紡織工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)外文翻譯---常壓等離子體處理對棉纖維表面性能的改善（英文）

1、Fibers and Polymers 2008, Vol.9, No.1, 21-2621Improvements of Surface Functionality of Cotton Fibers by Atmospheric Plasma TreatmentH. A. Karahan and E. Özdo an*Department of Textile Engineering, Ege University, 35

2、100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey (Received July 18, 2007; Revised November 12, 2007; Accepted November 27, 2007)Abstract: This study aims to investigate the viability of atmospheric plasma treatment over raw cotton fabric sur

3、faces as an alternative method for superseding the wet textile pre-treatment processes. For this purpose, the fabric samples were treated with air plasma and argon atmospheric plasma. Thereafter, the hydrophilicity and t

4、he wickability of plasma treated samples increased, and also the contact angles decreased significantly. Chemical changes were analyzed by FTIR-ATR and XPS. Morphological changes were observed by SEM. The results were in

5、spected for assessing to what extent the replacement might be achieved by inducing this surface modification method. Keywords: Atmospheric plasma, Air plasma, Argon plasma, Surface modification, CottonIntroductionCotton

6、is mainly composed of cellulose with some non- cellulosic components. These non-cellulosic components are waxes, pectin and some proteins, and they are mainly found in the cuticle layer and the primary wall which are the

7、 outermost layers of the cotton fiber. These hydrophobic impurities, especially cotton wax, affect the uptake of dyeing and finishing solutions. To remove these impurities from the cotton surface, certain chemical method

8、s are used in the textile industry. These conventional methods are energy- consuming processes with negative environmental impact [1]. In this concern, many alternative environmentally friendly methods were developed. Pl

9、asma treatment is one of those methods and can be used as an effective technique for modifying the surface properties of cotton fabric without altering the interior part of the fiber [2-4]. Plasma is generated when a gas

10、 is exposed to an electro- magnetic field at low pressure and near ambient temperature. The chemistry of the plasma takes place in non-equilibrium conditions [5]. Plasmas can be classified as low pressure and atmospheric

11、 plasmas. Both plasmas can be used for surface modification of materials. Vacuum systems are time-, space-, and energy-consuming processes, and some material properties, such as thickness and size, are highly dependent o

12、n the dimension of the device and, in addition, the process is not a continuous one. On the other hand, atmospheric plasma can be generated under atmospheric conditions and does not require vacuum systems with continuous

13、 and open perimeter fabric flow [6]. The efficiency of plasma treatments depend on treatment conditions of time, pressure, power and gas. The species that participate in plasma reactions, such as excited atoms, free radi

14、cals and metastable particles, electrons and ions, can interact either physically or chemically with substrates [7].Numerous researches have been carried out to improve wettability, water repellency and soil releasing pr

15、operty of textile fibers and fabrics by using plasma technology [8-11]. Additionally, modifications of conventional dyeing, printing and finishing properties have been achieved by plasma treatment methods. However, low-p

16、ressure plasma was used in most of the studies. In this study, the effects of air and argon atmospheric plasma treatments on the functionality of cotton fabrics were investigated. The wet processes in textile finishing u

17、nfortunately require great amounts of water. This requisite leads enormous energy consumption along with the pollution of subterranean water with wastewater as well as thermal pollution. Therefore the main purposes of th

18、is study are to investigate the potential of viability of the atmospheric plasma methods for reducing energy consumption and water pollution as being an alternative method i.e. replacement of wet textile pre-treatment pr

19、ocesses.ExperimentalMaterials In this study, 100 % raw cotton fabric, plain weave, 153 g/ m2, 45 ends cm?1, 26 picks cm?1samples were used.Atmospheric Plasma Treatments For plasma treatment, a dielectric barrier discharg

20、e (DBD) atmospheric plasma device was used [12]. The samples were placed between the electrodes and the distance between the electrodes was 0.2 cm. In all treatments, air and argon were used as the processing gas with th

21、e power of 50, 100, 130 watts with different time intervals, namely 20, 40 and 60 seconds. Characterization Techniques The hydrophilicity (absorbency) of fabrics was measured according to AATCC 79-1995 standard. In this

22、standard, a drop of water was allowed to fall from a fixed height ontog o*Corresponding author: esen.ozdogan@ege.edu.trEffect of Atmospheric Plasma on Cotton Fibers Fibers and Polymers 2008, Vol.9, No.1 23As could be see

23、n from the outcomes of the Table 3, plasma treatments improved the wickability of raw cotton fabrics [14]. The wicking height increased remarkably as hydrophilicity and the contact angle values, but the difference betwee

24、n two plasmas could be seen more clearly from wicking results. In Tables 2 and 3, it could be seen that the 130 W treatments for 60 sec. had the same hydrophilicity and contact angle values, but the wicking heights were

25、higher with argon gas. This was probably caused by the etching effect of argon gas. As stated before, noble gasses have higher etching tendency. As could be seen from SEM pictures, modification of the surface by argon pl

26、asma was more effective than the air plasma. The cracks formed on the surface were the cause of the decrease of capillary pressure which improved the wickability [16]. Wicking results gave comparatively more extensive in

27、forma- tion about the surface modification phenomenon than hydro- philicity and contact angle measurement. It also revealed homogeneity of the treatment [17]. If the treatment induced a homogenous structure, then the wic

28、king tendency would be similar in every part of the fabric. We observed homogenous wickability on the higher power and longer exposure times of induced samples.FTIR/ATR Analysis FT-IR ATR is a simple method which is util

29、ized to characterize the waxes and other impurities of cellulose located in the outermost layer of cotton fibers [18]. Characteristic bands related to the chemical structure of cellulose were the hydrogen bonded OH stret

30、ching at 3550-3100 cm?1, the CH stretching at 2900 cm?1, and the CH wagging at 1315 cm?1 [18-20]. FTIR-ATR spectra of all untreated and treated fabrics showed these bands but there were some distinct peaks at 2943 cm?1,

31、1737 cm?1, C-H stretching region at 2800-3000 cm?1 was related with the amount of waxes left on the fabric. Waxes were mixtures of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and free acids which have long alkyl chains [18]. A new pe

32、ak formed at 2943 cm?1, as seen on Figure 2(b), which was symmetric CH2 stretching (long alkyl chain), which might be attributed to a partial decomposition of waxes caused by the atmospheric plasma treatment.Peaks around

33、 1735 cm?1 were indicators of pectic poly- saccharides and represented the ester groups of pectin [21]. The wax components were believed to be located in the primary cell wall with the highest concentration at the surfac

34、e, and to be closely connected with the pectic substances [22]. A broad band at 1737 cm?1, apparent on Figure 2(a), for the argon plasma might correspond to pectic substances under the waxy layer which became more detect

35、able after argonTable 3. Wicking height (cm)Treatment Air plasma Argon plasmaUntreated 050 W, 20 sec. 0.1 0.850 W, 40 sec. 0.2 4.650 W, 60 sec. 0.3 5.5100 W, 20 sec. 2.2 7.1100 W, 40 sec. 4.3 7.8100 W, 60 sec. 4.8 9.0

36、130 W, 20 sec. 3.9 7.2130 W, 40 sec. 7.8 8.4130 W, 60 sec. 8.0 9.2Figure 2. FTIR-ATR spectra of untreated, air plasma treated and argon plasma treated cotton fabrics at (a) 1871-1500 cm?1 and (b) 3189-2800 cm?1.Figure 3.