reported in Anderson, Milot, and Yotov (2014).The advantage of the data used in this article isthat the degree of disaggregation is much

9、 higher than in other studies. For example, Anderson et al. (2015), who study cross-country services trade, report that trade costs for transport and communi- cation are the lowest, while in finance they are rela- tively

10、 high. As the table shows, more disaggregated sectoral data reveal some caveats. Most sectors that can be clustered into transport and communication indeed have relatively low costs. The situation for broadly defined fin

11、ance is different. Here there are some sectors, especially financial services and1In the table, trade costs for few product categories are missing. For these items, there is either no data on exports or imports. In gener

12、al, it seems that this islikely to be due to the fact that there is very little trade in those sectors because as for most of them data are available only for imports or exports and values are relatively very low. Furthe