[雙語翻譯]服務(wù)貿(mào)易外文翻譯--服務(wù)貿(mào)易在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性（英文）

1、EKONOMIA XXI WIEKU ECONOMICS OF THE 21ST CENTURY 4(4) ? 2014ISSN 2353-8929Magdalena Myszkowska Wroc?aw University of Economicsmail:magdalena.myszkowska@ue.wroc.plTHE IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES TRADE IN GLOBAL ECONOMYSummary

2、: The objective of this article is to present the most important tendencies in the international services trade. Geographical and material dynamics and structure of internatio- nal service transfers were analysed on the

3、 basis of the available statistical data. The growing role of services trade in mature economies and growing importance of services export of the developing countries were presented. The author also presented the pivot

4、al role of services in the ongoing transformation of international trade and investment model, characterized by the delocalization of service functions and the participation of services in the global value chains. The

5、 attention was also drawn to the need of measuring trade, including services trade, through the criteria of value added at every stage of production.Keywords: international trade in services, commercial services, offsho

6、ring of services, value added, global value chains.DOI: ??????????????????????1. IntroductionGlobal economy has been changing at an unprecedented pace and services have been in the centre of this transformation. Global

7、ization would not have been possible without the development of information and communications technologies. Global manufacturing networks could not have been created without efficient and solid transportation and log

8、istic services. Services constitute the very base of each stage of production, from research and development, through design, engineering, financing, transport, distribution to marketing. Services contribute to the occ

9、urrence of value added and innovation. Similarly to the goods trade, as far as services trade is concerned, the clear division into exporters and importers faded away long time ago1. This characteristic 1 Goods and ser

10、vices are now often from “everywhere”, rather than, as they are generally conside- red today, from “somewhere”.30 Magdalena Myszkowska mainly through the increase in efficiency. High economic profits from the trade of

11、 manufactured and agricultural products cannot be fully reached without services’ support. Similar to the effectiveness of governments and institutions, competitiveness of companies within the free market is described,

12、 to a greater extent, through the access to cheap and high-quality telecommunication, transportation, distributional, and financial services.Nowadays, no economy can develop without the effective service infrastructure

13、. What is more, inefficient and expensive service infrastructure may not only preclude trade transfers but also inhibit general economic growth5. Effective and properly regulated financial sector leads to the transform

14、ation of savings to investments, ensuring the best funds’ location for the highest profit. Profits also come from the diversity of financial products and better risk division in the economy. The improvement of the eff

15、ectiveness in telecommunications generates wide economic benefits due to the fact that this sector constitutes necessary “indirect inputs” and is essential to the knowledge circulation and diffusion. Similarly, transpo

16、rtation services contribute to the effective distribution of products within the country and to the ability of the country to participate in the global trade, thereby helping in the realization of benefits from the in

17、tegration. The mentioned sectors possess features generating development, which is the possibility of gaining knowledge through the activity, knowledge creation, increasing diversity of products and raising their qual

18、ity. In spite of the fact that those sectors are leading, there are also other ones which have great significance for the improvement of economic results. For instance, business services like accounting or legal servic

19、es are important for the reduction of transaction costs; in turn, software services are the foundation for the modern economy based on information [Mattoo, Rathindran, Subramanian 2001, pp. 4,6]. Services trade may hel

20、p the countries create opportunities for the development of service production in sectors in which they have comparative advantage, therefore generate workplaces, and contribute to GDP growth and development of commerci

21、al exchange. It is particularly significant for the countries isolated from the world product market due to weak transportation infrastructure and lack of the sea access. Service export may be a vital part of developi

22、ng countries’ development strategies. Additionally, the importation of services may significantly improve the results by the introduction of larger competition, better practices, abilities, technologies and investment

23、 capital. The introduction of foreign service providers may cause better services for domestic consumers and improve results and competitiveness of domestic companies. Increasing importance of services in national econ

24、omies and in the international trade to a large extent stems from the increase in production of indirect services. Expensive and knowledge-demanding indirect stages of companies’ activities are 5 Many services constitut