[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]混合動(dòng)力汽車外文翻譯--日本混合動(dòng)力汽車的使用--二手車市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)分析

1、2750 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1.4 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 4300 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Iwata K , Matsumoto S . Use of hybrid vehicles in Japan: An analysis of used car market data[J]. Transportation Research Part D Transport Greening et al., 2000; Gol

2、dberg, 1998; Linn, 2013; Mizobuchi, 2011; Small and Van Dender, 2007; West, 2004). According to the comprehensive literature survey conducted by Sorrell et al. (2009), the rebound effect is less than 30%. The latest stud

3、y, Linn (2013), estimates that the rebound effect is 20–40%. Although many scholars have estimated the rebound effect in various contexts, none estimated it by explicitly separating HVs from GVs. We expect that the milea

4、ge on HVs with remarkable fuel economy will become larger than that of conventional GVs. Since previous studies, such as Kanemoto (2007), Koyama and Kishimoto (2001) and Parry et al. (2007), report that mileage-related e

5、xternal costs are much greater than fuel-related external costs, it is important to estimate the extent to which HVs are driven more than GVs.In recent years, many countries have implemented rebate programs to stimulate

6、HV sales. Empirical studies report that these programs have led to a large increase in the market share of HVs (Chandra et al., 2010; Gallagher and Muehlegger,2011). Although the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissio

7、ns has been stated as the reason for the rebate programs, it has not yet been examined whether the amount of CO2 emitted from HVs is lesser than that from GVs. Demonstrating lower CO2 emissions from HVs as compared to GV

8、s would justify these promotion policies.Although the new vehicle market share of HVs among all passenger vehicles reached 32.4% In Table 1, we report the descriptive statistics of vehicles according to fuel type. The to

9、tal number of vehicles in our data- set is 3,694,846, including 1,026,213 (27.77%) light vehicles, 1,914,044 (51.80%) regular GVs, 118,058 (3.20%) diesel vehicles, and 48,942 (1.32%) regular HVs that use regular gasoline

10、. The market share of other types of vehicles is relatively small.The third column reports the catalog price of new vehicles. The average price of regular GVs is 22.93 thousand dollars, while that of regular HVs is 27.16

11、 thousand dollars. Therefore, the price of HVs is higher than that of GVs. The fifth column reports the average fuel economy based on the 10–15 mode released by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of

12、Japan (2013).3 As the column shows, the average fuel economy of HVs is much higher than that of GVs.The sixth column shows the average holding period. The column shows that expensive vehicles, such as premium gaso- li

13、ne, diesel, and LPG vehicles, are used for a longer period of time than regular GVs. The column shows that the holding per- iod of HVs is shorter than that of GVs, mainly because HVs became popular after 2009 and the HVs

14、 in the dataset have recent model years.Fig. 1. Ownership share by vehicle type.Table 1.Descriptive statistics of used vehicles.Category Sample (number) Price of new vehicle ($1000)Engine size (1000 cc)Fuel economy (km/

15、L)Total registered period (year)Regular GV 1,914,044 22.93 2.14 13.76 8.63(51.80%) (8.65) (0.90) (3.51) (5.61)Light GV 1,026,213 12.28 0.66 18.50 7.63(27.77%) (2.00) (0.02) (2.22) (4.80)Premium GV 568,553 40.82 2.74 10.5

16、0 9.35(15.39%) (19.67) (1.26) (3.45) (6.07)Regular HV 48,942 27.16 1.67 30.58 5.25(1.32%) (5.87) (0.36) (4.53) (2.96)Premium HV 7747 45.19 3.29 13.63 5.32(0.21%) (12.69) (1.07) (4.82) (3.02)Diesel V 118,058 27.66 3.51 8.

17、95 11.49(3.20%) (69.41) (1.26) (2.01) (5.40)Natural Gas V 682 16.87 1.84 15.21 9.93(0.02%) (15.11) (1.54) (3.07) (5.45)LPG V 839 26.11 2.01 12.70 9.67(0.02%) (12.22) (1.04) (3.85) (4.58)Electric V 1067 29.08 6.67(0.03%)